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Niche breadth and overlap of spotted deer and domestic cattle with swamp deer in tropical region of Nepal

Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 238-247页

作者： Siddhartha Regmi Bijaya neupane Bijaya Dhami Deepak Gautam Saroj Panthi Megharaj Poudel Institute of Forestry Tribhuvan University44107 HetaudaNepal Institute of Forestry Tribhuvan University33700 PokharaNepal School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Ministry of Forest Environment and Soil ConservationPokhara 33700GandakiNepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Forest Research and Training CenterKathmandu 44600Nepal Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Helsinki00014 HelsinkiFinland

Background:Knowledge about the niche overlap among wild species and domestic cattle is helpful to conserve and manage *** assessed the habitat niche breadth and overlap of sympatrically living spotted deer(Axis axis)and domestic cattle with swamp deer(Cervus duvaucelii)in Shuklaphanta National Park,Nepal during the dry season to explore the possibility of interspecific competition by studying the habitat use by these *** assumption was made that the presence of pellets is proof of habitat used by ***:Grids of 2 km×2 km have four subgrids,each with four sample plots,making a total of 16 plots(20 m×20 m)in each *** size of each sub-grid was 200 m×200 m and they were placed randomly inside the grid but at least 1 km apart from one *** data was collected in a 96 plots in ***’s niche breadth and Morisita’s overlap index were calculated to determine the niche breadth and the habitat overlap,***:The Levin’s measure of niche breadth suggested that spotted deer had the highest acclimatization with an index value of 0.94,followed by domestic cattle at 0.50,and swamp deer at 0.33 in our study ***,our findings supported the evidence that spotted deer are habitat generalists,whereas swamp deer are habitat *** swamp deer had lower niche breadth and more overlap with domestic ***:Our study showed the least niche breadth of swamp deer in comparison to spotted deer and domestic *** domestic cattle had the highest and least niche overlap with spotted deer and swamp deer,respectively,in terms of habitat *** study suggests that domestic cattle grazing should be stopped,and grassland management should be carried out for the benefit of *** studies should be conducted,including different seasons and places,prior to appropriate habitat *** addition,further studies are needed to quantify the extent of interspecific competition by incorporating more species.

关键词： Generalist Levin’s niche breadth Morisita’s overlap index Spatial overlap Habitat specialist

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Shifting dynamics of nature, society and agriculture in the Hindu Kush Himalayas: Perspectives for future mountain development

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第5期16卷 1133-1149页

作者： BHATTA Laxmi Dutt SHRESTHA Anil neupane Nilhari JODHA Narpat Singh WU Ning International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Department of Viticulture and Enology California State UniversityFresno Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

Current approaches for sustainable mountain development have several persisting warning signals. Economic globalization, profitoriented market development, and infrastructure development have significantly altered traditional nature-society interactions, increased environmental pressures, and challenged agricultural sustainability in the mountains. Some of the effects of globalization could also be beneficial. Social differentiation and disintegration of mountain communities' have weakened their collective stakes on natural resources resulting in decline in initiatives such as community forestry, collective water management, domestication of rapidly disappearing herbal species, and balancing of economic and ecological concerns. Population growth, food insecurity, unemployment, and increasing economic gaps between rich and poor have led to out-migration of youth. Sustained action promoting ownership of new initiatives for rehabilitating degraded mountain landscapes through macro-level global/national initiatives, mountain specific planning and development efforts is severely lacking in many areas on the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. Therefore, there is an urgent need for widening the scope of efforts directed to help mountain areas and communities, and a future thinking approach to enhance the sustainability of mountain areas as they are a valuable natural resource for humankind. This paper discusses the issues, opportunities, and provides suggestions for the future of mountain development.

关键词： Environment Migration Mountain agriculture Mountain development Sustainability

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2D organic semiconductors, the future of green nanotechnology

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Nano Materials Science 2019年第4期1卷 246-259页

作者： Guru Prakash neupane Wendi Ma Tanju Yildirim Yilin Tang Linglong Zhang Yuerui Lu Research School of Electrical Energy and Materials EngineeringCollege of Engineering and Computer ScienceThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518052GuangdongChina

The discovery of 2D organic semiconductors of atomically thin structures has attracted great attention due to their emerging optical, electronic, optoelectronic and mechatronic properties. Recent progress in such organic nanostructures has opened new opportunities for engineering material properties in many ways, such as, 0D/1D/2D nanoparticles hybridization, strain engineering, atomic doping etc. Moreover, 2D organic nanostructures exhibit a unique feature of bio–functionality and are highly sensitive to bio-analytes. Such peculiar behavior in 2D organics can be utilized to design highly-efficient bio-sensors. Also, a bio-molecular integrated electronic/optoelectronic device with enhanced performance can be attained. Furthermore, the bio-degradable, biocompatible, biometabolizable, non-toxic behaviour and natural origin of organic nanomaterials can address the current ecological concerns of increasing inorganic material based electronic waste. This review highlights the benefits of 2D organic semiconductors. Considering the importance of strategic techniques for growing thin 2D organic layers,this review summarizes progress towards this direction. The possible challenges for long-time stability and future research directions in 2D organic nano electronics/optoelectronics are also discussed. We believe that this review article provides immense research interests in organic 2D nanotechnology for exploiting green technologies in the future.

关键词： 2D organic semiconductor Green nanotechnology OTFTs OLEDs Photo-diodes Organic solar cell Optical wave guide

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Starchy and fibrous feedstuffs differ in their in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics and differently modulate gut microbiota of swine

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1402-1412页

作者： Utsav P.Tiwari Rabindra K.Mandal Kabi Raj neupane Birendra Mishra Rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa1955 East-West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianaUSA Math and Sciences Division Leeward community collegePearl CityHI 96782USA

Background:Alternative feedstuffs may contribute to reducing feed costs of pig *** these feedstuffs are typically rich in fiber and resistant starch(RS).Dietary fibers and RS are fermented in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)and modulate the microbial *** microbes in the GIT can promote host health,depending on the type of fermentation substrates *** this study,six alternative feedstuffs(three starchy:Okinawan sweet potato,OSP;yam,and taro,and three fibrous:wheat millrun,WMR;barley brewers grain,BBG;and macadamia nut cake,MNC)were evaluated for their in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics and their effects on pig’s hindgut microbial *** 2 steps of enzymatic digestion assay,residues were fermented using fresh pig feces as microbial inoculum,and gas production was recorded periodically for 72 h and modeled for fermentation *** fermentation,the residual liquid phase was analyzed for short-chain fatty acid(SCFA),and the solid phase was used to determine the nutrient’s digestibility and microbial ***:In vitro ileal digestibility of dry matter and gross energy was higher in starchy than fibrous *** gas and SCFA production were significantly higher(P<0.001)in starchy feedstuffs than fibrous *** acetate and propionate production was significantly higher(P<0.001)in all starchy feedstuffs than BBG and MNC;WMR was in *** alpha diversity was not significantly different within and between starchy and fibrous *** diversity(measured using bray Curtis dissimilarity distance)of starchy feedstuffs was significantly different(P<0.005)than fibrous ***:Starchy feedstuffs acted as a substrate to similar types of microbes,whereas fibrous feedstuffs resulted in a more diverse microbial *** alternative feedstuffs may exert comparable beneficial effects,thus may be included in swine diets to improve gut health.

关键词： Fermentation Fiber Gut health Microbial diversity Starch Swine

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Current state of medical tourism involving liver transplantation-the risk of infections and potential complications

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第7期13卷 717-722页

作者： Ritesh neupane Pahnwat Tonya Taweesedt Humayun Anjum Salim Surani Department of Medicine Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical CenterHersheyPA 17033United States Department of Medicine Corpus Christi Medical CenterCorpus ChristiTX 78412United States Department of Medicine University of North TexasCorpus ChristiTX 78412United States Department of Medicine Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States

Liver transplant has been shown to significantly improve mortality and quality of life in various liver diseases such as acute liver failure,end-stage liver disease,and liver *** the organ transplant demand is continuing to rise,the organ donation supply remains *** organ shortage,high cost,and long waiting lists have stimulated a desire for routes that may be *** process which is named transplant tourism is the term used to describe traveling to another country to purchase an organ for *** transplant tourism has been associated with post-transplant complications and higher mortality compared to a domestic liver *** pre-and post-transplant infectious screening,inadequate opportunistic infection prophylaxis,and loss to follow-up were noted in patients who travel abroad for a liver *** is crucial to understand the risk of transplant tourism to prevent morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Commercial transplant Liver transplant Organ tourism Transplant tourism

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Fungal infections following liver transplantation

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第11期13卷 1653-1662页

作者： Madiha Khalid Ritesh neupane Humayun Anjum Salim Surani Department of Medicine Orlando Health Medical CenterOrlandoFL 32806United States Department of Medicine Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical CenterHersheyPA 17033United States Department of Medicine University of North TexasDentonTX 76203United States Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Texas A&M Health Science CenterCorpus ChristiTX 78405United States

With increasing morbidity and mortality from chronic liver disease and acute liver failure,the need for liver transplantation is on the *** of these patients are extremely vulnerable to infections as they are immune-compromised and have other chronic co-morbid *** the recent advances in practice and improvement in diagnostic surveillance and treatment modalities,a major portion of these patients continue to be affected by post-transplant *** these,fungal infections are particularly notorious given their vague and insidious onset and are very challenging to *** mini-review aims to discuss the incidence of fungal infections following liver transplantation,the different fungi involved,the risk factors,which predispose these patients to such infections,associated diagnostic challenges,and the role of *** population at risk is increasingly old and frail,suffering from various other co-morbid conditions,and needs special *** improve care and to decrease the burden of such infections,we need to identify the at-risk population with more robust clinical and diagnostic parameters.A more robust global consensus and stringent guidelines are needed to fight against resistant microbes and maintain the longevity of current antimicrobial therapies.

关键词： Invasive fungal infections Liver transplantation Candidiasis Antifungal prophylaxis Aspergillosis Cryptococcus

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Seasonal variations and health risk assessment of trace elements in the Badigad River,lesser Himalayas,Nepal

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第4期42卷 689-703页

作者： Ramesh Raj Pant Kiran Bishwakarma Kshitiz Kandel Sudip Poudel Jharana Nepal Bhanu Bhakta neupane Virendra Bahadur Singh Central Department of Environmental Science Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Central Department of Chemistry Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Department of Environmental Studies Ram Lal Anand CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi 110021India

The consumption of contaminated river water can have severe effects on human *** study aims to investigate the trace elements(TEs)content and their health risk assessment in the Badigad River Basin in the lesser Himalayas of *** total,44 water samples were collected from 22 different sites during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons,and 25 TEs were *** matrix and principal component analysis(PCA)were used to analyze the potential relationship between the measured TEs and their source ***,the water quality index(WQI),metal index(MI),and cancer index(CI)were *** TEs content in all samples were found to be within the WHO recommended guideline for drinking and domestic *** dominancy order of the TEs was observed as Sr>Ba>Li>Rb>Zn>Cr>Sc>Mn>Ti>Cu>As>Ni>Co>U>V>Pb>Cs>Ga>Y>Tl>Th>Zr>Bi>Cd>*** PCA analysis suggested that TEs could have natural,anthropogenic,and mixed *** WQI indicated that the river water is safe from a human health *** MI suggested that Badigad River can be considered safer for drinking purposes,and the cancer index(CI)showed that all the reported TEs are at low-risk *** findings of this study could be useful for government agencies in developing more sustainable water management policies in the ***,it is suggested that further investigations should be conducted in terms of other hydrogeochemical variables,including major ions,at spatiotemporal levels for the sustainability of the river basin.

关键词： Trace elements Water quality Health risk assessment Multivariate analysis Badigad River

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A prospective future towards bio/medical technology and bioelectronics based on 2D vdWs heterostructures

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Nano Research 2020年第1期13卷 1-17页

作者： Guru Prakash neupane Linglong Zhang Tanju Yildirim Kai Zhou Bowen Wang Yilin Tang Wendi Ma Yunzhou Xue Yuerui Lu Research School of Electrical Energy and Materials EngineeringCollege of Engineering and Computer ScienceThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen University Nan-hai Ave 3688Shenzhen518060China College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518052China

Nano-biotechnology research has become extremely important due to the possibilities in manipulation and characterization of biological molecules through *** exhibit exciting electrical,optoelectronic,magnetic,mechanical and chemical properties that can be exploited to develop efficient biosensors or *** unique properties in nanomaterials can also be used in bioimaging and cancer therapeutics,where biomolecules influence the inherent properties in *** manipulation of nanomaterial properties can lead to many breakthroughs in nanotechnology ***,2D nanomaterials have emerged as viable materials for *** cross-section area and functional availability of 2D or 1D quantum limit in these nanomaterials allow greater flexibility and better nanodevice performance.2D nanomaterials enable advanced bioelectronics to be more easily integrated due to their atomic thickness,biocompatibility,mechanical flexibility and ***,with the development of 2D material heterostructures,enhanced material properties can be obtained which can directly influence bio-nanotechnology *** article firstly reviews the development of various types of 2D heterostructures in a wide variety of nano-biotechnology ***,future 2D heterostructure scopes in bioimaging,nanomedicine,bio-markers/therapy and bioelectronics are *** paper can be an avenue for providing a wide scope for 2D van der Waals(vdWs)heterostructures in bio-and medical fields.

关键词： hwo-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials heterostructures bioimaging nano-medicine nano-bio-electronics wearable 2D nanotechnology

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Study on Emitted Radiations from Filament Bulb of Different Power

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2020年第8期8卷 1615-1645页

作者： neupane Rajendra Department of Physics Birendra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan University Bharatpur Nepal

The research work is carried out to find spectrum of wavelength of the emitted radiations from filament bulb. Both temperature and wavelength measurement are based on theoretical model. The temperature finding formula for tungsten filament is obtained by using blackbody radiation approach. The peak wavelength of the emitted radiation is obtained 1.461 μm and 1.125 μm for 6 and 500 watt bulb respectively by using Wein’s displacement law which depends upon temperature of the filament. The wavelength obtained by using Wein’s displacement law, is just an index, which helps to investigate, “how the radiation energy density is distributed” so as to give rise to an electromagnetic spectrum. The results obtained from the applied methodologies show that the accuracy of a model is quite good. Some mathematical techniques and probability theory are used to verify the work. The work is followed by both classical and quantum analysis to justify the results. Temperature only is not the key factor that deserves power of the bulb. The value of resistance plays a vital role in fixing power of the bulb. At least one factor is important in the calibration of the power of the bulb, “either temperature or surface area” of the filament.

关键词： Filament Electromagnetic Spectrum Probability Distribution Spectral Emittance

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Comparative transcriptome analysis of thiamethoxam susceptible and resistant Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri(Hemiptera:Liviidae),using RNA-sequencing

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Insect Science 2021年第6期28卷 1708-1720页

作者： Xue Dong Chen Surendra neupane Torrence A.Gill Hunter Gossett Kirsten S.Pelz-Stelinski Lukasz L.Stelinski Entomology and Nematology Department University of FloridaCitrus Research and Education Center700 Experiment station RdLake AlfredFL 33850USA Biology Department Chowan UniversityOne University PlaceMurfreesboroNC 27855USA

Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri Kuwayama(Hemiptera:Liviidae),transmits the causal pathogen of huanglongbing and is a global pest of *** populations exhibit resistance to multiple insecticide modes of action in areas where these chemicals have been *** performed genome-wide transcriptional analysis for two field populations of ***(Wauchula and Lake Alfred,Florida,USA)that exhibit 1300-fold resistance to the neonicotinoid insecticide,thiamethoxam,and compared it to that of susceptible psyllids collected from the same area and without imposed *** Lake Alfred population responded to insecticide resistance by up-regulation of 240 genes and down-regulation of 148 *** Wauchula population exhibited similar patterns to the Lake Alfred population with up-regulation of 253 genes and down-regulation of 115 *** Ontology annotation associated with cellular processes,cell,and catalytic activity were assigned to differentially expressed genes(DEGs).The DEGs from Lake Alfred and Wauchula populations were mapped to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathways and implicated enrichment of metabolic pathways,oxidative phosphorylation,extracellular matrix-receptor interaction,terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,and insect hormone biosynthesis in the resistant populations,lip-regulation of 60s ribo-somal proteins,UDP-gluscoyltransferases,cytochrome c oxidases,and CYP and ABC transporters among thiamethoxam-resistant *** implicates a broad array of novel and conventionally understood resistance mechanisms.

关键词： cuticle genes enzymatic activity neonicotinoid resistance transcriptomics

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