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Open Journal of Radiology 2018年第2期8卷 74-83页

作者： neossi guena mathurin Alapha Florent Doka Kamo Héléne Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Medical Imaging Center of Ngaoundere Regional Hospital Ngaoundere Cameroon Peadiatric Department of Ngaoundere Regional Hospital Ngaoundere Cameroon

Brain malformations are rare, difficult to diagnose and have unpredictable evolution. They are the major causes of epilepsy, psychomotor development abnormalities and other neurological disorders. The neuroimaging technique of choice for diagnosis of these malformations is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but unfortunately MRI is expensive, and is not available in a poor resource country like Cameroon. CT scan associated to clinical signs can help to suspect or to confirm a malformation. The authors report here three cases of malformations discovered during cranial CT scan at the regional hospital of Ngaoundéré. They are Dandy Walker malformation, Sturge Weber’s disease and hemimegalencephaly. These cases contribute to the knowledge of this rare event, and emphasize the importance of CT scan on their diagnosis in the absence of MRI.

关键词： Brain Malformations Cerebral CT-Scan Dandy Walker Sturge Weber Diseases Hemimegalencephaly Poor Resource Country

Pertinence of Children’s Chest X-Ray Request Form and Practice at the Regional Hospital of Ngaoundere Cameroon

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Open Journal of Radiology 2018年第4期8卷 223-235页

作者： mathurin guena neossi Florent Zilbinkai Alapha Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Medical Imaging Center of Ngaoundere RegionalHospital Ngaoundere Cameroon

Background: Chest X-ray is frequently performed for evaluation of chest disease in both adults and children. Children are more exposed to the adverse effects of radiation as compared to adults. During our daily practice, we noticed that most of children’s chest X-ray results were normal. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the indications, the technic, the irradiation and the result of chest X-rays in children in order to know if the practice of these X-rays was relevant. Method: Cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted at the Imaging Regional Center of Ngaoundere from April to August 2017. A total number of 145 radiographs and 140 X-ray requests of 140 children were considered in this work. The conformity of the request were verified according to the recommendations of the National Agency for Accreditation and Health Evaluation in France (NAAHE), technical condition of realization and results were appreciated and the entrance surface dose (ESD) of the patients was estimated using a mathematical algorithm. Results: Children under 5 years (63.5%) were more represented in our study. The main indications were: cough (22.1%), suspicion of pneumonia (16.4%) and bronchitis (15.7%). No indication was mentioned on 69.3% of the request forms. After confrontation to the “Guide for proper use of medical imaging examinations” (GPU), we only had 24% conformity of indications. 82.7% of the examinations required immobilization assistance by the parents. Most of the children were imaged in a standing-up position (82.9%) and the anterior-posterior view (77.9%) was more practiced. After the analysis of the pictures, 62% of them presented an optimal contrast, while 42.1% of X-ray were performed without beam collimation. 25 X-rays were repeated: 12 (48%) because of patient’s motion and 13 (52%) of mispositionning. After interpretation, 87 (62.14%) chest X-ray were normal. Main lesion observed were pneumonia (17.14%) followed by bronchopeumopathy (5.71%) and bronchitis (5%). Th

关键词： Pertinence Chest X-Ray Children Request Form Practice

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patient Attendance and Trends in the Use of Medical Imaging Modalities in a Referral Hospital in the City of Douala, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2022年第1期12卷 16-24页

作者： Yannick Onana Joshua Tambe Mohamadou Aminou Samuel Mbozo’o Mvondo Francis Ateba Ndongo Jean Claude Mballa Amougou Jeremie Mbo Amvene mathurin neossi guena Harvey Onana Boniface Moifo Emile Telesphore Mboudou Douala Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Garoua University of Ngaoundere Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a massive influx of patients with suspected or confirmed flu to hospitals, paradoxically leading to a decrease in the attendance for some services. This study aspired to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the attendance of patients at the Radiology and Medical Imaging Department of a tertiary hospital in Douala, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, retrospective and descriptive hospital-based study. Data on patient attendance was extracted from the medical records at the Radiology Unit of Douala Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (DGOPH) between the 1st of March 2019 and the 30th of August 2021. Results: There was a drop in the number of sonographies and conventional radiographies by 25.73% and 18.26% respectively during the peaks pandemic period of 2020 compared to the preceding pre-pandemic era (2019). There was a recovery in 2021 as the numbers increased. Computed tomography studies increased by 40.65% during the peak pandemic period of 2020. Conclusion: This study enables us to understand the health-seeking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in CT utilization during the peak period of the pandemic nevertheless required caution in order to ensure safety and to promote rational cost-effective utilization.

关键词： COVID-19 Impact Imaging Trends Radiology Department Douala

Exposure of the Population of Ngaoundere-Cameroon to Ionizing Radiation Related to Medical Diagnosis in 2018

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Open Journal of Radiology 2019年第2期9卷 125-138页

作者： mathurin neossi guena Baudouin Djoumessi Nanfack Joseph Gonsu Fotsing Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Imaging Service Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital Ngaoundéré Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde Gynaecology Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Medical applications are the main source of exposure to ionizing radiation of human origin. Our objective was to determine the data on exposure to ionizing radiation of medical origin of the population of Ngaoundéré in 2018. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted within a period of one year, in the different hospitals of Ngaoundéré, with a functional medical imaging service. The variables studied were age, sex, type of examination, anatomical region and effective dose. The statistical analysis was performed using the Microsoft Office 2016 software, Sphinx V5;the effective dosage was calculated using the Internet Dose calculation Module. Results: In 2018, 4136 diagnostic acts using ionizing radiation were carried out;it concerned only conventional radiology with an average of 0.02 per capita. The total collective dose received by the population was 8300 mSv, and an average dose of 0.040 mSv per inhabitant. The proportion of the population that has actually benefited from a conventional radiology examination is 2.07%, an individual effective average dose of 2 mSv. The most frequent acts involved the thorax, limbs, spine and pelvis with respectively 53.9%;19.6%;14.3% and 6.7%. Acts involving the spine, pelvis and hip, skull and abdomen contributed to the majority of the collective effective dose respectively with 45.75%, 25.96%, 10.53% and 8.84%. The age group performing most exams in men is 25 to 49 and 25 to 54 in women;the number of acts is higher among men 2457 (59.4%) acts compared to women 1679 (40.6%) acts. The collective dose per sex is higher among women with 4487.22 mSv (54.06%) compared to men with 3812.98 mSv (45.94%). Conclusion: Only 2.07% of population of Ngaoundere benefited from a conventional radiology examination in 2018 with an individual effective average dose of 2 mSv. The annual per capita number of acts is 0.02 and annual per capita effective dose is 0.040 mSv in Ngaoundéré in 2018.

关键词： Exposure Ionizing Radiation Conventional Radiology City of Ngaoundéré 2018

An Assessment of Both Patients and Medical Staff Awareness of the Risks of Ionizing Radiation from CT Scan in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Radiology 2017年第3期7卷 199-208页

作者： mathurin neossi guena Daniel Ngalaleu Nguemeleu Thierry Ndzana Ndah Boniface Moifo Departement of Biomedical Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Radiology Department Ngaoundere Regional Hospital Ngaoundere Cameroon National Radiation Protection Agency (ANRP) Yaoundé Cameroon Département of Radiology and Radiation Oncology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of de Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Objectives: To assess the patients and health personnel’s level of awareness on risks related to ionizing radiation during CT scan. Materials and methods: Three questionnaires were addressed to patients, prescribing physicians, and the medical imaging staff for three hospitals respectively. This permitted us to assess their knowledge on the benefits and risks of the required medical exam, based on the dangers of being exposed to X-rays, especially induced-radiation cancer following the amount of X-rays received during a CT scan and the possibility of not receiving radiation as tools of diagnosis. Results: 150 patients, 84 referring doctors of CT scan tests and 60 medical imaging personnel were retained. For patients, only 7.1% received information on the benefits and risks of their exams, and 34.4% believed that x-rays were harmful to their health. For the prescribers, 46.7% took into account the benefits/risk ratio before prescribing a test and only 16.7% of the referring doctors have informed the patient of the risks related to X-ray. 90% of the medical imaging staff ensures that the required test is justified, and 50% informed the patient on the risks associated with their radiation exposure, and the increased risk of developing cancer. 65% of the imaging staff could not estimate the dose that the patient will receive during the medical test. 25% mentioned the dose received during the acquisition in the patient’s exam report. Conclusion: This study confirms that the referring doctors, the patients, and the radiologists have a low knowledge concerning the risks associated with radiation exposure during a CT scan assessment. We will therefore say that patients and prescribers are not aware of the doses of radiation on CT and their possible risks, even though there is a risk of developing cancer.

关键词： X-Rays CT Scan Level of Knowledge Risks Patients Medical Staff

Epidemiologic, Clinical and Radiological Aspects of Male Urethral Strictures at the NgaoundéréRegional Hospital

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Open Journal of Radiology 2019年第2期9卷 115-124页

作者： mathurin neossi guena Florent Zilbinkai Alapha Eric Lonang Wandji Odile Fernande Zeh Joseph Gonsu Fotsing Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Imaging Service Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital Ngaoundéré Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde Gynaecology Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Urethral stricture is a disabling condition that remains prevalent due to the upsurge of sexually transmitted infections and traumatic lesions of the urethra during trauma of the pelvis in humans. Objective: Describe the epidemiological, clinical and radiological presentations of male urethral strictures. Method: It was a cross-sectional and descriptive study during a one-year period from January to December 2017 including all male patients presenting for a urethrocystography examination, at the Ngaoundere Radiology and Medical Imaging Center who agreed to participate. The urethrocystography technique depended on patient’s condition and was either retrograde, anterograde, or following intravenous urography. The examinations were performed with GE X-ray equipment using Kodak Dry View CRs. The interpretation was performed by a radiologist with at least five years of experience. The variables studied were age, clinic, history, uretrocystography technique and results. The data were collected using a previously established data sheet and processed with Sphinx Plus2 V5 and Microsoft Excel 2010 software. Results: 39 patients were enrolled in this study;the average age of our patients was 43.8 years with extremes of 4 and 76 years. The 50 - 60 age group (30.7%) was the most affected. Infection (53.9%) and trauma (23.1%) were the most common etiologies;dysuria (38.5%) and diminution of urinary flow (30.8%) were the most patient’s complaint. Retrograde urethrocystography (66.7%) was the most performed technic. Minimal bleeding in 46.2% of patients was the most common incident during urethrocystography;76.9% of patients had a difficult urination and 7.7% an impassable urethral meatus. After interpretation, 84.6% of patients had urethral stenosis, which was associated with bladder diverticula (23%) and fistulas (15.3%). The stenosis was seated on membranous urethra (81.8%), tight type (45.4%), short (66.7%) and single (81.8%). The post-void residue was significant i

关键词： Stenosis Urethrocystography Male Urethra

Interest of Systematic Chest Radiography during Periodic Medical Visits in Workers

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Advances in Molecular Imaging 2019年第3期9卷 43-52页

作者： mathurin neossi guena Romai Batchago Tchouezoue Florent Zilbinkai Alapha Jérémie Mbo Amvene Joseph Gonsu Fotsing Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Imaging service Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital Ngaoundéré Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Ngaoundere Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde Gynaecology Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Systematic chest X-ray is the most prescribed examination by occupational physicians during periodic medical check-ups in our context, unlike in most countries where this practice has been discontinued. Objective: The objective was to determine the diagnostic yield and cost-effectiveness of chest radiography during periodic medical check-ups of workers in Ngaoundere. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in Ngaoundere Regional Hospital from January to December 2018, concerning all persons coming to perform a systematic chest X-ray in the context of the periodic medical check-up having been consented to participate in the study. Posteroanterior (PA) chest radiographs were obtained from all workers during this periodic medical check-up. The variables studied were: age, sex, clinical manifestations, antecedents, job type, cost, and chest X-ray results. Statistical analysis was performed using the Sphinx Plus2-Lexica-V5 Edition software. Results: 753 workers were selected for this study, of whom 88.04% were men and 11.96% were women, a sex ratio H/F is of 7.4, the average age was 39 ± 7.89 years with extremes of 24 and 56 years, the most frequent job type was the administration (38.37%), the storekeepers (17.92) and the drivers (15.27%), most of them were asymptomatic (97.47%), some had cough (2.52%), chest pain (2.12%), dyspnea (0.26%) and fever (0.13%). History was dominated by lung infection (2.39%), pleurisy (1.06%) and tuberculosis (0.79%). 7.43% of workers occasionally smoked tobacco and consumed alcohol. 41 cases of pathologies (5.44%) were found on the chest X-ray, including 1 case (0.13%) of evolutionary pathology, 40 cases (5.31%) of sequelae pathologies. When the results of the chest X-ray are compared with the clinical signs and the pathological history of the workers, it is found that the only case with evolutionary abnormalities on the chest X-ray showed clinical signs and that the other cases with seque

关键词： Chest X-Ray Workers Periodic Medical Check-Ups Diagnostic Value Cost

Diagnostic Reference Levels of Adults CT-Scan Imaging in Cameroon: A Pilot Study of Four Commonest CT-Protocols in Five Radiology Departments

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2017年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： Boniface Moifo Jean Roger Moulion Tapouh mathurin neossi guena Thierry Ndzana Ndah Richard Ndi Samba Augustin Simo Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaoundé 1 Yaounde Cameroon Radiology Department Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Radiology Department Yaounde University Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon National Radiation Protection Agency (ANRP) Yaounde Cameroon

CT-scan is the most irradiating tool in diagnostic radiology. For 5% - 10% of diagnostic X-ray procedures, it is responsible for 34% of irradiation according to UNSCEAR. Patients radiation protection must therefore be increased during CT-scan procedures. This requires the rigorous application of optimization principle which imposes to have “diagnostic reference levels”. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) of the four most frequent CT-scans examinations of adults in Cameroon. Material and Method: It was a cross-sectional pilot study carried out from April to September 2015 in five health facilities using CT-scan in Cameroon. The studied variables were: patients age and sex, type of CT-scan examination (cerebral, chest, abdomino-pelvic, lumbar spine), Used of IV contrast (IV﹣/ IV+), acquisition length, time of tube rotation, voltage (kV), mAs, pitch, thickness of slices, CTDIvol and DLP. For each type of examination, at least 30 patients were included per center, consecutively on the randomly predetermined days. The DRL for each type of examination was defined as the 75th percentile of its PDL and CTDIvol. Results: Of the 696 examinations, 41.2% were cerebral, 26.9% abdomino-pelvic, 17.7% lumbar spine and 14.2% chest. The mean age of patients was 52 ± 15 years [20 - 90 years], 58.9% were 50 years and older. The sex-ratio was 1.26 (55.9% males). The CT machines were 4, 8 and 16 multidetectors. The 75th percentile of DLP or DRLs [standard deviation] was: [1150 ± 278 mGy·cm], [770 ± 477 mGy·cm], [720 ± 170 mGy·cm] and [715 ± 187 mGy·cm] respectively for cerebral, lumbar spine, abdominopelvic and chest CT-scans. Taking in consideration the number of detectors, the 75th percentile of the Dose-Length product decreased with the increase number of detectors for cerebral examinations but was the highest with 16 MDCT for the abdominopelvic, lumbar spine and chest CT-scans. For the chest and lumbar spine examinations, there wa

关键词： Optimization Diagnostic Reference Levels Dose Length Product CT Dose Index Patient Dose Radiation Protection Best Practices

Non-Laboring Uterine Rupture of an Unscared Uterus before Term Discover during Obstetric Ultrasound

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2018年第1期7卷 47-54页

作者： mathurin neossi guena Florent Alapha Solène Keutcha Tiodjio Irène Piaple Nganyou Carine Nelie Nde Houmtie Achille Nkigoum Nana Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Imaging Service Ngaoundere Regional Hospital Ngaoundere Cameroon Gyneacology and Obstetrical Service Ngaoundere Regional Hospital Ngaoundere Cameroon

Uterine rupture is defined as the occurrence of communication between the abdominal and uterine cavity and may be complete or incomplete depending on the degree of involvement of the different layers of the uterus and surrounding organs. It is a rare complication whose consequences often involve the maternal and fetal prognosis. The majority of uterine rupture occurs on the scarred uterus, its incidence in France is estimated according to the series between 1/1000 and 1/2000 births, it represents 30% of causes of maternal death in the developing countries. The authors report here a case of uterine rupture outside of labor at 33 weeks of age in 32 years old woman, gravida 9 para 8, with no history of uterine surgery discovered during obstetric ultrasound for abdominal pain. During the interrogation, she was alarge multipara and had a child of 15 months. The abdominal ultrasound showed a right lateral corporeal rupture with hemoperitoneum of medium sized and a dead fetus. The emergency laparotomy revealed a right lateral uterine wound approximately 15 cm long with intra-abdominal placenta and a haemoperitoneum of medium sized of about 600 cc and a bladder lesion. After opening the amniotic sac, there was extraction of a dead fetus. The uterine and bladder lesions were repaired followed by bilateral tubal ligation. The patient received 500 cc of whole blood during and 500 cc after the procedure. The postoperative follow-up was simple. This case contributes to the knowledge of this rare and atypical event, and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a suspicion.

关键词： Uterine Rupture Multiparity Obstetrical Ultrasound Unscarred Uterus Short Interval between Pregnancies Outside of Labor Term

Ultrasound Study of First Trimester Bleeding

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Open Journal of Radiology 2019年第1期9卷 58-68页

作者： mathurin neossi guena Florent Zilbinkai Alapha Doris Christelle Maleu Kemegne Achille Nkigoum Nana Odile Fernande Zeh Joseph Gonsu Fotsing Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Imaging Service Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital Ngaoundéré Cameroon Gyneacology and Obstetrical Service Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital Ngaoundéré Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde Gynaecology Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Objective: Bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy is common and can be a sign of complication that often necessitates obstetric ultrasound for the assessment of the haemorrhage, and of fetal well being. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of first trimester bleeding on obstetrical ultrasound in our area. Method: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study during a six-month period from May to October 2017. All women who referred to the Regional center of medical imaging of Ngaoundere who agreed to participate in the study with first trimester bleeding were evaluated with clinical history and ultrasonography (US). Ultrasonographic exam was done via transabdominal or endovaginal approaches using GE LOGIQ 7 scanner brand. Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and SPHINX V 4.0 were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 121 of pregnant women who presented vaginal bleeding during the first trimester were enrolled into the study. These Ultrasound examinations represented 37.93% of all obstetric ultrasounds in the first trimester. The patients in this study ranged in age from 16 to 47 years with an average of 30 years. 50 (41.32%) were pregnant for the first time and 24 (19.83%) were primiparous. Mean gestational age was 9 weeks with the extremes of 5 and 12 weeks. 97 (80.2%) reported spontaneous bleeding while in 24 (18.8%) bleeding was mostly caused by sexual intercourse 11 (45.8%). Pelvic pain 91 (75.2%) was the most associated sign. 36 (29.8%) patients were diagnosed as threatened abortions. 27 (22.3%) were diagnosed with incomplete abortions. 4 (3.3%) cases showed an ectopic gestation. 9 (7.4%) cases showed complete abortions. Concordance between clinical diagnosis and ultrasound results was 84%. Conclusions: Bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy is common in our area. Ultrasonography occupies a prominent place in the etiological diagnosis of bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy;it is easy to find in most cases a responsible abnormalit

关键词： Bleeding of the First Trimester Pregnancy Ultrasound Etiological Diagnosis