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A robust test for growth hormone doping- present status and future prospects

Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第3期10卷 416-425页

作者： Anne E. nelson Ken K. Ho Pituitary Research Unit Garvan Institute of Medical Research Darlinghurst NSW 2010 Australia

Although doping with growth hormone （GH） is banned, there is anecdotal evidence that it is widely abused. GH is reportedly used often in combination with anabolic steroids at high doses for several months. Development of a robust test for GH has been challenging because recombinant human 22 kDa （22K） GH used in doping is indistinguishable analytically from endogenous GH and there are wide physiological fluctuations in circulating GH concentrations. One approach to GH testing is based on measurement of different circulating GH isoforms using immunoassays that differentiate between 22K and other GH isoforms. Administration of 22K GH results in a change in its abundance relative to other endogenous pituitary GH isoforms. The differential isoform method has been implemented; however, its utility is limited because of the short window of opportunity of detection. The second approach, which will extend the window of opportunity of detection, is based on the detection of increased levels of circulating GH-responsive proteins, such as insulin-like growth factor （IGF） axis and collagen peptides. Age and gender are the major determinants of variability for IGF-I and the collagen markers; therefore, a test based on these markers must take age into account for men and women. Extensive data is now available that validates the GH- responsive marker approach and implementation is now largely dependent on establishing an assured supply of standardized assays. Future directions will include more widespread implementation of both approaches by the World Anti-Doping Agency, possible use of other platforms for measurement and an athlete＇s passport to establish individual reference levels for biological parameters such as GH-responsive markers. Novel approaches include gene expression and proteomic profiling.

关键词： growth hormone doping athletes isoforms growth hormone-responsive markers

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Effects of building aspect ratio,diurnal heating scenario,and wind speed on reactive pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第12期24卷 2091-2103页

作者： nelson Y.O.Tong Dennis Y.C.Leung Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong

A photochemistry coupled computational fluid dynamics （CFD） based numerical model has been developed to model the reactive pollutant dispersion within urban street canyons, particularly integrating the interrelationship among diurnal heating scenario （solar radiation affections in nighttime, daytime, and sun-rise/set）, wind speed, building aspect ratio （building-height-to-street-width）, and dispersion of reactive gases, specifically nitric oxide （NO）, nitrogen dioxide （NO2） and ozone （O3） such that a higher standard of air quality in metropolitan cities can be achieved. Validation has been done with both experimental and numerical results on flow and temperature fields in a street canyon with bottom heating, which justifies the accuracy of the current model. The model was applied to idealized street canyons of different aspect ratios from 0.5 to 8 with two different ambient wind speeds under different diurnal heating scenarios to estimate the influences of different aforementioned parameters on the chemical evolution of NO, NO2 and 03. Detailed analyses of vertical profiles of pollutant concentrations showed that different diurnal heating scenarios could substantially affect the reactive gases exchange between the street canyon and air aloft, followed by respective dispersion and reaction. Higher building aspect ratio and stronger ambient wind speed were revealed to be, in general, responsible for enhanced entrainment of 03 concentrations into the street canyons along windward walls under all diurnal heating scenarios. Comparatively, particular attention can be paid on the windward wall heating and nighttime uniform surface heating scenarios.

关键词： photochemistry reactive pollutant dispersion building aspect ratio diurnal heating scenario wind speed urban streetcanyon

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Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor Applications for Biological Wastewater Treatment： A Review of Research and Developments

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Engineering 2017年第3期3卷 330-342页

作者： Michael J. nelson George Nakhla Jesse Zhu Particle Technology Research Center The University of Western Ontario London ON N6A 5B9 Canada

污水处理是保护环境和人类健康的重要过程。目前,最经济有效的污水处理方法为生物处理法,如运行时间较长的活性污泥法。然而,随着人口的增长,对新型高效污水处理技术的需求越来越迫切,流态化技术虽然已展示出能够提高许多化学与生化处... 详细信息

污水处理是保护环境和人类健康的重要过程。目前,最经济有效的污水处理方法为生物处理法,如运行时间较长的活性污泥法。然而,随着人口的增长,对新型高效污水处理技术的需求越来越迫切,流态化技术虽然已展示出能够提高许多化学与生化处理过程的效率,但尚未在大型污水处理过程中得到广泛的应用。循环流化床生物反应器(CFBBR)污水处理技术的研究始于加拿大西安大略大学,在该技术中,载体颗粒表面会形成一层含细菌与其他微生物的生物膜,并在反应器中呈流化状态;流态化固有的良好混合和质量传递特性,使得该技术在生活污水和工业污水处理过程中均具优势。实验室阶段和中试阶段的研究均证实了CFBBR可去除污水中90%以上的碳源、80%以上的氮源,且污泥产量少于活性污泥法的1/3。由于该技术的高效性,CFBBR还可被用于传统方法难以处理的高有机碳污水处理,且具有占地面积小的优势。同时,CFBBR在动态负荷试验(进水量和进水浓度变化)中也展现了良好的抗冲击和恢复性能。总的来说,CFBBR是一种高效的污水处理方法,可在较短的水力停留时间和较小的反应器体积内处理更多的污水。此外,该反应器的紧凑设计将有助于在偏僻地区建造独立的污水处理系统。

关键词：污水污水生物处理流化床技术生物流化床反应器生物营养物去除生物膜技术生物颗粒高效过程

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肯尼亚股权银行数字化营销策略研究

肯尼亚股权银行数字化营销策略研究

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作者： nelson Mukui Waituika 上海外国语大学

学位级别：硕士

肯尼亚的银行业竞争非常激烈,2020年该行业拥有42家银行,而1960年只有3家银行。该行业更加全球化,客户更加意识到他们所拥有的权力,因此,银行需要通过广告以抢夺市场份额。银行面临着许多挑战,如技术进步、全球化进程和放松管制的挑战... 详细信息

肯尼亚的银行业竞争非常激烈,2020年该行业拥有42家银行,而1960年只有3家银行。该行业更加全球化,客户更加意识到他们所拥有的权力,因此,银行需要通过广告以抢夺市场份额。银行面临着许多挑战,如技术进步、全球化进程和放松管制的挑战。这些挑战迫使银行不断适应变化。这些市场力量结合在一起,为银行创造了激烈的竞争环境。迫使他们适应不断变化的市场条件和消费者需求,因此银行需要在创新和营销策略方面具有创造力,成为市场领导者,以便在消费者的心目中达到并保持首要地位,他们需要建立符合消费者需求并分享其信念的品牌。肯尼亚的银行在1990年代之前不需要营销部门,因为银行很少,每家银行都有一个重点领域,而且银行业受到严格监管,因此不需要推销他们的任何服务,因为没有必要这样做。但自世纪之交以来,营销部门已成为银行业寻求接触客户的中流砥柱。因此,本研究旨在确定影响肯尼亚营销的因素,重点是肯尼亚股权银行。该研究将研究肯尼亚股权银行的营销活动,银行如何进行营销以及银行可以用来接触客户的最有效的营销策略。对30名对研究作出答复的受访者进行了案例研究。使用表格、图形演示和图表对数据进行了分析和呈现。研究结果表明,肯尼亚公平银行正在进行大量营销,特别是通过使用Equity Bank Wings to Fly奖学金计划和向肯尼亚COVID-19基金捐款进行的学术奖学金。董事会,这两个方案为银行提供了通过印刷和广播媒体进行重要营销。这使得潜在客户的接触面增加,客户增长和盈利能力提高。股份制银行增加了营销活动,以更好地参与市场竞争,提高盈利能力,更好的应对日益复杂的市场客户。

关键词：营销 PEST分析数字化转型银行业 Equity Bank Kenya

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Vocal repertoire of the New Zealand kea parrot Nestor notabilis

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 727-740页

作者： Raoul SCHWING Stuart PARSONS Ximena J. nelson School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand

The unique alpine-living kea parrotNestor notabilishas been the focus of numerous cognitive studies, but its communication system has so far been largely neglected. We examined 2,884 calls recorded in New Zealand’s Southern Alps. Based on audio and visual spectrographic differences, these calls were categorised into seven distinct call types: the non-oscillating ‘screech’ contact call and ‘mew’; and the oscillating ‘trill’, ‘chatter’, ‘warble’ and ‘whistle’; and a hybrid ‘screech-trill’. Most of these calls contained aspects that were individually unique, in addition to potentially encoding for an individual’s sex and age. Additionally, for each recording, the sender’s previous and next calls were noted, as well as any response given by conspecifics. We found that the previous and next calls made by the sender were most often of the same type, and that the next most likely preceding and/or following call type was the screech call, a contact call which sounds like the ‘kee-ah’ from which the bird’s name derives. As a social bird capable of covering large distances over visually obstructive terrain, long distance contact calls may be of considerable importance for social cohesion. Contact calls allow kea to locate conspecifics and congregate in temporary groups for social activities. The most likely response to any given call was a screech, usually followed by the same type of call as the initial call made by the sender, although responses differed depending on the age of the caller. The exception was the warble, the kea’s play call, to which the most likely response was another warble. Being the most common call type, as well as the default response to another call, it appears that the ‘contagious’ screech contact call plays a central role in kea vocal communication and social cohesion.

关键词：新西兰鹦鹉初始呼叫曲目联系方式阿尔卑斯山尖叫声认知研究

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Rates and processes affecting As speciation and mobility in lake sediments during aging

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 338-347页

作者： Alan Lock Dirk Wallschlager nelson Belzile Graeme Spiers Celine Gueguen Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program Trent University School of the Environment Department of Chemistry and Water Quality CentreTrent University Department of Chemistry Laurentian University School of the Environment Departments of Earth Sciences and BiologyLaurentian University School of the Environment and Chemistry Department Trent University

Sediments from an arsenic（As） contaminated groundwater vent site were used to investigate As（ Ⅲ） binding, transformation and redistribution in native and iron oxide amended lake sediments using aging spiked batch reactions and a sequential extraction procedure that maintains As（V） and As（ Ⅲ） speciation. In the native sediments, fractionation analysis revealed that 10% of the spiked As（ Ⅲ） remained intact after a 32-day aging experiment and was predominantly adsorbed to the strongly sorbed（NH4H2PO4 extractable） and amorphous Fe oxide bound（H3PO4 extractable） fractions. Kinetic modelling of the experimental results allowed identifying the dominant reaction path for depletion of dissolved As（ Ⅲ） to As（ Ⅲ）absorbed on to the solid phase, followed by oxidation in the solid phase. Arsenite was initially adsorbed primarily to the easily exchangeable fraction（（NH4）2SO4 extractable）, then rapidly transformed into As（V） and redistributed to the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions. Oxidation of As（ Ⅲ） in recalcitrant fractions was less efficient. The iron oxide amendments illustrated the controls that iron oxides can have on As（ Ⅲ） binding and transformation rates. In goethite amended samples As（ Ⅲ） oxidation was faster and primarily occurred in the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions. In these samples,19.3 μg Mn was redistributed（compared to the native sediment） from the easily exchangeable and crystalline Fe oxide bound fractions to the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions, indicating that goethite may act as a catalyst for Mn（Ⅱ） oxidation, thereby producing sorbed Mn（ Ⅲ/Ⅳ ）, which then appears to be involved in rapidly oxidizing As（ Ⅲ）.

关键词： Arsenite Oxidation Fractionation Redistribution Modelling

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Distance assessment of detours by jum ping spiders

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 263-273页

作者： Samuel AGUILAR-ARGUELLO Daniel GERHARD Ximena J.nelson School of Biological Sciences University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand School of Mathem atics and Statistics University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand

To take an indirect route(detour)in order to reach a specific target requires complex cognitive *** more demanding,from the cognitive point of view,is when the goal is only visible at the beginning of the *** spiders from the family Sa lticidae,vision is a key sensory modal-ity mediating navigation and prey *** acute vision allows them to perform complicated detours,possibly as a consequence of the multitude of potential routes in their typically complex 3-dimensional *** used a 4-route choice test,in which routes differed in being either short or long and in the presence or absence of a lure of a prey item,to investigate route assessment in 2 salticid species,Trite planiceps and Marpissa *** both species showed evidence of motivation to follow lured-routes,judging by the number of times they re-oriented toward them while detouring,we found that Trite chose short routes in preference to long routes,but did not prefer the *** contrast,Marpissa exhibited random route choice,although it ori-ented toward lured-routes more often than control routes(lure absent).Our results suggest that decision-making processes about which route to take occurs before embarking on a route,but this is cognitively *** exhibited cognitive limitations in which the lack of visibility of the goal affected ***,the severity of cognitive limitations depended on *** suggest that variability in spatial ability across the Salticidae may be related to the habitat complexity inhabited by each species.

关键词： cognition cognitive limitations decision-making detour behavior Salticidae spatial task

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Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy —A Rare Case of an Encapsulated Tumor

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2022年第4期12卷 130-136页

作者： Tom Osundwa Mary Mungania Safari Paterne nelson Oduor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Kenyatta National and Referral Hospital Nairobi Kenya Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital Nairobi Kenya Department of Surgery University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare benign, locally invasive neoplasm afflicting the infant more often in the craniofacial region. The current understanding is that this tumor’s origin is neural crest cells. The typical presentation is that a rapidly growing non-ulcerated anterior maxillary mass occurs in an infant usually less than six months old. This tumor may involve other areas including the ovaries, epididymis, femur, mandible, and brain. We present that an 8-month-old infant with a maxillary lesion of MNTI appeared encapsulated, which is a hitherto unreported feature. Investigations leading to the diagnosis and the management of the case are also presented. The need to report cases of this rare entity cannot be overemphasized as this will go a long way in adding new knowledge about its biological nature.

关键词： Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor Infancy

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How spiders practice aggressive and Batesian mimicry

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 620-629页

作者： Ximena J. nelson Robert R. JACKSON School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Thomas Odhiambo Campus EO. Box 30 Mbita Point Kenya

To understand communication, the interests of the sender and the receiver/s of signals should be considered separately. When our goal is to understand the adaptive significance of specific responses to specific signals by the receiver, questions about signal information are useful. However, when our goal is to understand the adaptive significance to the sender of generating a signal, it may be better to envisage the receiver’s response to signals as part of the sender’s extended phenotype. By making signals, a sender interfaces with the receiver’s model of the world and indirectly manipulates its behaviour. This is especially clear in cases of mimicry, where animals use deceptive signals that indirectly manipulate the behaviour of receivers. Many animals adopt Batesian mimicry to deceive their predators, or aggressive mimicry to deceive their prey. We review examples from the literature on spiders to illustrate how these phenomena, traditionally thought of as distinct, can become entangled in a web of lies.

关键词：拟态蜘蛛信号接收器练习动物使用欺骗性信号信息响应信号

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Memories of My Early Childhood with Willie nelson

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英语学习 1994年第7期 54-58页

作者： Bobbie nelson 郭燕苹

Our grandmother would wake Willie and rile up in the morn-ing by throwing ice water on us. Mama might call our names onceor twice, but if our feet didn't immediately hit the floor, herewould come this flood of ice water. Usually I would jump out ofbed before the water struck -because I knew it was on its wayand I didn't like it-but some mornings she needed a whole pitch-er of water to get Willie up. Willie says he would have grown up

关键词：威利

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