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The role of ultrasonic bat detectors in improving inventory and monitoring surveys in Vietnamese karst bat assemblages

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Current Zoology 2009年第5期55卷 327-341页

作者： neil M.FUREY Iain J.MACKIE Paul A.RACEY School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen

Bats account for 30% of mammal diversity in SE Asia and are potential bioindicators of wider biodiversity impacts resulting from habitat loss and climate change. As existing sampling techniques in the region typically fail to record bats that habitually fly in open areas and at higher altitudes, current inventory efforts are less than comprehensive. Acoustic sampling with bat detectors may help to overcome these limitations for insectivorous bats, but has yet to be tested in mainland SE Asia. To do so, we sampled bats while simultaneously recording the echolocation calls of insectivorous species commuting and foraging in a variety of karst habitats in north Vietnam. Monitoring of cave-dwelling bats was also undertaken. Discriminant function analysis of 367 echolocation calls produced by 30 insectivorous species showed that acoustic identification was feasible by correctly classifying 89. 1% of calls. In all habitats, acoustic sampling and capture methods recorded significantly more species each night than capture methods alone. Capture methods consequently failed to record 29% （ten spp. of aerial insectivores） of the bat fauna in commuting and foraging habitats and 11% （two spp. ） of that in our cave sample. Only four of these species were subsequently captured following significantly greater sampling effort. This strongly suggests that acoustic methods are indispensable for maximizing bat inventory completeness in SE Asia. As accurate inventories and monitoring are essential for effective species conservation, we recommend the inclusion of acoustic sampling in future studies of bat assemblages across the region [ Current Zoology 55 （5）： 327 - 341, 2009].

关键词： Bats Echolocation Inventory completeness Karst Vietnam

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Physical activity,physical fitness,diet and the health in young people

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2012年第3期1卷 129-130页

作者： neil Armstrong Sulin Cheng J.Larry Durstine Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre University of Exeter Department of Health Sciences University of Jyvaskyld Department of Exercise Science The University of South Carolina

The beneficial effects of appropriate physical activity(PA), physical fitness,and diet during adult life are well-documented but the potential of appropriate PA,physical fitness,and diet to confer benefits on health and well-being during childhood and adolescence has not been explored *** the value of critical reviews of the extant literature in providing a foundation for future research,the Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS) has commissioned two Special Issues

关键词： fitness childhood young extant providing confer de

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Children’s physical activity and health—Chronic disease in children and young adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2013年第1期2卷 1-2页

作者： J.Larry Durstine neil Armstrong Sulin Cheng Department of Exercise Science The University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre University of ExeterExeter EX4 4QJUK Department of Health Sciences University of JyvskyFIN-40014 JyvskylFinland

The previous Special Issue was devoted to physical activity (PA),physical fitness,diet,and health in young *** content of this second Special Issue will focus on PA and chronic disease in children and young adults. The first paper written by Durstine et *** the problem of chronic diseases becoming a public health concern worldwide with estimates of trillions of dollais in annual health care costs and causing more than 36 million deaths a year.

关键词：慢性疾病年轻人儿童健康身体 PA

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Acid-insoluble ash is a better indigestible marker than chromic oxide to measure apparent total tract digestibility in pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 64-71页

作者： Susanto Prawirodigdo neil J.Gannon Brian J.Leury Frank R.Dunshea Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Central Java SemarangCentral Java50552Indonesia Biomin Singapore PO Box 2419ToowoombaQLD4350Australia Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUnited Kingdom

The aim of this study was to determine the apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of nutrients in cottonseed meal(CSM)and soybean meal(SBM)in simple carbohydrate and more complex wheat-based diets using 2 indigestible markers and total faecal ***-five Large White×Landrace boars(57.8 kg)were randomly allocated to either a pure wheat diet,40%CSM or SBM in either a sugar-starch-(1∶1)or wheat-based diet for 18 ***-insoluble ash(AIA)and chromic oxide(Cr2O3)were included in all diets as indigestible *** were offered(1,800 g/d per pig)in 3 meals/d from d 1 to 11 and 8 meals/d from d 12 to *** d 9,the pigs were moved to individual metabolism cages to allow total faecal *** d 18,the pigs were fed hourly for 8 *** the 8th meal,pigs were anaesthetized and digesta sampled from the terminal ileum and rectum before lethal *** were no differences between ATTD of nitrogen(N)determined using AIA as a marker and measured by total faecal *** the other hand,the ATrD of N of diets containing CSM in sugar-starch-or wheat-based diets and the pure wheat diet determined using Cr2O3 as a marker was less(-3.11%,-4.46%and-6.59%;P

关键词： Organic matter Pig Wheat Cottonseed meal Soybean meal Digestibility Nitrogen

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Young people are fit and active——Fact or fiction?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2012年第3期1卷 131-140,194页

作者： neil Armstrong Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre University of Exeter

This paper analyses young people's habitual physical activity(HPA) and aerobic fitness(AF) in relation to health and well-being,with reference to previous *** consistently show that more boys than girls experience health-related physical activity(PA) and that both genders experience a decline in HPA during *** majority of young people(～60%-75%) do not meet the requirements of current health-related PA guidelines but youth HPA appears to have stabilised over the last two *** it does not describe all aspects of AF, peak oxygen uptake(peak VO_2) is recognised as the best single measure of *** VO_2 is enhanced with age,growth and maturation with increases of～150%and～80%in boys and girls respectively from 8 to 16 ***' values are higher than those of girls throughout childhood and adolescence with the gender difference reaching～35% by age 16 *** is no compelling evidence to suggest that young people have low levels of peak VO_2 or that they are less aerobically fit than children of previous *** the relative stability of peak VO_2 there has been a decline of～13%over the last 35 years in young people's ability to perform maximal aerobic exercise which involves the transport of body *** their daily lives young people very rarely experience PA of the intensity and duration to enhance AF and peak VO_2 is, at best,only weakly related to current levels of HPA during *** levels of HPA and a marked secular decline in maximal aerobic performance remain major issues in the promotion of youth health and well-being.

关键词： Adolescents Aerobic fitness Children Health and well-being Physical activity

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Osteoporosis affects both post-yield microdamage accumulation and plasticity degradation in vertebra of ovariectomized rats

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2017年第2期33卷 267-273页

作者： Siwei Li Guodong Niu neil X. Dong Xiaodu Wang Zhongjun Liu Chunli Song Huijie Leng Department of Orthopedics Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China Department of Orthopedics Ansteel Group HospitalAnshan 114003 China Beijing Key Lab of Spine Diseases Beijing 100191 China Department of Health and Kinesiology University of Texas at Tyler Tyler TX 75799 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78249 USA

Estrogen withdrawal in postmenopausal women increases bone loss and bone fragility in the vertebra. Bone loss with osteoporosis not only reduces bone mineral density (BMD), but actually alters bone quality, which can be comprehensively represented by bone post-yield behaviors. This study aimed to provide some information as to how osteoporosis induced by estrogen depletion could influence the evolution of post-yield microdamage accumulation and plastic deformation in vertebral bodies. This study also tried to reveal the part of the mechanisms of how estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis would increase the bone fracture risk. A rat bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) model was used to induce osteoporosis. Progressive cyclic compression loading was developed for vertebra testing to elucidate the post-yield behaviors. BMD, bone volume fraction, stiffness degradation, and plastic deformation evolution were compared among rats raised for 5 weeks (ovx5w and sham5w groups) and 35 weeks (ovx35w and sham35w groups) after sham surgery and OVX. The results showed that a higher bone loss in vertebral bodies corresponded to lower stiffness and higher plastic deformation. Thus, osteoporosis could increase the vertebral fracture risk probably through microdamage accumulation and plastic deforming degradation.

关键词： Osteoporosis Bone mineral density Vertebral body Post-yield Microdamage Plasticity

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A Relocation-based Initialization Scheme to Improve Track-forecasting of Tropical Cyclones

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第1期31卷 27-36页

作者： GAO Feng Peter P. CHILDS Xiang-Yu HUANG neil A. JACOBS Jinzhong MIN Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology National Center for Atmospheric Research Panasonic Avionics Corporation Morrisville Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of the Ministry of Education

A relocation procedure to initialize tropical cyclones was developed to improve the representation of the initial conditions and the track forecast for Panasonic Weather Solutions Tropical Operational Forecasts. This scheme separates the vortex perturbation and environment field from the first guess, then relocates the initial vortex perturbations to Lhe observed position by merging them with the environment field. The relationships of wind vector components with stream function and velocity potential are used for separating the vortex disturbance from first guess. For the separation of scalars, a low-pass Barnes filter is employed. The irregular-shaped relocation area corresponding to the specific initial conditions is determined by mapping the edge of the vortex radius in 36 ***, the non-vortex perturbations in the relocation area are removed by a two-pass Barnes filter to retain the vortex perturbations, while the variable fields outside the perimeter of the modified vortex are kept *** to the original first guess. The potential impacts of this scheme on track forecasts were examined for three hurricane cases in the 2011-12 hurricane season. The experimental results demonstrate that the initialization scheme is able to effectively separate the vortex field from the environment field and maintain a relatively balanced and accurate relocated first guess. As the initial track error is reduced, the following track forecasts are considerably improved. The 72-h average track forecast error was redu,~ed by 32.6% for the cold-start cases, and by 38.4% when using the full-cycling data assimilation because of the accumulatedL improvements from the initialization scheme.

关键词： tropical cyclone vortex relocation data assimilation Barnes filtering

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Nutrition in alcohol-related liver disease:Physiopathology and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第22期26卷 2916-2930页

作者： Umair Kamran Jennifer Towey Amardeep Khanna Abhishek Chauhan neil Rajoriya Andrew Holt The Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of Dietetics Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Centre for Liver Research Institute of Immunology and Inflammationand National Institute for Health Research(NIHR)Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreThe Medical SchoolUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Malnutrition encompassing both macro-and micro-nutrient deficiency,remains one of the most frequent complications of alcohol-related liver disease(ArLD).Protein-energy malnutrition can cause significant complications including sarcopenia,frailty and immunodepression in cirrhotic *** reduces patient’s survival and negatively affects the quality of life of individuals with ***,nutritional deficit increases the likelihood of hepatic decompensation in *** recognition of at-risk individuals,early diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition remains a key component of ArLD *** this review,we describe the pathophysiology of malnutrition in ArLD,review the screening tools available for nutritional assessment and discuss nutritional management strategies relevant to the different stages of ArLD,ranging from acute alcoholic hepatitis through to decompensated end stage liver disease.

关键词： Malnutrition Sarcopenia Alcohol-related liver disease Nutritional assessment Nutrition support Micronutrients

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Micro-optical fabrication by ultraprecision diamond machining and precision molding

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第2期12卷 181-192页

作者： Likai LI neil J. NAPLES Jeffrey W. ROBLEE Allen Y. YI Department of Integrated System Engineering The Ohio StateUniversity Columbus OH 43210 USA Nistica Inc. Bridgewater NJ 08807 USA Ametek Precitech Keene NH 03431 USA

Ultraprecision diamond machining and high volume molding for affordable high precision high performance optical elements are becoming a viable process in optical industry for low cost high quality microoptical component manufacturing. In this process, first high precision microoptical molds are fabricated using ultraprecision single point diamond machining followed by high volume production methods such as compression or injection molding. In the last two decades, there have been steady improvements in ultraprecision machine design and performance, particularly with the introduction of both slow tool and fast tool servo. Today optical molds, including freeform surfaces and microlens arrays, are routinely diamond machined to final finish without post machining polishing. For consumers, compression mold- ing or injection molding provide efficient and high quality optics at extremely low cost. In this paper, first ultrapreci- sion machine design and machining processes such as slow tool and fast too servo are described then both compression molding and injection molding of polymer optics are discussed. To implement precision optical manufacturing by molding, numerical modeling can be included in the future as a critical part of the manufacturing process to ensure high product quality.

关键词： ultraprecision machining slow tool servo fast tool servo compression molding injection molding,microlens arrays optical fabrication

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Transanal total mesorectal excision:a valid option for rectal cancer?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第41期21卷 11700-11708页

作者： Nicolas C Buchs Gary A Nicholson Frederic Ris neil J Mortensen Roel Hompes Department of Colorectal Surgery Churchill Hospital Oxford University Hospitals Division of Visceral Surgery Department of Surgery University Hospitals of Geneva Nuffield Department of Surgical Science University of Oxford John Radcliffe Hospital

Low anterior resection can be a challenging operation, especially in obese male patients and in particular after radiotherapy. Transanal total mesorectal excision(Ta TME) might offer technical advantages over laparoscopic or open approaches particularly for tumors in the distal third of the rectum. The aim of this article is to review the current experience with Ta TME. The limits and future developments are also explored. Although the experience with Ta TME is still limited, it might be a promising alternative to laparoscopic TME, especially for difficult cases where laparoscopy is too demanding. The preliminary data on complications and short-term oncological outcomes are good, but also emphasize the importance of careful patient selection. Finally, there is a need for large-scale trials focusing on long-term outcomes and oncological safety before widespread adoption can be recommended.

关键词： Transanal Bottom up Transanal minimally invasive s

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