检索结果-南通市图书馆

Narrative minireview of the spatial epidemiology of substance use disorder in the United States:Who is at risk and where?

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第11期11卷 2374-2385页

作者： Diego F Cuadros Adam J Branscum Claudia M Moreno neil J mackinnon Digital Futures University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45206United States Department of Biostatistics Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331United States Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States Department of Population Health Sciences Augusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912United States

Drug overdose is the leading cause of death by injury in the United *** incidence of substance use disorder(SUD)in the United States has increased steadily over the past two decades,becoming a major public health problem for the *** drivers of the SUD epidemic in the United States have changed over time,characterized by an initial heroin outbreak between 1970 and 1999,followed by a painkiller outbreak,and finally by an ongoing synthetic opioid *** nature and sources of these abused substances reveal striking differences in the socioeconomic and behavioral factors that shape the drug ***,the geospatial distribution of the SUD epidemic is not *** United States has specific locations where vulnerable communities at high risk of SUD are concentrated,reaffirming the multifactorial socioeconomic nature of this epidemic.A better understanding of the SUD epidemic under a spatial epidemiology framework is necessary to determine the factors that have shaped its spread and how these patterns can be used to predict new outbreaks and create effective mitigation *** narrative minireview summarizes the current records of the spatial distribution of the SUD epidemic in the United States across different periods,revealing some spatiotemporal patterns that have preceded the occurrence of *** analyzing the epidemic of SUD-related deaths,we also describe the epidemic behavior in areas with high incidence of ***,we describe public health interventions that can be effective for demographic groups,and we discuss future challenges in the study and control of the SUD epidemic in the country.

关键词： Substance use disorder Spatial epidemiology Risk factors Spatial statistics Disease mapping

Laser-induced hierarchical carbon patterns on polyimide substrates for flexible urea sensors

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

npj Flexible Electronics 2019年第1期3卷 31-41页

作者： Emil R.Mamleyev Stefan Heissler Alexei Nefedov Peter G.Weidler Nurdiana Nordin Vladislav V.Kudryashov Kerstin Länge neil mackinnon Swati Sharma Institute of Microstructure Technology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Institute of Nuclear Physics Ibragimova St.1050032 AlmatyKazakhstan

Thermochemical decomposition of organic materials under heat-treatment in the absence of oxygen,known as the pyrolysis process,is often employed to convert micro and nano patterned polymers into carbon structures,which are subsequently used as device *** is performed at≥900℃,which entails substrate materials with a high thermal stability that excludes flexible,polymeric *** use optimized laser radiation to pattern graphitic carbon structures onto commercially available polyimide(Kapton)sheets in the micrometer to millimeter scale by inducing a localized,rapid pyrolysis,for the fabrication of flexible *** laser carbon films are electrically conductive and exhibit a high-surface area with a hierarchical porosity distribution along their *** material is obtained using various combinations of laser parameters and pyrolysis environment(oxygen-containing and inert).Extensive characterization of laser carbon is performed to understand the correlation between the material properties and laser parameters,primarily fluence and power.A photothermal carbonization mechanism based on the plume formation is ***,laser carbon is used for the fabrication of enzymatic,pH-based urea sensors using two approaches:(i)direct urease enzyme immobilization onto carbon and(ii)electrodeposition of an intermediate chitosan layer prior to urease *** flexible sensor is tested for quantitative urea detection down to 10^(−4) M concentrations,while a qualitative,color-indicative test is performed on a folded sensor placed inside a tube to demonstrate its compatibility with *** carbon is suitable for a variety of other flexible electronics and sensors,can be conveniently integrated with an external circuitry,heating elements,and with other microfabrication techniques such as fluidic platforms.

关键词： millimeter hierarchical pyrolysis

The synthesis of polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs)

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China Chemistry 2017年第8期60卷 1023-1032页

作者： neil B.McKeown School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3F J U

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity （PIMs） are a class of porous organic polymer （POP） that form microporous solids due to the inefficient packing of their rigid and contorted macromolecular chains. In contrast to other types of POP, PIMs are not comprised of a network of cross-linked covalent bonds so that they can be dissolved in organic solvents and processed into robust films, coatings or fibres. Here, over twelve years＇ accumulated research on the synthesis of PIMs is reviewed. To date, three types of polymerisation reaction have been used successfully to prepare PIMs of sufficient molecular mass to form robust self-standing films. These involve the formation of dibenzodioxin, Tr6ger＇s base and imide linkages between monomeric units. This rapid development of synthetic methods for preparing PIMs has been driven by their rich potential for numerous diverse applications and this synergistic relationship between synthesis and functionality is set to continue.

关键词： polymers of intrinsic microporosity synthesis porous organic polymers

Gamma-ray bursts in the swift-Fermi era

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of physics 2013年第6期8卷 661-678页

作者： neil Gehrels Soebur Razzaque Astrophysics Science Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 USA Resident at Space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 USA

Gamma-ray bursts （GRBs） are among the most violent occurrences in the universe. They are pow- erful explosions, visible to high redshift, and thought to be the signature of black hole birth. They are highly luminous events and provide excellent probes of the distant universe. GRB research has greatly advanced over the past 10 years with the results from Swift, Fermi and an active followup community. In this review we survey the interplay between these recent observations and the theoretical models of the prompt GRB emission and the subsequent afterglows.

关键词： gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) Swift Fermi

Relative abundance of American badger (Taxidea taxus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in landscapes with high and low rodenticide poisoning levels

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2012年第1期7卷 41-47页

作者： Gilbert PROULX neil MacKENZIE Alpha Wildlife Research&Management Sherwood ParkAlbertaCanada

Over the past decade,extensive poisoning campaigns have been conducted in southern Saskatchewan to control Richardson’s ground squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii(Sabine,1822)*** campaigns might impact on predator abundance by decreasing prey levels,and also through secondary *** spotlighting,we investigated the relative abundance of American badgers Taxidea taxus(Schreber,1777)and red fox Vulpes vulpes(Linnaeus,1758)in 2 study areas with road access and crops,but with different levels of *** the study area with relatively low poisoning(19.6%of the area traversed by roads),there were 2.2 times more American badgers per km of road and 6.4 times more red foxes per km than in the study area with high poisoning(89.7%of the area).It is recommended that an Integrated Pest Management program be developed to conserve natural predators across landscapes.

关键词： ground squirrels poisoning populations predators

Herb-Induced Liver Injury: A Global Concern

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第9期24卷 643-644页

作者： neil Kaplowitz USC Research Center for Liver Disease USC Keck School of Medicine

Chinese medicine and herb medicine though used to treat liver diseases are an important cause of liver injury. Many phytochemicals have the potential to injure the liver, some in a dose-related fashion and more often in an idiosyncratic fashion, meaning occurrence is uncommon to rare in the population using these treatments. As is the case with pharmaceuticals, the phytochemicals are usually tolerated despite either no or mild transient subclinical injury but rarely in some susceptible patients cause moderate to severe liver injury which is likely mediated by the adaptive immune system.

关键词： herb-induced liver injury diagnosis and management guideline Chinese medicine

Multimodality treatment of potentially curative gastric cancer: Geographical variations and future prospects

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 12892-12899页

作者： neil D Merrett Discipline of Surgery School of Medicine University Of Western Sydney Penrith NSW 2751 Australia Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Sydney South West Local Health District Liverpool NSW 2170 Australia

After much controversy, multimodality therapy is now accepted worldwide as the gold standard for treatment of resectable bulky localized gastric cancer. There is significant regional variation in the style of multimodality treatment with adjuvant chemoradiation the North American standard, neoadjuvant chemotherapy preferred in Europe and Australasia, whilst adjuvant chemotherapy is preferred in Asia. With further standardization of surgery and D1+/D2 resections increasingly accepted world wide, and in particular in the West, as the surgical standard of care for potentially curable disease, it is timely to reassess the multimodality regimes being used. The challenge in the use of multimodality therapy is how current outcomes can be standardized and improved further. Recent studies indicate that mere intensification of the regime in time, dosage or addition of further agents does not improve localized gastric cancer outcomes. More novel strategies including early commencement of adjuvant therapies, intra-peritoneal chemotherapy or assessing neoadjuvant response with positron emission tomography scanning may give improvements in outcomes. The introduction of targeted therapies means that the adjuvant use of biological agents needs to be explored. By proper assessment of the patient’s co-morbidities, full tumour staging, and a better understanding of the tumour’s molecular pathology, multimodality therapy for gastric adenocarcinoma may be individualized to optimize the likelihood of cure.

关键词： Gastric cancer Gastrectomy Multimodality Adjuvant treatment Neoadjuvant Targeted therapy Human epidermal growth factor receptor

The effects of acquired paternal obesity on the next generation

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 195-196页

作者： neil A Youngson Emma Whitelaw Queensland Institute of Medical Research 300 HerstonRoad Herston Brisbane 4006 Australia

It is well established that the health of mothers can influence the health of theiroffspring, i ms can occur as a result or me transfer of viruses or toxins via the placenta or the milk, a compromised nutrient supply to the embryo or abnormal behavioural inter- actions between mother and offspring） However, examples of paternal health affecting the next generation are rare.

关键词： Neurophysiology Learning and memory

Historical overview and review of current day treatment in the management of acute variceal haemorrhage

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第21期20卷 6481-6494页

作者： neil Rajoriya Dhiraj Tripathi Department of Hepatology The New Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B15 2THUnited Kingdom

Variceal haemorrhage is one of the most devastating consequences of portal hypertension, with a 1-year mortality of 40%. With the passage of time, acute management strategies have developed with improved survival. The major historical treatment landmarks in the management of variceal haemorrhage can be divided into surgical, medical, endoscopic and radiological breakthroughs. We sought to provide a historical overview of the management of variceal haemorrhage and how treatment modalities over time have impacted on clinical outcomes. A PubMed search of the following terms: portal hypertension, variceal haemorrhage, gastric varices, oesophageal varices, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was performed. To complement this, Google™ was searched with the aforementioned terms. Other relevant references were identified after review of the reference lists of articles. The review of therapeutic advances was conducted divided into pre-1970s, 1970/80s, 1990s, 2000-2010 and post-2010. Also, a summary and review on the pathophysiology of portal hypertension and clinical outcomes in variceal haemorrhage was performed. Aided by the development of endoscopic therapies, medication and improved radiological interventions; the management of variceal haemorrhage has changed over recent decades with improved survival from an often-terminating event in recent past.

关键词： Variceal haemorrhage Oesophageal varices Gastric varices Portal hypertension