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手部毁损伤的保肢决策——十个问题

中华显微外科杂志 2021年第1期44卷 4-10页

作者： neil F.jones 加州大学洛杉矶分校

外科医生在处理上肢或下肢毁损伤时,有10个问题需考虑。其中最关键的问题是保肢还是截肢,同时也需强调清创这一重要因素。外科医生若能考虑到这10个问题并给出肯定的答案,就可能成功保肢,并有条理地重建一个有功能的手和上肢。

关键词：上肢手毁损伤保肢截肢

Weak mismatch epitaxy and structural feedback in graphene growth on copper foil

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Nano Research 2013年第2期6卷 99-112页

作者： neil R. Wilson Alexander j. Marsden Mohammed Saghir Catherine j. Bromley Renald Schaub Giovanni Costantini Thomas W. White Cerianne Partridge Alexei Barinov Pavel Dudin Ana M. Sanchez james j. Mudd Marc Walker Gavin R. Bell Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK Sincrotrone Trieste S.Cp.A. Area Science Park 1-34012 Basovizza Trieste Italy

Graphene growth by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition on low cost copper foils shows great promise for large scale applications. It is known that the local crystallography of the foil influences the graphene growth rate. Here we find an epitaxial relationship between graphene and copper foil. Interfacial restructuring between graphene and copper drives the formation of （nl0） facets on what is otherwise a mostly Cu（100） surface, and the facets in turn influence the graphene orientations from the onset of growth. Angle resolved photoemission shows that the electronic structure of the graphene is decoupled from the copper indicating a weak interaction between them. Despite this, two preferred orientations of graphene are found, ±8° from the Cu[010] direction, creating a non-uniform distribution of graphene grain boundary misorientation angles. Comparison with the model system of graphene growth on single crystal Cu（110） indicates that this orientational alignment is due to mismatch epitaxy. Despite the differences in symmetry the orientation of the graphene is defined by that of the copper. We expect these observations to not only have importance for controlling and understanding the growth process for graphene on copper, but also to have wider implications for the growth of two-dimensional materials on low cost metal substrates.

关键词： graphene chemical vapordeposition mismatch epitaxy structural feedback low energy electrondiffraction angle resolvedphoto-emissionspectroscopy (ARPES)

Leveraging off higher plant phylogenetic insights for antiplasmodial drug discovery

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2023年第1期13卷 382-399页

作者： Phanankosi Moyo Luke Invernizzi Sephora M.Mianda Wiehan Rudolph Warren A.Andayi Mingxun Wang neil R.Crouch Vinesh j.Maharaj Biodiscovery Center Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPrivate Bag X 20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa Department of Physical and Biological Sciences Murang’a University of TechnologyMurang’aKenya Computer Science and Engineering University of California Riverside900 University AveRiversideCA 92521USA Biodiversity Research and Monitoring Directorate South African National Biodiversity InstituteBerea RoadP.O.Box 52099Durban 4007South Africa School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4041South Africa

The antimalarial drug-resistance conundrum which threatens to reverse the great strides taken to curb the malaria scourge warrants an urgent need to find novel chemical scaffolds to serve as templates for the development of new antimalarial *** represent a viable alternative source for the discovery of unique potential antiplasmodial chemical *** expedite the discovery of new antiplasmodial compounds from plants,the aim of this study was to use phylogenetic analysis to identify higher plant orders and families that can be rationally prioritised for antimalarial drug *** queried the PubMed database for publications documenting antiplasmodial properties of natural compounds isolated from higher ***,we manually collated compounds reported along with plant species of origin and relevant pharmacological *** systematically assigned antiplasmodial-associated plant species into recognised families and orders,and then computed the resistance index,selectivity index and physicochemical properties of the compounds from each taxonomic *** the generated phylogenetic trees and the biological data of each clade allowed for the identification of 3‘hot’plant orders and *** top 3 ranked plant orders were the(i)Caryophyllales,(ii)Buxales,and(iii)*** top 3 ranked plant families were the(i)Ancistrocladaceae,(ii)Simaroubaceae,and(iii)*** highly active natural compounds(IC_(50)≤1μM)isolated from these plant orders and families are structurally unique to the‘legacy’antimalarial *** study was able to identify the most prolific taxa at order and family rank that we propose be prioritised in the search for potent,safe and drug-like antimalarial molecules.

关键词： Natural products Plants Phylogenetics Malaria Drug-resistance ‘Hot’plants

Immunoregulatory polysaccharides from Apocynum venetum *** stimulate phagocytosis and cytokine expression via activating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第4期11卷 806-814页

作者： Honglin Wang Changyang Ma Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse jinmei Wang Geoffrey Ivan neil Waterhouse Wenyi Kang National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center Kaifeng 475004China School of Chemical Sciences University of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand joint International Research Laboratory of Food&Medicine Resource Function Kaifeng 475004China

Two immunomodulatory polysaccharides(Vp2a-Ⅱ and Vp3) were isolated and identified from Apocynum venetum L. flowers, and their innate immune-stimulating functions and working mechanisms were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. Both the level of released nitric oxide(NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) m RNA were significantly enhanced in the RAW264.7 macrophages cells treated by Vp2a-Ⅱ and Vp3. Vp2a-Ⅱ(100–800 μg/m L) and Vp3(400 μg/mL) could significantly increase the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells and the secretion and m RNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in a concentrationdependent manner through affecting mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) activity and nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) nuclear translocation. Vp2a-Ⅱ might activate the MAPK signaling pathways and induce the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, whilst Vp3 likely activated the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways without influencing the p38 MAPK route.

关键词： Apocynum venetum L.flowers Immunomodulatory polysaccharide RAW264.7 cells NF-κB signaling pathway MAPK signaling pathway

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代谢综合征患者的治疗途径:改变生活方式

中华高血压杂志 2006年第11期14卷 927-930页

作者： neil j.Stone David Saxon

当前美国人的膳食特点是:高热量、高饱和脂肪、高胆固醇。鉴于摄入饱和脂肪在高胆固醇血症乃至冠脉疾病死亡率提高中所起的关键作用,几十年来政府组织一直建议限制饱和脂肪摄入。国家胆固醇教育计划和美国心脏协会(AHA)推荐摄入能量中... 详细信息

当前美国人的膳食特点是:高热量、高饱和脂肪、高胆固醇。鉴于摄入饱和脂肪在高胆固醇血症乃至冠脉疾病死亡率提高中所起的关键作用,几十年来政府组织一直建议限制饱和脂肪摄入。国家胆固醇教育计划和美国心脏协会(AHA)推荐摄入能量中饱和脂肪应<7%,脂肪应<30%。由于认识到高不饱和脂肪、低碳水化合物饮食对部分人群有好处,2001年的ATPⅢ报告将脂肪占摄入能量的比例放宽为25%－35%。Willet和Leibel对持续超过1年的随机膳食试验进行分析后得出结论,脂肪摄入对机体肥胖即便有影响,也是很轻微的。他们还提到:大量减少膳食中总脂肪摄入,可能增加而非减少肥胖发病率。[第一段]

关键词：代谢综合征生活方式国家胆固醇教育计划不饱和脂肪高胆固醇血症膳食特点脂肪摄入

Searching for a route to synthesize in situ epitaxial Pr_(2)Ir_(2)O_(7) thin films with thermodynamic methods

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1320-1325页

作者： Lu Guo Shun-Li Shang neil Campbell Paul G.Evans Mark Rzchowski Zi-Kui Liu Chang-Beom Eom Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA

In situ growth of pyrochlore iridate thin films has been a long-standing challenge due to the low reactivity of Ir at low temperatures and the vaporization of volatile gas species such as IrO_(3)(g)and IrO_(2)(g)at high temperatures and high PO_(2).To address this challenge,we combine thermodynamic analysis of the Pr-Ir-O_(2)system with experimental results from the conventional physical vapor deposition(PVD)technique of *** results indicate that only high growth temperatures yield films with crystallinity sufficient for utilizing and tailoring the desired topological electronic properties and the in situ synthesis of Pr_(2)Ir_(2)O_(7)thin films is fettered by the inability to grow with PO_(2)on the order of 10 Torr at high temperatures,a limitation inherent to the PVD ***,we suggest techniques capable of supplying high partial pressure of key species during deposition,in particular chemical vapor deposition(CVD),as a route to synthesis of Pr_(2)Ir_(2)O_(7).

关键词： process thermodynamic synthesis

Prioritised identification of structural classes of natural products from higher plants in the expedition of antimalarial drug discovery

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2023年第1期13卷 348-367页

作者： Phanankosi Moyo Luke Invernizzi Sephora M.Mianda Wiehan Rudolph Andrew W.Andayi Mingxun Wang neil R.Crouch Vinesh j.Maharaj Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesBiodiscovery CenterUniversity of PretoriaPrivate Bag X 20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa Department of Physical and Biological Sciences Murang’a University of Technology Murang’aMurang’aKenya Computer Science and Engineering University of California Riverside900 University AveRiversideCA 92521USA Biodiversity Research and Monitoring Directorate South African National Biodiversity InstituteBerea RoadP.O.Box 52099Durban 4007South Africa School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4041South Africa

The emergence and spread of drug-recalcitrant Plasmodium falciparum parasites threaten to reverse the gains made in the fight against *** measures need to be taken to curb this impending *** higher plant-derived sesquiterpene,quinoline alkaloids,and naphthoquinone natural product classes of compounds have previously served as phenomenal chemical scaffolds from which integral antimalarial drugs were *** successes serve as an inspiration for the continued investigation of plant-derived natural products compounds in search of novel molecular templates from which new antimalarial drugs could be *** aim of this study was to identify potential chemical scaffolds for malaria drug discovery following analysis of historical data on phytochemicals screened in vitro against *** identify these novel scaffolds,we queried an in-house manually curated database of plant-derived natural product compounds and their in vitro biological *** products were assigned to different structural classes using *** identify the most promising chemical scaffolds,we then correlated natural compound class with bioactivity and other data,namely(i)potency,(ii)resistance index,(iii)selectivity index and(iv)physicochemical *** used an unbiased scoring system to rank the different natural product classes based on the assessment of their bioactivity *** this analysis we identified the top-ranked natural product pathway as the *** top three ranked super classes identified were(i)pseudoalkaloids,(ii)naphthalenes and(iii)tyrosine alkaloids and the top five ranked classes(i)quassinoids(of super class triterpenoids),(ii)steroidal alkaloids(of super class pseudoalkaloids)(iii)cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids(of super class triterpenoids)(iv)isoquinoline alkaloids(of super class tyrosine alkaloids)and(v)naphthoquinones(of super class naphthalenes).Launched chemical space of these identified classes of compou

关键词： Natural products Compound classes Phytochemicals Plasmodium falciparum Antiplasmodial drug resistance Malaria Drug development

A bio-inspired O2-tolerant catalytic CO2 reduction electrode

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Science Bulletin 2019年第24期64卷 1890-1895页

作者： Xu Lu Zhan jiang Xiaolei Yuan Yueshen Wu Richard Malpass-Evans Yiren Zhong Yongye Liang neil BMcKeown Hailiang Wang Department of Chemistry Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Energy Sciences Institute Yale UniversityWest HavenCT 06516USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materiab and DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China EastChem School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93FJUK

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to give CO in the presence of O2 would allow the direct valorization of flue gases from fossil fuel combustion and of CO2 captured from air. However, it is a challenging task because O2 reduction is thermodynamically favored over that of CO2. 5% O2 in CO2 near catalyst surface is sufficient to completely inhibit the CO2 reduction reaction. Here we report an O2-tolerant catalytic CO2 reduction electrode inspired by part of the natural photosynthesis unit. The electrode comprises of heterogenized cobalt phthalocyanine molecules serving as the cathode catalyst with >95% Faradaic efficiency(FE) for CO2 reduction to CO coated with a polymer of intrinsic microporosity that works as a CO2-selective layer with a CO2/O2 selectivity of $20. Integrated into a flow electrolytic cell, the hybrid electrode operating with a CO2 feed gas containing 5% O2 exhibits a FECOof 75.9% with a total current density of 27.3 mA/cm^2 at a cell voltage of 3.1 V. A FECO of 49.7% can be retained when the O2 fraction increases to 20%. Stable operation for 18 h is demonstrated. The electrochemical performance and O2 tolerance can be further enhanced by introducing cyano and nitro substituents to the phthalocyanine ligand.

关键词： Electrochemical CO2 reduction O2 tolerance Gas separation Polymer of intrinsic microporosity Cooperative catalysis

Unilateral Fimbria/Fornix Transection Prevents the Synaptoplastic Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone in the Hippocampus of Female, but Not Male, Rats

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2013年第3期4卷 134-139页

作者： Ari L. Mendell neil j. MacLusky Csaba Leranth Department of Biomedical Sciences Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph Canada Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences Yale University School of Medicine New Haven USA

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the most abundant adrenal androgen in primates, is also synthesized from cholesterol in the brain. Like testosterone, DHEA induces spine synapse formation in the hippocampus. In female rats, this response is blocked by co-administration of an inhibitor of aromatase, the enzyme responsible for estrogen biosynthesis. In males, by contrast, the hippocampal synaptic response to DHEA is unaffected by treatment with an aromatase inhibitor. We hypothesized that this sex difference might reflect differential dependence of the hippocampal responses on subcortical afferents from the basal forebrain. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of unilateral fimbria/ fornix transection (FFX) on DHEA-induced synapse formation in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) hippocampal subfield of gonadectomized female and male rats. In ovariectomized females, CA1 spine synapse density after DHEA treatment was reduced by more than 60% ipsilateral to FFX. In males, however, unilateral FFX transection had no effect on spine synapse density after DHEA treatment. These results suggest that sex differences in the dependence on local estrogen biosynthesis of the CA1 synaptic response to androgen may at least in part be the result of sex differences in the relative contributions of afferents to the hippocampus from the basal forebrain.

关键词： Dehydroepiandrosterone Subcortical Mediation Synaptic Plasticity Hippocampus Sex Differences