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Principles for Designing new Types of Housing for a Strong and resilient Local Economy in the republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第1期14卷 82-95页

作者： Alain Symphorien ndongo Destin Gemetone Etou Christian Tathy Laboratory of Energetic Mechanics and Engineering (LMEI) Brazzaville Republic of Congo national Superior Polytechnic School (EnSP) Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Higher normal School (EnS) Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo

The Congolese population is organised into households, which are thus headed by a chief who ensures the social well-being, development and integration into working life of the individuals in his charge. This study examines the functional principles of new housing design as an instrument for transforming the (current) failing economy into a strong and resilient one. Accordingly, a literature review of the practice of designing and building housing in human settlements in the Congo revealed the state of the art on this subject. An analysis of the existing housing stock from a demographic, social and economic point of view made it possible to identify the most common household sizes and numbers, as well as the lifestyle processes that determine the need for developed space. To this end, the experimental method was used to propose configuration plans for various new types of dwelling. To this end, the study highlighted the link between people’s standard of living and the effectiveness of their involvement in the local economy. To achieve the aims of the national Development Plan (nDP), particular attention must be paid to solving the housing problem. The existing housing stock actively contributes to the problems associated with unemployment and insecurity. Functional principles for the design of new types of housing have been developed. Four model types are proposed in line with the demographic structure of the population, their socio-economic characteristics and their lifestyle.

关键词： Congolese Households new Types of Lodging Human Settlements resilient Local Economy Households resilient Endogenous Economy Logement Conception

Principle for the Installation of Accommodation for Sick guards in Public Health Establishments in Brazzaville in the republic of Congo

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2024年第2期13卷 70-79页

作者： Alain Symphorien ndongo Destin Gemetone Etou Christian Tathy Laboratory of Energetic Mechanics and Engineering(LMEI) National Polytechnic SchoolMarien Ngouabi UniversityBP 69BrazzavilleCongo national Superior Polytechnic School(EnSP) University Marien NgouabiBP 69BrazzavilleCongo Higher normal School(EnS) University Marien Ngouabi BP 69Brazzaville Congo

The results of scientific studies of human social facts in the field of health show that the management of a patient should involve the patient’s entourage,whatever the status or size of the health *** healthcare establishments in the Congo,the following are recognised as being responsible for medical care:specialist doctors,doctors,midwives,nurses and care *** patient’s family and close friends are responsible for looking after the patient and financing *** hospital infrastructure does not provide any space for the patient warden who accompany the patient during reception and *** makes Congolese hospitals inefficient for patient *** can we integrate the function of the Sick guard and the assistance of the family,in order to reduce the mortality rate and repair the harm caused to patients requiring the presence of relatives during their stay in hospital,which is considered to be a dangerous place?This article examines the functional principles for configuring the space that patient warden would occupy in the patient care *** the basis of a documentary analysis of sociological and architectural studies of existing facilities,this article proposes a typical accommodation model with the spaces needed to ensure the well-being and effectiveness of the patient warden with the *** are rooms with minimum space for 2 to 4 individual beds,equipped with toilets and *** accommodation has a dining area,kitchen and laundry *** the future,this accommodation will become part of the hospital estate and may be occupied by orderlies and patient warden recruited by the hospital administration.

关键词： Sick guard patient public health establishment accommodation republic of Congo

Evaluation of Four Anthropogenic Activity Impacts on Heavy Metal Quality of the Kumba river in the South West region of Cameroon

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Journal of Water resource and Protection 2024年第5期16卷 361-380页

作者： Martin Keghe nkobe Barthelemy ndongo Kanouo Boris Merlain Djousse Salomon nyasse Institute of Agricultural research for Development (IrAD) Yaound&#233 Cameroon Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Anthropogenic activities have contributed to pollution of water bodies through deposition of diverse pollutants amongst which are heavy metals. These pollutants, which at times are above the maximum concentration levels recommended, are detrimental to the quality of the water, soil and crops (plant) with subsequent human health risks. The objective of the work was to evaluate the impacts of human-based activities on the heavy metal properties of surface water with focus on the Kumba river basin. Field observations, interviews, field measurements and laboratory analyses of different water samples enabled us to collect the different data. The results show four main human-based activities within the river basin (agriculture, livestock production, domestic waste disposal and carwash activities) that pollute surface water. Approximately 20.61 tons of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural activities, 156.48 tons of animal wastes, 2517.5 tons of domestic wastes and 1.52 tons of detergent from carwash activities were deposited into the river each year. A highly significant difference at 1% was observed between the upstream and downstream heavy metal loads in four of the five heavy metals tested except for copper that was not significant. Lead concentrations were highest in all the activities with an average of 2.4 mg∙L−1 representing 57.81%, followed by zinc with 1.596 mg∙L−1 (38.45%) and manganese with 0.155 mg∙L−1 (3.74%) for the different anthropogenic activities thus indicating that these activities highly lead to pollution of the Kumba river water. The level of zinc and manganese was significantly influenced at ρ 005 by anthropogenic activities though generally the variations were in the order: carwash (3.196 mg∙L−1) −1) riculture (4.172 mg∙L−1) −1) r

关键词： Metal Properties Human-Based Activities Kumba river Basin Surface Water

Humoral response and Tolerance of Vaccination against SArS-CoV-2 in Adults Senegalese Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Multicenter Prospective Study

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Open Journal of nephrology 2024年第1期14卷 70-80页

作者： Lot nehemie Motoula Latou Moustapha Mbow Modou ndongo Gnagna Faye Gora Lo Sidy Mohamed Seck Department of nephrology and Dialysis Military Hospital of Ouakam Dakar Senegal Immunology Laboratory Military Hospital of Ouakam Dakar Senegal Department of nephrology and Dialysis Regional Hospital of Kedougou Kedougou Senegal Department of nephrology Idrissa Pouye General Hospital Dakar Senegal Bacterioloy and Virology Laboratory CMIA Dakar Senegal IrL-3189 ESS/UGB/CnrS/UCAD/CnrST/USTB Faculty of Health Sciences University Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Senegal

Introduction: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been proposed in several countries as the main preventive measure despite very limited data, particularly in dialysis patients. We conducted this study to assess the immunological response to vaccination in Senegalese hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective study, in two dialysis centers in Dakar from March 30th to August 30th, 2021 including patients on hemodialysis for >6 months, vaccinated against SArS-CoV-2 according to the vaccination schedule recommended by WHO. A vaccine response was considered positive when seroconversion was observed after one dose of vaccine. The clinical efficacy of immunization was defined as the absence of new COVID-19 infection in patients who received a complete vaccination. results: Among the 81 patients included in the study, 7.4% had anti-Spike IgM antibodies before their first vaccination. Seroprevalence of IgM antibodies was 38.3% one month after the first vaccine dose (at M1) and 8.6% one month after the second dose (at M4). Anti-Spike IgG antibodies were present in 40.3% of patients before vaccination, in 90.1% at M1, and in 59.7% at M4. Among patients previously infected with SArS-CoV-2, 10.2% had IgM antibodies at M0, 31.6% at M1, and 10.5% at M4 post-vaccination. Similarly, seroprevalences of IgG antibodies in this subgroup were 31.5%, 61.3%, and 50.0% respectively at M0, M1, and M4 post-vaccination. A comparison of seroconversion rates between M0 and M4 showed significant differences only for IgG in COVID-19 naive patients. Mean duration in dialysis and the existence of previous COVID-19 infection were associated with patients’ vaccinal response after the two doses. Age, gender and the use of immunosuppressive treatment did not influence post-vaccinal antibody production. Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 in Senegalese hemodialysis patients induced a low seroconversion rate but it was well tolerated. M

关键词： SArS-Cov2 Vaccination Humoral response Tolerance Hemodialysis Senegal

removal of Dyes in Aqueous Media with Hydrochar Base of Solid Tanneries Waste: Optimization Process and Application

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第7期15卷 168-185页

作者： Abdoul ntieche rahman Gervais ndongo Kounou Sakué ngankam Eric Tamafo Fouegue Aymard Didier Kouotou Daouda Abdelaziz Baçaoui Department of Chemistry Higher Teacher Training College Bertoua The University of Bertoua Bertoua Cameroon Department of Fundamental Sciences Institute of Wood Technology of Mbalmayo University of Yaound I Balmayo Cameroon Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Semlalia University of Cady Ayyad Marrakech Morocco

The response Surface Methodology (rSM) was used to optimise the conditions of preparation of activated hydrochar from tannery solid waste by hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC). The main factors such as residence time, moisture content and final carbonisation temperature were investigated during the optimisation of hydrochar preparation conditions. The three responses investigated are hydrochar yield, iodine and methylene blue indices. The results of experimental analyses showed that the yield of hydrochar decreases with increasing final temperature, leading to the formation of micropores inside the carbonaceous solid. The optimum conditions for preparing the following hydrochar were obtained: 83.10%, 390.44 mg∙g−1 and 259.63 mg∙g−1 respectively for the hydrochar yield, the iodine and methylene blue indices. The specific surface area of prepared hydrochar is 849.160 m2/g, SEM micrographs showed a porous heterogeneous surface and particularly, the hydrochar surface also revealed external pores on the hydrochar surface which acted as a pathway to the micropores. Fourier transform infrared (FTIr), however, showed a predominance of acid functions on the surface of the carbonaceous solids. Tests were carried out to eliminate indigo carmine in aqueous media. Activated hydrochar showed a high level of activity, with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms giving an adsorption quantity of 354.610 mol/g and a KF constant of 468.2489, respectively. The findings of the research revealed that hydrochar produced is well adapted for dyes removal.

关键词： response Surface Methodology Hydrochar Tannery Hydrothermal Carbonization Adsorption

Morbidity and Mortality related to Infectious Diseases in the roi Boudouin Paediatric Ward in Senegal

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 727-737页

作者： Guillaye Diagne Aliou Abdoulaye ndongo Djeneba Fafa Cissé Sidy Lamine Mbaye Jean Baptiste niokhor Diouf Fatou Ly Pediatrics Ward of Pikine Hospital Pikine Sngal Pediatrics Ward of roi Boudouin Hospital Dakar Sngal

Introduction: Infant and child morbidity and mortality linked to infections remain a major concern in both developed and developing countries. The general objective was to determine the characteristics of hospital morbidity and mortality linked to infectious pathologies in the pediatric department of the King Baudouin hospital center in Dakar. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study focusing on children hospitalized from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 in the pediatric department of the King Baudouin hospital center in Dakar. results: During the study period, 1474 children were hospitalized for an infectious pathology in the pediatric department. The sex ratio was 1.48. Children aged between one and twelve months represented 34.12%. Morbidity due to respiratory and digestive infections was 42.33% and 33.45%, respectively. Pediatric hospital mortality was 0.75% with a predominance noted in infants between 1 and 12 months (55.86%). respiratory, digestive infections, sepsis and neurological infections were the main causes of death. Factors associated with mortality were age (1 to 12 months) with p Conclusion: reducing infant and child mortality linked to infectious diseases remains a crucial challenge to address for improving children’s health. Early detection of related signs, prevention of infections, and adequate care and monitoring of infants and children can contribute to this reduction.

关键词： Morbidity Mortality Infections Children

Usefulness of the Surgical Apgar Score to Predict the Occurrence of Major Complications in the Early Post-Operative Period of Major Surgeries: Experience of Two Second-Category Hospitals in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第3期14卷 51-65页

作者： Charles Emmanuel Toussaint Binam Bikoi Francis Ateba ndongo Serge Vivier nga nomo Édouard Léa Mekoui Ze Fidèle Binam Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon Yaounde Mother and Child Center Chantal Biya Foundation University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon

Objective: The Surgical Apgar Score (SAS) is a tool for intraoperative stratification of the risk of serious complications in the early postoperative period. It varies from 0 to 10 points divided into three risk categories (0 to 4 high, 5 to 7 moderate, 8 to 10 low). The aim of the study was to evaluate its relevance in predicting the appearance of these complications. Material and methods: This descriptive and analytical study was carried out at the “Laquintinie” Hospital in Douala and at the Central Hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon. The main data were collected on a population of patients over 18 years old and recorded on a survey form. They consisted of variables of main interest and exposure variables. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis using top-down logistic regression models made it possible to evaluate the association of each variable of main interest and each exposure variable. The association was significant at P results: Of the 88 patients studied, the SAS was 3 hours. In multivariate, this link persisted only and strongly for the SAS Or (IC) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2) and p = 000. Conclusion: The study found a specific and powerful link between the SAS score nd the occurrence of complications in the early postoperative period, in favor of its relevance in predicting them.

关键词： Early Postoperative Complications Major Surgeries Surgical Apgar Score

Prevalence and outcomes of polycystic kidney disease in African populations:A systematic review

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World Journal of nephrology 2024年第1期13卷 33-40页

作者： Modou ndongo Lot Motoula nehemie Baratou Coundoul Abou Abdallah Malick Diouara Sidy Mohamed Seck Department of nephrology and Dialysis Regional Hospital of KedougouKedougou 26005Senegal Department of nephrology and Dialysis Military Hospital of OuakamDakar 28216Senegal Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Biology Polytechnic high School of Cheikh Anta Diop UniversityDakar 5085Senegal Department of nephrology Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity Gaston BergerSaint-Louis 234Senegal

BACKGrOUnD Polycystic kidney disease(PKD)is the most common genetic cause of kidney *** is a progressive and irreversible condition that can lead to end-stage renal disease and many other visceral *** comprehensive data on PKD patterns in Africa is *** To describe the prevalence and outcomes of PKD in the African *** A literature search of PubMed,African journal online,and Google Scholar databases between 2000 and 2023 was *** Preferred reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed to design the *** presentations and outcomes of patients were extracted from the included *** Out of 106 articles,we included 13 studies from 7 African *** of them were retrospective descriptive studies concerning 943 PKD patients with a mean age of 47.9 *** accurate prevalence and incidence of PKD were not known but it represented the third causal nephropathy among dialysis *** majority of patients,the diagnosis of the disease was often *** function impairment,abdominal mass,and hypertension were the leading symptoms at presentation with a pooled prevalence of 72.1%(69.1-75.1),65.8%(62.2-69.4),and 57.4%(54.2-60.6)*** and infections were the most frequent *** was performed in few studies that revealed a high proportion of new mutations mainly in the PKD1 *** The prevalence of PKD in African populations is not clearly *** symptoms were almost present with most patients who had kidney function impairment and abdominal mass at the *** studies including genetic testing are needed to determine the burden of PKD in African populations.

关键词： Polycystic kidney disease Africa Genetic disorder Systematic review

Phenotypical Aspects of a Familial Syndromic retinitis Pigmentosa

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 168-173页

作者： Irma Eneida Dos Santos Joseph Matar Mass ndiaye Mariama Diambone Badji Alioune Abdoulaye ndongo Gerauld Akpo Jean Pierre Diagne Gabriel Karold Mendy Mouhamed Attye Aboubacry Sadikh Sow Elhadji Amadou Ba Paule Aida ndoye roth Ophthalmology Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal radiological Imaging Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Ophthalmology Department of Abass ndao Hospital Dakar Senegal

Aim: To report a familial case of syndromic retinitis pigmentosa identified at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar and to describe their clinical characteristics ophthalmic. Observation: We report a sibling group of nine children, four died at a young age from unknown causes. Three children were affected by retinitis pigmentosa, two cases were syndromic. A history of nyctalopia was found in all three affected children. The mean age of onset of decreased visual acuity was 6.6 years. Patient 1 affected by syndromic retinitis pigmentosa had an extraocular sign of cystic dilation of the main bile duct. Patient 2 had myoclonic epilepsy, psychomotor retardation, and the molar tooth sign on cerebral MrI (highly suggestive of Joubert syndrome). The third child had isolated retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmological examinations (fundus examination, electroretinogram, and visual evoked potentials) and pediatric examinations in the remaining two children were normal. Discussion and Conclusion: retinitis pigmentosa is a rare degenerative disease that can be associated with several other malformations, highlighting the importance of screening for associated conditions. It presents a grim functional prognosis and a life prognosis dependent on extraocular manifestations. Molecular biology (karyotyping, next-generation sequencing) could have identified the implicated genes and allowed for a formal diagnosis and genetic counseling.

关键词： retinitis Pigmentosa Syndromic Heredity Ciliopathy