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Groundwater Geochemistry and Saltwater Intrusion in the Dakar Coastal Area, Senegal

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第12期10卷 45-64页

作者： Ousmane Coly Diouf Lutz Weihermüller Mathias Diedhiou Edgar Y. Terence Benam Beltoungou ndeye maguette dieng Seynabou Cissé Faye Harry Vereecken Serigne Faye Geology Department Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Agrosphere Institute IBG-3 Jülich Germany

Groundwater levels and water samples were collected from 20 drinking water pumping and piezometer wells in the urban area of Dakar coastal region in the year 2019. The pH-value, electrical conductivity, as well as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, and nitrate concentrations were measured to assess the hydrochemical quality of the infrabasaltic aquifer in the area. The present work carried out a hydrochemical analysis to interpret the groundwater chemistry of the aquifer. The results of this chemical analysis indicate that Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ was the most dominant cation sequence in the groundwater, while Cl- > HCO3- > SO42- > NO3- was the most dominant one for anions. The chemical analysis of our samples showed, that the Cl-Ca-Mg facies was dominant in the aquifer, while Cl-Na-K and HCO3-Na-K facies represent 20% and 10% of the groundwater sampled, respectively. A comparison of the measured groundwater quality in relation to WHO drinking water quality standards revealed that 80% of the water samples are suitable for drinking purposes. Ca enrichment, Simpson ratio, ratio of sodium chloride, and calculating Base Exchange (BEX) indices for the samples revealed that the groundwater is mainly affected by three factors: seawater intrusion due to aquifer overexploitation on one hand, and freshening processes and nitrate pollution, on the other, mainly caused by the groundwater flow from the unconfined aquifer.

关键词： Coastal Groundwater Major Ions Hydrochemical Facies Anthropogenic Activities Nitrate Pollution

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Physicochemical and Biochemical Characterization, Total Phenolic and Energy Value from Bulbs of Different Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in Senegal

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 129-139页

作者： ndeye Adiara Ndiaye Lahat Niang Modou dieng ndeye Coumba Kane Touré Laboratory of Microbiology Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes Laboratory (LE3PI) Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal University Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima Niass (USSEIN) Kaolack Senegal

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties of some local varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) and compare them with an imported variety, all collected in May 2021. Proteins, reducing sugars, lipids, and polyphenol content were estimated according to the AFNOR standardized methods. The determination of calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium and phosphorus was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results highlighted an average acidity of 0.377% ± 0.002% lower than the value of the imported variety which is 0.520% ± 0.001%. Local varieties have a pH ranging from 6.35 ± 0.003 to 6.42 ± 0.004, while the variety has a pH of 6.36 ± 0.003. The ash and dry matter contents vary respectively from 4.788% ± 0.004% to 8.253% ± 0.003% and 7.945% ± 0.021% to 11.945% ± 0.007% for the local varieties. Moreover, the imported one has ash and dry matter contents of 5.175% ± 0.007% and 10.035% ± 0.021% respectively. The results show that the protein, reducing sugar and lipid contents in the local onion varieties vary respectively from 2.815 ± 0.000 to 15.634 ± 0.001 g·100 g-1;4.691 ± 0.001 to 12.596 ± 0.002 g·100 g-1 and 0.006 ± 0.001 to 0.050 ± 0.057 g·100 g-1. Furthermore, the imported variety has a protein, reducing sugar and lipid content of 5.649 ± 0.002;8.565 ± 0.002 g·100 g-1 and 0.011 ± 0.010 g·100 g-1 respectively. The maximum levels of total polyphenols are obtained in the imported variety, Bellani and Gandiol, respectively 9.973 ± 0.001, 4.535 ± 0.002, and 3.425 ± 0.006 mg EAG/g of dry matter. The local varieties have a significant calorific intake of between 35.451 ± 0.001 and 112.980 ± 0.003 kcal·100 g-1 compared to the imported one with an energy value of 56.953 ± 0.001 kcal·100 g-1 of dry matter. The bulbs of different onion varieties studied have a fairly high content of mineral elements. The potassium content of loc

关键词： Allium cepa L. Characterization Physicochemical Biochemistry Total Phenolic

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Establishment of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels in Conventional Radiography: A Pilot Study in Dakar, Senegal

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2022年第1期12卷 28-42页

作者： Adji Yaram Diop Magatte Diagne ndeye Arame Boye Faye Mamadou Moustapha dieng Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Joliot Curie Institute of Cancer Dakar Senegal Nuclear Radiation Protection and Safety Authority Dakar Senegal

Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) are indicators that allow assessing the quality of equipment and procedures from the point of view of the doses delivered to patients and subsequently initiate corrective actions if necessary. The purpose of this study is to encourage health professionals to investigate patient radiation doses and to determine whether those doses comply with the principles of radiation protection in medical fields so as to improve practices by reducing patient exposure without reducing clinical effectiveness. To perform this work, we have investigated patient doses for different radiological examinations from six (6) medical centers in Dakar, including the following nine routine types: chest (PA), abdomen (AP), pelvis (AP), cervical spine (AP), lumbar spine (AP, Lat), hip (AP), thoracic spine (AP, Lat). Three types of data were collected, i.e., X-ray tube machine data, patient data and output measurements. The data were analyzed statistically and the median, minimum, maximum, and third quartile values were calculated and displayed throughout boxplots graphs for all exams and medical centers. The two sigma range (95% confidence interval) was also checked. Comparison of third quartiles of Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and Dose Area Product (DAP) by type of examination with recommended international DRLs was performed. The third quartile of ESD for pelvis (AP) and thoracic spine (AP) was up to 16% and 38% higher, respectively than their corresponding DRLs in the European Commission Report RP 180 Part 2. For all exams, except thoracic spine (lat), the third quartiles of the dose area product were higher than the corresponding DRLs in the above report. The source of dose variability between medical centers was related to many parameters such as poor radiographic techniques, lack of modern X-ray machines and adequately documented radiation protection practices. The results show the need to develop protocols for dose measurement as well as to carry

关键词： Entrance Surface Dose Diagnostic Radiology Dose Area Product Optimization X-Rays

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Optimization Scale Pasteurization of Baobab Juice Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第2期11卷 113-122页

作者： Ndiaye ndeye Adiara Bassama Joseph dieng Modou N. C. Toure/kane Montet Didier Graduate School Polytehnique Dakar Dakar Fann Senegal Gaston Berger University of Saint Louis Senegal IRESSEF Institute for Health Research Epidemiological Surveillance and Training Diamniadio Dakar Senegal Qualisud Univ Montpellier CIRAD Montpellier SupAgro University of Avignon University of La Réunion Montpellier France

The Adansonia digitate L. known as Baobab is the only species present in West Africa and grows wild. All parts of the plant are used by humans. In Senegal, baobab pulp is widely consumed;it is used as raw material in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for making juices, concentrates, jams, powder. Drinks or juices from baobab are highly appreciated by consumers;however rapid fermentation can happen even after pasteurization that can shorten their shelf-life. A Doehlert experimental design was used to find a good scale of heat treatment ensuring a proper conservation of baobab juice. Results of the experimental design showed that a heat treatment of 80°C for 10 min gives a baobab juice with good sanitary quality that meets the international standards.

关键词： Baobab Juice Scale of Pasteurization Doehlert Experimental Plan Response Surface Method

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Evaluation of Water Resources Quality in Sabodala Gold Mining Region and Its Surrounding Area (Senegal)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第3期7卷 247-263页

作者： Mall Ibrahima Diaw Moctar dieng Ndèye maguette Madioune Hélène Diakher Ngom Papa Malick Faye Serigne Département de Géologie Faculté des Sciences et Technique Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar Sénégal

Geochemical and Geostatistical tools were used to assess: 1) the chemical quality and, geochemical processes in crystalline rock aquifers in Sabodala (Eastern Senegal) and its surroundings and 2) the impact of mining activities on their quality. A total of 26 water samples collected at boreholes, dug wells and stream, were analyzed to determine major and trace elements concentration focused on elements that represent more threats on human health. Boxplots define chemical characteristics of water for each aquifer formation compared to surface waters. Geostatistical analysis show two sources of water mineralization with regard to major elements: a first natural source characterized by Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type from boreholes and unpolluted surface water and a second group characterized by polluted water by nitrates with Na-NO3-Cl type mainly observed in upper weathered aquifers. However, considering trace element, geostatistical analysis showed three water groups: water with very low trace element concentrations encountered in boreholes and unpolluted surface waters, and waters with relatively high trace element concentrations such as Al observed in areas affected by gold mining activities and finally, polluted waters by Ni, Co, Mn and Cr observed at Sabodala. Results show that in eastern Senegal well waters are vulnerable and often affected by pollution.

关键词： Geochemistry Geostatistical Crystalline Rock Aquifer Pollution Trace Elements Sabodala Senegal

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Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Tetanus Cases in a Referral Center in Senegal, between 2010 and 2017

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第3期13卷 375-388页

作者： Daouda Thioub ndeye Aissatou Lakhe Khardiata Diallo Mbaye Papa Latyr Junior Diouf Catherine Sarr ndeye Amy Sarr Aboubakar Sidikh Badiane Mamadou Seck ndeye maguette Fall Viviane Marie Pierre Cisse-Diallo Daye Ka Moussa Seydi Louise Fortes Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Fann National University Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Dalal Jamm National Hospital Guediawaye Senegal

Tetanus is an infection caused by Clostridium tetani. The disease has been described from the earliest medical literature. Despite this old knowledge, the existence of a vaccine, and the progress made in pathophysiology and treatment, tetanus remains a real public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Tetanus in children and adults is still a frequent cause of hospitalization in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department (SMIT) of the Fann National University Hospital (CHNU). We conducted this study with the main objective of carrying out a situational analysis of tetanus at SMIT from 2010 to 2017. We recorded 706 cases of tetanus in a total of 8123 hospitalized patients. The median age of the patients was 23 years [1 - 90 years]. The sex ratio (M/F) was 4/1. More than half (58.78%) came from suburban areas. The population was most frequently made up of students (24%) or manual workers (22.1%). At least one comorbidity was present in 107 patients (15.15%). The absence of a vaccination record was found in 99.56%. The main portal of entry was integumentary (83.3%), post-circumcision (5.7%) and otogenous (4%). Tetanus was generalized in 93.9% of cases. The main signs of tetanus found were trismus and dysphagia. Patients were most frequently classified as stage II (78.7%). Antibiotic therapy was based on metronidazole (51.41%). Anti-tetanus serotherapy was carried out by sub-occipital administration in 97.6%. Tracheostomy was performed in 48 patients. Complications occurred in 226 patients (32.01%). The main complications were respiratory (53.98%), infectious (45.13%) and cardiovascular (41.59%). The average delay in hospitalization was 3.6 ± 3.4 days. The mean length of hospital stay was 11.9 ± 8.2 days. The hospital case-lethality rate was 18.98%. Despite the decline in cases over the years in our country, tetanus remains a public health problem because of its prevalence, severity, and lethality.

关键词： Tetanus Management Outcomes Senegal

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Assessment of Some Secondary Metabolites, Minerals and Alcohol Content of Noni Juice Obtained by Fermentation of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruit from Senegal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 577-588页

作者： Ndèye Adiara Ndiaye Mame Ndew Mbaye Lahat Niang Modou dieng Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou ndeye Coumba Kane Touré Laboratory of Microbiology Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Biology Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes Laboratory (LE3PI) Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal University Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima Niass (USSEIN) Kaolack Senegal

The fruit of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and traditional medicine around the world. Adding value to Morinda citrifolia L. products, particularly the fruit, could be one way of building resilience in vulnerable farming households. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite and mineral composition of noni juice obtained by fermenting the fruit of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruits were collected in August 2022 from the local field in Thiès region, West of Senegal. Extraction yields were determined and the secondary metabolites were determined using conventional analytical methods. Calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium and potassium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results show that an average fruit mass (503.2 ± 110.96 g) consists of 171.44 ± 50.01 g pulp and 34.06 ± 10.35 g seeds. The traditional extraction yield of noni juice is 16.46% after three weeks of fermentation. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins obtained in noni are 608.97 ± 4.53 mg EAG/100mL, 7.78 ± 0.01 mg EQ/100mL and 0.191 ± 0.01 mg EC/100mL respectively. The ethanol content of noni varies from 3.57 to 5.23 mL/100mL during extraction. Noni has a high calcium content with a concentration of 383.79 ± 33.23 mg/L. This is followed by a good concentration of magnesium, potassium and sodium, at 278.47 ± 26.30, 187.43 ± 10.7 and 155.95 ± 28.66 mg/L respectively. Noni also has an iron content of 202.15 ± 0.05 mg/L.

关键词： Morinda citrifolia L. Juice Alcohol Total Phenols Flavonoids Tannins Minerals

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Atrioventricular Septal Defect with Intact Interatrial Septum. Case Report

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2020年第8期10卷 143-149页

作者： Papa Salmane Ba Yacouba Tamboura Momar Sokhna Diop Papa Amath Diagne ndeye Fatou Sow Papa Adama dieng Amadou Gabriel Ciss Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departement CHU Fann Dakar Senegal

In atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), anatomical lesions usually are an ostium primum atrio-septal defect;a common atrioventricular valve, an inlet ventricular septal defect (VSD). It is most often associated with major chromosomal abnormalities. It is the most common congenital disease in Down syndrome. Our case was an infant with a Down syndrome who was admitted for a dyspnea (stage 3 in New York Heart Association classification) and tachycardia. The diagnosis was made by a transthoracic echocardiography. It showed a rare variety of atrioventricular septal defect without an atrial septal defect. The child was treated successfully with one patch technic and no recurrence was noted.

关键词： AVSD VSD Dyspnea Transthoracic Echocardiography Patch

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Abdominal Cerebrospinal Fluid Pseudocyst—A Rare Complication of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2023年第3期13卷 105-110页

作者： ndeye Fatou Seck Ibrahima Bocar Wellé Cheikh Ahmadou Dit Ndongo dieng Florent Tshibwid A. Zeng Fatou Sy Doudou Gueye Papa Alassane Mbaye ndeye Aby Ndoye Aloïse Sagna Gabriel Ngom Department of Pediatric Surgery Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital Center Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

An abdominal cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst is a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Several theories have been suggested to explain its occurrence. The main symptoms are painful abdominal distension and vomiting, abdominal distension on examination, as abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography confirm its diagnosis. The treatment involves drainage associated with drain relocation and resection of the pseudocyst’s wall. We report two patients diagnosed with this condition who underwent surgical treatment. The first patient had an unremarkable 12-month follow-up, while the second died on the seventh postoperative day due to intravascular disseminated coagulation. In these patients, the cause has not been identified;however, an infection cannot be ruled out.

关键词： Abdominal Pseudocyst Cerebrospinal Fluid Children Complication Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

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Surgical Treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Valve Agenesis in a 22 Years Old Patient

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2021年第4期11卷 29-36页

作者： Papa Salmane Ba Kabulo Yannick Momar Sokhna Diop Papa Amath Diagne ndeye Fatou Sow Papa Adama dieng Amadou Gabriel Ciss Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Department CHU Fann Dakar Senegal

Agenesis of pulmonary valve is a rare variant and severe form of Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). The evolution is usually marked by respiratory and cardiac failure at early age, which needs early surgical correction. Uncorrected treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot diagnosed at adult age is infrequent and only few studies have been described. We present here a rare case of a 22 years old patient who presented with dyspnea since childhood. Subsequent investigations allowed diagnosis of treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot with agenesis of the pulmonary valve. Following the assessment, the patient underwent a surgical repair and the recovery was uneventful. The management of treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary valve agenesis in adult period remains complex, requiring different surgical techniques.

关键词： Tetralogy of Fallot Pulmonary Valve Agenesis Adult Surgical Repair

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