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Are school uniforms associated with gender inequalities in physical activity? A pooled analysis of population-level data from 135 countries/regions

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 590-598页

作者： Mairead Ryan Luiza I.c.Ricardo Nicole nathan Riikka Hofmann Esther van Sluijs Medical Research council Epidemiology Unit University of CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUK Faculty of Education University of CambridgeCambridge CB28PQUK Hunter New England Population Health WallsendNSW 2287Australia School of Medicine and Public Health College of HealthMedicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia National centre of Implementation Science University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

Purpose:It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with population-level gender inequalities in physical activity,and whether associations differ by school level,country/region income,and assessment ***:An ecological study design was *** collected data about global uniform practices using an online *** searched for country/region-level estimates of school-aged youth meeting physical activity guidelines from international surveillance *** selection was conducted in duplicate using a systematic process,and a random sample of all data was checked to ensure extraction and pooling processes were *** calculated absolute and relative gender inequalities in physical activity for each *** regression examined associations between country/region-level uniform practices(binary yes/no exposure variable) and country/region-level gender inequalities in physical activity guideline compliance(absolute and relative inequalities).We investigated moderation by school level,stratified analyses by income group,and repeated primary analyses using device-measured ***:Pooling data from 135 countries/regions(n=1,089,852),we found no association between population-level uniform practices and gender inequalities in physical activity across all ages(absolute:β=-0.2;95% confidence interval(95%cI):-1.7 to 1.3,p=0.74;relative:β=0.1;95%cI:-0.1 to 0.2,p=0.51).Subgroup analysis suggested a positive association in primary school settings(absolute:β=4.3;95%cI:-0.0 to 8.6,p=0.05).Among high-income countries,absolute inequalities were significantly greater in countries/regions with uniform practices(N=37) compared to those without(N=48)(9.1(SD=3.6) vs.7.8 percentage points(SD=4.3)).Repeating analyses using device-measured data(n=32,130;N=24) did not alter our primary *** initial descriptive statistics,we found that in countries/regions where a maj ority of schools(>50%) reportedly use uniforms,there was lower compli

关键词： School policy clothing child Adolescent Accelerometer

commentary on“The deterministic condition for the ground reaction force acting point on the combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation moments in the early phase of cutting maneuvers in female athletes”

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 373-375页

作者： nathan D.Schilaty nathaniel A.Bates Department of Neurosurgery&Brain Repair University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Department of Medical Engineering University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA center for Neuromusculoskeletal Research University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Department of Orthopaedics The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

*** For decades,substantial disagreement has persisted as to whether dynamic knee valgus is the cause of the majority of anterior cruciate ligament(AcL)injuries or rather the result of the AcL rupture.1 consequently,great effort and expense has gone into capturing 3-dimensional kinetics and kinematics from live athletes to drive in vitro and in silico models of AcL injury in order to elucidate the actual mechanism of injury,as these factors have been demonstrated to be surrogates of intraarticular structural loading on the AcL.2,3 The elucidation of injury mechanisms for non-contact AcL injuries is of great medical value as such knowledge consequently permits quantified examination and validation of interventions and their respective effectiveness in both prevention and rehabilitation of these traumatic knee injuries.

关键词： injuries knee prevention

Use of donepezil for neurocognitive recovery after brain injury in adult and pediatric populations:a scoping review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1686-1695页

作者： Avery L.Miller nathan K.Evanson J.Michael Taylor University of cincinnati college of Medicine CincinnatiOHUSA Department of Pediatrics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA

There are few pharmacologic options for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury in pediatric *** inhibitors such as donepezil have been evaluated in adult patients after traumatic brain injury,but relatively less is known about the effect in pediatric *** goal of this review is to identify knowledge gaps in the efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibito rs as a potential a djuvant treatment fo r neurocognitive decline in pediatric patients with traumatic brain *** queried PubMed to identify literature published from database inception thro ugh June 2023 desc ribing the use of donepezil in young adult traumatic brain injury and pediatric patients with predefined *** on preselected search criteria,340 unique papers we re selected for title and abstra ct ***-two reco rds were reviewed in full after eliminating preclinical studies and pape rs outside the scope of the *** adult traumatic brain injury,we review results from 14 papers detailing 227 subjects where evidence suggests donepezil is well tole rated and shows both objective and patient-reported efficacy for reducing cognitive *** children,3 pape rs report on 5 children recovering from traumatic brain injury,showing limited *** additional 15 pediatric studies conducted in populations at risk for cognitive dysfunction provide a broader look at safety and efficacy in 210 patients in the pediatric age *** its promise for efficacy in adults with traumatic brain injury and tole rability in pediatric patients,we believe further study of donepezil for children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury is warranted.

关键词： acetylcholinesterase inhibitor adult cognition donepezil pediatrics traumatic brain injury

Precise genome-editing in human diseases:mechanisms,strategies and applications

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1065-1085页

作者： Yanjiang Zheng Yifei Li Kaiyu Zhou Tiange Li nathan J.VanDusen Yimin Hua Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and children of MOE Department of PediatricsWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Department of cardiovascular Surgery West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Department of Pediatrics Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

Precise genome-editing platforms are versatile tools for generating specific,site-directed DNA insertions,deletions,and *** continuous enhancement of these tools has led to a revolution in the life sciences,which promises to deliver novel therapies for genetic *** genome-editing can be traced back to the 1950s with the discovery of DNA’s doublehelix and,after 70 years of development,has evolved from crude in vitro applications to a wide range of sophisticated capabilities,including in vivo ***,precise genome-editing faces constraints such as modest efficiency,delivery challenges,and off-target *** this review,we explore precise genome-editing,with a focus on introduction of the landmark events in its history,various platforms,delivery systems,and ***,we discuss the landmark events in the history of precise ***,we describe the current state of precise genome-editing strategies and explain how these techniques offer unprecedented precision and versatility for modifying the human ***,we introduce the current delivery systems used to deploy precise genome-editing components through DNA,RNA,and ***,we summarize the current applications of precise genome-editing in labeling endogenous genes,screening genetic variants,molecular recording,generating disease models,and gene therapy,including ex vivo therapy and in vivo therapy,and discuss potential future advances.

关键词： precise generating editing

Neurogenic potential of NG2 in neurotrauma:a systematic review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2673-2683页

作者： Yuri R.Rigo Radharani Benvenutti Luis V.Portela nathan R.Strogulski Departamento de Bioquímica Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS)Porto AlegreBrazil School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences RCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinUniversity of DublinDublinIreland

Regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of *** is reflected in a large disparity between the number of studies investigating primary and secondary injury as therapeutic to rgets in spinal co rd and traumatic brain *** advances in biotechnology may have the potential to reshape the current state-of-the-art and bring focus to primary injury neurotrauma *** studies using neural-glial factor/antigen 2(NG2)cells indicate that they may differentiate into neurons even in the developed *** these cells show great potential to play a regenerative role,studies have been conducted to test various manipulations in neurotrauma models aimed at eliciting a neurogenic response from *** the present study,we systematically reviewed the experimental protocols and findings described in the scientific literature,which were peer-reviewed original research articles(1)describing preclinical experimental studies,(2)investigating NG2 cells,(3)associated with neurogenesis and neurotrauma,and(4)in vitro and/or in vivo,available in PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science or ScOPUS,from 1998 to ***,we have reviewed a total of 1504 papers,and summarized findings that ultimately suggest that NG2 cells possess an inducible neurogenic potential in animal models and in *** also discriminate findings of NG2 neurogenesis promoted by different pharmacological and genetic approaches over functional and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury and spinal co rd injury models,and provide mounting evidence for the potential benefits of manipulated NG2 cell ex vivo transplantation in primary injury *** findings indicate the feasibility of NG2 cell neurogenesis strategies and add new players in the development of therapeutic alternatives for neurotrauma.

关键词： neural-glial antigen 2 neural-glial factor 2 neuron differentiation NG2 cell regeneration spinal cord injury(ScI) traumatic brain injury(TBI)

Mesenchymal Stromal cells and Their Uses in Bio-Regenerative Therapies for Bone and cartilage: A Review

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Open Journal of Regenerative Medicine 2024年第1期13卷 1-19页

作者： nathan Smernoff Texas college of Osteopathic Medicine University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Wort Texas USA

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MScs) are a top candidate for new clinical treatments in the repair of bone and cartilage. In several clinical trials, they have shown reliable, effective, and safe management of inflammation, pain, and the regenerative capabilities of resident tissues. MScs are likely derived from pericytes. They modulate the environment they are placed in by secreting immunomodulatory and signaling molecules to reduce inflammation and direct resident cells to create new tissues. They are easily isolated from several different adult tissues, and inexpensive to grow in a lab. However, a mistake made in the initial classification of MScs as stem cells has created deeply engrained misconceptions that are still evident today. MScs are not stem cells, despite a large fraction of research and therapies using the name “mesenchymal stem cells”. This mistake creates false narratives attributing the observed positive outcomes of MSc treatments to stem cell characteristics, which has led to distrust in MSc research. Despite inconsistencies in their classification, MScs demonstrate consistent positive effects in numerous animal studies and human clinical trials for non-unions and osteoarthritis. With an aging population, regenerative techniques are very promising for novel therapies. To produce trusted and safe new treatments using MScs, it is essential for the International Society for cellular Therapies to re-establish common ground in the identity, mechanism of action, and isolation techniques of these cells.

关键词： Mesenchymal Stromal cells Osteoarthritis Non-Unions

chronic Vaginal Discharge Syndrome caused by Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis (OHVIRA) Syndrome: A case Report

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case Reports in clinical Medicine 2024年第7期13卷 227-233页

作者： Arja Alemu nathan Ross Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology AGC Tenwek Hospital Bomet Kenya Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Soddo Christian Hospital Soddo Ethiopia

Background: Vaginal discharge syndrome is a common condition across the world with the main causes being infectious. Rare causes include obstructed hemivagina with ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA syndrome). case Presentation: This case involves an 18-year-old woman with a 9-year history of vaginal discharge treated unsuccessfully by multiple physicians and different health facilities. After she presented to our hospital gynecology clinic with the same complaint she investigated with blood, urine, discharge wet-mount, pelvic ultrasound, and abdominopelvic computed tomography at different times. Preoperatively she was suspected to have OHVIRA syndrome which was successfully surgically treated with a full return of function. conclusion: This case emphasizes the need to consider non-infectious causes commonly congenital mullerian anomaly in young women presented with long-time vaginal discharge symptoms soon after menarche and which are nonresponding to different multiple medical treatments. In peripheral health institutions like ours, it is best to consider computed tomography if available but better not to forget at least abdominopelvic ultrasound to look for congenital Mullerian anomalies.

关键词： OHVIRA Syndrome Vaginal Discharge Syndrome Early Marriage

Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew D.Geiger Anne M.Lynch Alan G.Palestine nathan c.Grove Karen L.christopher Richard S.Davidson Michael J.Taravella Naresh Mandava Jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract ***:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of colorado School of *** collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BcVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the ***:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the *** comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for *** had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer *** were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%cI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BcVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/***:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for ***,observed surgical complicatio

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

Systematic Radio Telescope Alignment Using Portable Fringe Projection Profilometry

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 75-85页

作者： Joel Berkson Justin Hyatt nathan Julicher Byeongjoon Jeong Isaac Pimienta Rachel Ball Wyatt Ellis Jason Voris Diego Torres‑Barajas Daewook Kim James c.Wyant college of Optical Sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University Blvd.TucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Astronomy at Steward Observatory University of Arizona933 N Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ 85721USA

In 2019,the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)released the first-ever image of a black hole event *** are now aiming for higher angular resolutions of distant targets,like black holes,to understand more about the fundamental laws of gravity that govern our *** achieve this higher resolution and increased sensitivity,larger radio telescopes are needed to operate at higher frequencies and in larger *** like the next-generation Very Large Array(ngVLA)and the Square-Kilometer Array(SKA)require building hundreds of telescopes with diameters greater than 10 ms over the next *** has a twofold *** telescope surfaces need to be more accurate to operate at higher frequencies,and the logistics involved in maintaining a radio telescope need to be simplified to support them properly in large *** of these problems can be solved with improved methods for surface metrology that are faster and more accurate with a higher *** leads to faster and more accurate panel alignment and,therefore,a more productive *** this paper,we present the use of binocular fringe projection profilometry as a solution to this problem and demonstrate it by aligning two panels on a 3-m radio telescope *** measurement takes only 10 min and directly delivers feedback on the tip,tilt,and piston of each panel to create the ideal reflector shape.

关键词： Metrology Fringe projection profilometry Off-axis alignment Radio astronomy Radio antenna