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Different environmental factors drive tree species diversity along elevation gradients in three climatic zones in Yunnan,southern China

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Plant Diversity 2021年第6期43卷 433-443页

作者： Xiaoyang Song Min Cao jieqiong Li Roger L.Kitching Akihiro Nakamura Melinda j.Laidlaw Yong Tang Zhenhua Sun Wenfu Zhang jie Yang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences666303YunnanChina Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China School of Environmental&Natural Sciences Griffith UniversityNathan QLD4111BrisbaneAustralia Department of Environment and Science Queensland HerbariumToowongAustralia

Elevational patterns of tree diversity are well studied ***,few studies have examined how seedlings respond to elevational gradients and whether their responses vary across climatic *** this study,we established three elevational transects in tropical,subtropical and subalpine mountain forests in Yunnan Province,southern China,to examine the responses of tree species and their seedlings to elevational *** each transect,we calculated species diversity indices and composition of both adult trees and seedlings at different *** both adult trees and seedlings,we found that species diversity decreased with increasing elevation in both tropical and subalpine *** composition showed significant elevational separation within all three *** species had specific elevational preferences,but abundant tree species that occurred at specific elevations tended to have very limited recruitment in the *** results highlight that the major factors that determine elevational distributions of tree species vary across climatic ***,we found that the contribution of air temperature to tree species composition increased from tropical to subalpine transects,whereas the contribution of soil moisture decreased across these transects.

关键词： Air temperature Climate zones Montane forest Soil moisture Seedling Tree species distribution

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High Frequency Transformers for DC/DC Converter Used in Solar PV System

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journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2011年第6期5卷 536-541页

作者： j. Lu D. Butler School of Engineering Griffith University Nathan Brisbane QId 4111 Australia Surtek Pty Ltd Acacia Ridge Brisbane Qld 4110 Australia

This paper presents and investigates planar and coaxial high frequency power transformers used for DC/DC converters in a three phase photo voltaic （PV） power systems. The winding structure including a Faraday shield between the primary and secondary windings is designed to minimize eddy current losses, skin and proximity effects, and to reduce the leakage inductance, and the inter winding coupling capacitance. Finite Element Method is employed to analyze the magnetic flux and eddy current distributions. The two different kinds of prototype high frequency transformers are designed and tested. The simulation and experiment results are demonstrated and compared with non-shielded transformers. The shielded transformers have achieved the expected results with a relatively small coupling capacitance, compared with the conventional high frequency transformer. This shield decreases the inter-winding coupling capacitance Cps. The topology of this shield has to be such that it acts as a Faraday screen while avoiding eddy current generation.

关键词： DC/DC converter high frequency transformer solar PV system shielding effect magnetic field eddy current.

Twenty years of human immunodeficiency virus care at the Mayo Clinic:Past,present and future

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World journal of Virology 2016年第2期5卷 63-67页

作者： nathan W Cummins Andrew D Badley Mary j Kasten Rahul Sampath Zelalem Temesgen jennifer A Whitaker john W Wilson joseph D Yao john Zeuli Stacey A Rizza Division of Infectious Diseases Mayo ClinicRochester

The Mayo human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Clinic has been providing patient centered care for persons living with HIV in Minnesota and beyond for the past 20 years. Through multidisciplinary engagement, vital clinical outcomes such as retention in care, initiation of antiretroviral therapy and virologic suppression are maximized. In this commentary, we describe the history of the Mayo HIV Clinic and its best practices, providing a "Mayo Model" of HIV care that exceeds national outcomes and may be applicable in other settings.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome Patient engagement Care Cascade Multidisciplinary care Minimally disruptive medicine

Cathepsin D overexpression in the nervous system rescues lethality and Aβ42 accumulation of cathepsin D systemic knockout in vivo

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第10期13卷 4172-4184页

作者： Xiaosen Ouyang Willayat Y.Wani Gloria A.Benavides Matthew j.Redmann Hai Vo Thomas van Groen Victor M.Darley-Usmar jianhua Zhang Department of Pathology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Birmingham VA Medical Center University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA

The lysosome is responsible for protein and organelle degradation and homeostasis and the cathepsins play a key role in maintaining protein quality *** D(CTSD),is one such lysosomal protease,which when deficient in humans lead to neurolipofuscinosis(NCL)and is important in removing toxic protein *** studies demonstrated that CTSD germ-line knockout-CtsdKO(CDKO)resulted in accumulation of protein aggregates,decreased proteasomal activities,and postnatal lethality on Day 26±*** of wildtype CTSD,but not cathepsin B,L or mutant CTSD,decreased a-synuclein toxicity in worms and mammalian *** this study we generated a mouse line expressing human CTSD with a floxed STOP cassette between the ubiquitous CAG promoter and the *** crossing with Nestin-cre,the STOP cassette is deleted in NESTIN+cells to allow CTSD overexpression-CTSDtg(CDtg).The CDtg mice exhibited normal behavior and similar sensitivity to subchronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)induced *** breeding CDtg mice with CDKO mice,we found that over-expression of CTSD extended the lifespan of the CDKO mice,partially rescued proteasomal deficits and the accumulation of Aβ42 in the *** new transgenic mouse provides supports for the key role of CTSD in protecting against proteotoxicity and offers a new model to study the role of CTSD enhancement in vivo.

关键词： Cathepsin D transgenic mouse Mitochondrial bioenergetics Apoptosis Cathepsin D knockout mice Dopamine Autophagy Lysosome Life expectancy Behavior

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Region-specific effects of brain corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 blockade on footshock-stress or drug-priming-induced reinstatement of morphine conditioned place preference in rats

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Region-specific effects of brain corticotropin-releasing fac...

Optical Detection of Distal Lung Enzyme Activity in Human Inflammatory Lung Disease

作者： j.Wang~1 Q.Fang~2 1.Department of Pharmacology,The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College,Guiyang 550004,China 2.Department of Pharmacology,New York Medical College,Valharla NY 10595,USA Z.Liu.L.Lu Behavioral Neuroscience Branch,National Institute on Drug Abuse,IRP/NIDA/NIH/DHHS,5500 nathan Shock Drive,Baltimore,MD 21224,USA

Systemic injections of the selective corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF1)receptor an- tagonist CP-154,526 attenuate footshock-stress-induced reinstatement of heroin and cocaine seeking and morphine conditioned place preference (CPP).Intracranial injections of the nonselec- tive CRF receptor antagonist D-Phe-CRF into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), but not the amygdala,attenuate footshock-induced reinstatement of cocaine ***,the brain sites involved in the effect of CP-154,526 on footshock-induced reinstatement of opiate seeking are ***:We used a CPP version of the reinstatement model to examine the role of CRF1 receptors in the BNST,amygdala,and nucleus accumbens (NAc)in footshock-or drug-priminginduced reinstatement of extinguished morphine ***:Rats acquired mor- phine CPP over a period of 8 days during which they were given four morphine (10 mg/kg s.c.) and four saline injections and were subsequently confined to distinct chambers for 50 ***- quently,the morphine CPP was extinguished in 14 daily sessions during which rats were given saline injections and given access to both the saline-and morphine-paired *** rats were then tested for reinstatement of morphine CPP induced by priming injections of morphine (0 or 3.0 mg/ kg s.c.)or by exposure to intermittent footshock (15min,0.5 mA).Prior to the test sessions, the rats were given intracranial injections of CP-154,526 (1.0μg)or vehicle into the BNST,a- mygdala,or ***:CP-154,526 injections into the BNST,but not the amygdala or NAc, attenuated footshock-stress-induced reinstatement of morphine *** contrast,CP-154,526 injections into the amygdala or NAc,but not the BNST,attenuated morphine-priming-induced reinstatement of morphine ***:The present results demonstrate dissociable roles of CRF1 receptors in the BNST,amygdala,and NAc in footshock-stress-vs morphine-priming- induced reinstatement of drug CPP.

关键词： Amygdala Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis Corticotropin-releasing factor Conditioned place preference Nucleus accumbens Opiate Reinstatement Relapse

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2021年第1期2卷 44-54页

作者： Alicia Megia-Fernandez Adam Marshall Ahsan R.Akram Bethany Mills Sunay V.Chankeshwara Emma Scholefield Amy Miele Bruce C.McGorum Chesney Michaels nathan Knighton Tom Vercauteren Francois Lacombe Veronique Dentan Annya M.Bruce joanne Mair Robert Hitchcock Nik Hirani Chris Haslett Mark Bradley Kevin Dhaliwal EaStCHEM The University of Edinburgh School of ChemistryJoseph Black BuildingWest Mains RoadEdinburghUK EH93FJ Translational Healthcare Technologies Group Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueen’s Medical Research InstituteUniversity of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEdinburgh BioQuarterEdinburghUK EH164TJ The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary Studies University of EdinburghEaster BushMidlothianUK EH259RG Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Utah36 S Wasatch DrSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA School of Biomedical Engineering&Imaging Sciences King’s College LondonLondonUK SE17EH Mauna Kea Technologies 9Rue d’EnghienParisFrance 75010

Objective and Impact *** is a need to develop platforms delineating inflammatory biology of the distal human *** describe a platform technology approach to detect in situ enzyme activity and observe drug inhibition in the distal human lung using a combination of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)optical reporters,fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy(FCFM),and a bespoke delivery *** development of new therapeutic agents is hindered by the lack of in vivo in situ experimental methodologies that can rapidly evaluate the biological activity or drug-target engagement in *** optimised a novel highly quenched optical molecular reporter of enzyme activity(FIB One)and developed a translational pathway for in-human *** demonstrate the specificity for matrix metalloproteases(MMPs)2,9,and 13 and probe dequenching within physiological levels of MMPs and feasibility of imaging within whole lung models in preclinical ***,in a first-in-human exploratory experimental medicine study of patients with fibroproliferative lung disease,we demonstrate,through FCFM,the MMP activity in the alveolar space measured through FIB One fluorescence increase(with pharmacological inhibition).*** translational in situ approach enables a new methodology to demonstrate active drug target effects of the distal lung and consequently may inform therapeutic drug development pathways.

关键词： Lung lung specificity

Comparison Between Early and Late 21stC Phytoplankton Biomass and Dimethylsulfide Flux in the Subantarctic Southern Ocean

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journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第1期19卷 151-160页

作者： QU Bo Albert jGABRIC jIANG Limei LI Chunyue School of Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China School of Environment and Science Griffith UniversityNathan Qld 4111Australia Nantong Chong Chuan School Nantong 226000China Marketing Thermo Fisher ScientificShanghai 201206China

Time-series of chlorophyll-a(CHL),a proxy for phytoplankton biomass,and various satellite-derived climate indicators are compared in a region of the Subantarctic Southern Ocean(40°-60°S,110°-140°E)for years *** reached a minimum in winter(june)and a maximum in late summer(early February).Zonal mean CHL decreased towards the *** sea surface temperature(SST)ranged between 8℃and 15℃and peaked in late *** and SST were positively correlated from March to june,negatively correlated from july to *** and wind speed(WIND)were negatively correlated with peak WIND occurred in *** direction(WIRD)was mostly in the southwest to westerly *** Antarctic Oscillation index(AAO)and CHL were negatively correlated(R=−0.58),indicating that as synoptic wind systems move southwards,CHL increases,and conversely when wind systems move northwards,CHL decreases.A genetic algorithm is used to calibrate the biogeochemical DMS model’s key *** 4×CO2(after year 2100)Regional mean SST increases 12%-17%,WIND increases 1.2ms−1,Cloud Cover increases 4.8%and mixed layer depth(MLD)decreases *** annual CHL increases 6.3%.The annual mean DMS flux increase 25.2%,increases 37%from day 1 to day 280 and decrease 3%from day 288 to day *** general increase of DMS flux under 4×CO2 conditions indicates the Subantarctic regional climate would be affected by changes in the DMS flux,with the potential for a cooling effect in the austral summer and autumn.

关键词： wind speed phytoplankton dimethylsulfide flux climate change subantarctic Southern Ocean

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设计和开展随机实施试验:研究者指南

英国医学杂志中文版 2021年第11期24卷 646-655页

作者： Luke Wolfenden Robbie Foy justin Presseau jeremy M Grimshaw Noah M Ivers Byron j Powell Monica Taljaard john Wiggers Rachel Sutherland Nicole nathan Christopher M Williams Melanie Kingsland Andrew Milat Rebecca K Hodder Sze Lin Yoong 玉炫(译) 吴守媛(译) 兰慧(译) 张静怡(译) 李沁原(校) 陈耀龙(校) School of Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Health and MedicineUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia Hunter New England Population Health Locked Bag 10WallsendNSW 2287Australia Leeds Institute of Health Sciences University of LeedsLeedsUK Clinical Epidemiology Program Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of OttawaOttawaONCanada Department of Medicine University of OttawaOttawaONCanada Women′s College Research Institute Women′s College HospitalTorontoONCanada Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care Women′s College HospitalTorontoONCanada Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Institute of Health Policy Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Brown School and School of Medicine Washington University in St LouisSt LouisMIUSA School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Swinburne University of Technology School of Health SciencesFaculty HealthArts and DesignHawthornVICAustralia 兰州大学循证医学中心世界卫生组织指南实施与知识转化合作中心

实施科学是一门研究方法的学科,旨在实践和政策中促进循证干预措施的系统实施,进而改善健康。尽管实施研究需要高质量的证据,但实施策略的随机试验往往存在较为严重的局限性。这些局限性包括存在偏倚风险、缺乏理论运用、缺乏描述实施... 详细信息

实施科学是一门研究方法的学科,旨在实践和政策中促进循证干预措施的系统实施,进而改善健康。尽管实施研究需要高质量的证据,但实施策略的随机试验往往存在较为严重的局限性。这些局限性包括存在偏倚风险、缺乏理论运用、缺乏描述实施策略标准术语、局限于实施结局以及不充分报告。本文旨在对实施策略随机试验的设计、实施和报告提供指导,以提升循证实施科学。由研究人员、卫生政策制订者和实践者组成的国际小组整合了构建随机试验方法的重要文献和实施科学的最新进展。本文为实施策略随机试验的主要内容提供指导,包括试验目的阐明、试验中人员招募和保留策略、随机设计的选择、实施科学理论和框架的使用、测量(结局指标)、样本量计算、伦理审查和试验报告。本文也关注了实施试验中需要特别重视或调整的主题。为了推进实施策略随机试验的严格开展和报告,我们建议将本指南作为研究人员、卫生保健和公共卫生政策制订者或实践者、研究资助者和期刊编辑的参考资料。

关键词：实施策略参考资料期刊编辑随机试验卫生保健伦理审查公共卫生试验报告

EXAMPLES OF RECENT ADVANCES IN SEISMIC STRUCTURAL TESTS

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EXAMPLES OF RECENT ADVANCES IN SEISMIC STRUCTURAL TESTS