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The Question of Influence： Sartre and Beauvoir

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2016年第11期6卷 1304-1309页

作者： nathalie Nya John Carroll University University Heights Ohio United States

This paper examines the relationship of Simone Beauvoir to the field of philosophy; her work and her subject position as an author. In addition, this paper examines the relation of Sartre to Beauvoir as an author. I conclude that while Beauvoir may have defined herself as a writer, her training in and her position to, philosophy should not be negated. Also, 1 add that Sartre＇s influence on the content of her body of work should be rejoiced and rather not criticized.

关键词： Beauvoir Sartre philosophy author existentialism feminism

The strength model of self-control revisited:Linking acute and chronic effects of exercise on executive functions

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第1期4卷 30-46页

作者： Michel Audiffren nathalie Andr Research Institute on Cognition and Learning (UMR CNRS 7295) University of Poitiers

Since the 1960＇s, hundreds of articles have been published on the effects of exercise on cognition and more recently on executive functions. A large variety of effects have been observed： acute or long-lasting, facilitating or debilitating. Several theoretical frameworks have been proposed to explain these effects with plausible mechanisms. However, as yet none of these models has succeeded in unifying all the observations in a single framework that subsumes all effects. The aim of the present review is to revisit the strength model of self-control initiated by Baumeister and his colleagues in the 1990＇s in order to extend its assumptions to exercise psychology. This model provides a heuristic framework that can explain and predict the effects of acute and chronic exercise on effortful tasks tapping self-regulation or executive functions. A reconsideration of exercise as a self-control task results from this perspective. A new avenue for future research is delineated besides more traditional approaches.

关键词： Adherence Effort Motivation pleasure positive mood Resource Self-regulation Training Transfer Willpower

Jean-paul Sartre, Europeans, the ＂Feminine＂ and the Negritude poems in the Black Orpheus

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2014年第9期4卷 669-680页

作者： nathalie Nya The pennsylvania State University University Park United States

The paper examines the development of ＂Negro poetry＂ from the Negritude movement through the analysis of Sartre as featured in Black Orpheus （1976）. Following the analysis of Sartre, the author looks at the Black/White binary and its cultural and political context, which is based on the dominance of Europeans over Blacks. Then the author examines how Blacks have attempted to subvert this binary through alternative political stands, such as the practice of anti-racism, and innovative cultural art and literary forms, such as the Negritude movement. Like Sartre, the author focuses on ＂Negro poetry＂ and examines its limits and the challenges it put forth against the White supremacist elements in White dominant culture. The author concludes that while ＂Negro poetry＂ reflects a step forward in the anti-racist development of Black political and cultural identities, it is a limiting method of approach that does not subvert enough White dominant culture. This position enables the author to argue that, for example, the essentialist, racist, and gender--and sex--biases within the representations and images of the ＂feminine＂ and Black women are not sufficiently critically re-represented in ＂Negro poetry＂ of the Negritude movement. The method of this approach is （1） to look at Sartre＇s writing in Black Orpheus, （2） to include the secondary literature of this text within my analysis, （3） to examine sections of ＂Negro poetry＂ as featured in Black Orpheus, and （4） to critically access the racial, sex, and gender dimensions of ＂Negro poetry＂ as they relate to the achievements of the men or artists of the Negritude movement.

关键词： Europeans/Whites Blacks colonialism race anti-racism gender negritude "feminine"

Species and endosymbiont diversity of Bemisia tabaci （Homoptera： Aleyrodidae） on vegetable crops in Senegal

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Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 386-398页

作者： Delatte Helene Baudin Remy Becker nathalie Girard Anne-Laure Ramatoulaye Sidebe Traore Lett Jean-Michel Reynaud Bernard CIRAD UMR PVBMT F-97410 Saint-Pierre La Reunion France Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Institut de Systematique Evolution Biodiversite ISYEB UMR 7205 CNRS UPMC EPHE 75005 Paris France TECHNISEM Zone d'activite Anjou Actiparc de Jumelles 49160 Longue-Jumelles France

Bemisia tabaci-transmitted geminiviruses are one of the major threats on cassava and vegetable crops in Africa. However, to date, few studies are available on the diversity orB. tabaci and their associated endosymbionts in Africa. More than 28 species have been described in the complex ofB. tabaci cryptic species; among them, 2 are invasive pests worldwide： MED and MEAM1. In order to assess the species diversity orB. tabaci in vegetable crops in Senegal, several samplings in different localities, hosts and seasons were collected and analyzed with nuclear （microsatellite） and mitochondrial （COI） markers. The bacterial endosymbiont community was also studied for each sample. Two species were detected： MED Q1 and MEAM1 B. patterns of MED Q1 （dominance on most of the samples and sites, highest nuclear and mitochondrial diversity and broader secondary endosymbiont community： Hamiltonella, Cardinium, Wolbachia and Rickettsia）, point toward a predominant resident begomovirus vector group for MED Q 1 on market gardening crops. Furthermore, the lower prevalence of the second species MEAM1 B, its lower nuclear and mitochondrial diversity and a narrower secondary endosymbiont community （Hamiltonella/Rickettsia）, indicate that this genetic group is exotic and results from a recent invasion in this area.

关键词： begomovirus vectors endosymbionts diversity MED and MEAM 1 species microsatellites mtCOI phylogeny whitefly

Chemokine system polymorphisms, survival and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第5期14卷 713-719页

作者： pierre Nahon Angela Sutton pierre Rufat Chantal Simon Jean-Claude Trinchet Liliane Gattegno Michel Beaugrand nathalie Charnaux Department of Hepatology Jean Verdier Hospital (AP-HP) Bondy 93140 France Department of Biochemistry Jean Verdier Hospital (AP-HP) Bondy 93140 France Department of public Health Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital (AP-HP) Paris 75013 France

AIM： To explore the influence of polymorphisms in genes encoding for the chemokines Stromal cell-Derived Factor-1 （SDF-1）/CXCL12 and Monocyte Chemotactic protein-1 （MCp-1）/CCL2, or for the chemokine receptor CCR5 on the risks of liver-related death and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） occurrence in hepatitis C virus （HCV）-infected patients. METHODS： SDF-1 3＇A, MCp-1 （-2518） and CCRS-△32 polymorphisms, SDF-1α, Regulated upon Activation Normal T cells Expressed and Secreted （RANTES）/CCL5 and MCp-1 serum levels were determined in 120 HCV- infected patients, included at time of cirrhosis diagnosis and prospectively followed-up. RESULTS： During follow-up, 23/120 （19.1%） patients died and 47/120 （39.1%） developed HCC. Carriers and noncarriers of each genetic marker had similar baseline characteristics estimating the severity of liver disease. The occurrence of death or HCC during follow-up was similar among carriers and noncarriers of each polymorphism. There was no association between the carriage of mutated alleles and chemokine serum levels and the latter were not associated with the risks of death or HCC. CONCLUSION： This study suggests the lack of association of SDF-1 3＇A, MCp-1 （-2518）, CCRS-△32 polymorphisms with death and HCC occurrence in cirrhotic HCV-infected patients.

关键词： Chemokine polymorphism Cirrhosis Hepatocarcinoma Hepatitis C virus

Double ischemic ileal stenosis secondary to mesenteric injury after blunt abdominal trauma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第1期14卷 143-145页

作者： Valérie Bougard Claude Avisse Martine patey Denis Germain nathalie Levy-Chazal Jean-Franois Delattre Service de Chirurgie Viscérale Digestive et Endocrinienne CHU Reims Hpital Robert Debré Reims France Martine patey Laboratoire Central d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques CHU Reims Hpital Robert Debré Reims France Denis Germain Laboratoire Photographique CHU ReimsHpital Robert Debré Reims France

The authors describe a rare case in which blunt abdominal trauma resulted in mesenteric injury with delayed double ischemic ileal stenosis. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated stenotic ileal loop with mural thickening. At surgery, a double stenotic bowel loop was found adjacent to a healed defect in the mesentery. Histological examination of the two resected segments showed fibrotic and ischemic lesions within the mesentery. Ischemic intestinal stenosis from mesenteric injury should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients suffering from intestinal occlusion with a history of blunt abdominal trauma.

关键词： Blunt abdominal trauma Mesenteric injury Intestinal stenosis Obstruction

Testicular sperm extraction(TESE)outcomes in the context of malignant disease:a systematic review

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第6期24卷 584-590页

作者： Ludmilla Ogouma Isabelle Berthaut Rachel Lévy Rahaf Haj Hamid Marie prades Marie Audouin nathalie Sermondade Charlotte Dupont Fertility Center(Service de Biologie de la Reproduction CECOS) Tenon Hospital(AP-HPSorbonne-Universite)Paris F-75020France Sorbonne University Saint Antoine Research CenterInserm Us938Paris F-75012France Fertility Center Diaconesses HospitalParis F-75012France

Advances in the oncology field have led to improved survival ***,quality of life after remission is anticipated,which includes the possibility to conceive *** cancer treatments are potentially gonadotoxic,fertility preservation must be *** fertility preservation is mainly based on ejaculated sperm *** this is not possible,testicular sperm extraction(TESE)may be *** identify situations in which TESE has been beneficial,a systematic review was *** search was carried out on the pubMed,Scopus,Google Scholar,and CISMeF databases from 1 January 2000 to 19 March *** Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(pRISMA)recommendations were followed in selecting items of ***-four articles were included in the systematic review,including 15 articles on oncological testicular sperm extraction(oncoTESE),18 articles on postgonadotoxic treatment TESE and 1 article on both oncoTESE and postgonadotoxic treatment *** sperm freezing was possible for 42.9%to 57.7%of patients before gonadotoxic treatment and for 32.4%to 75.5%of patients after gonadotoxic treatment,depending on the type of malignant *** no formal conclusion could be drawn about the chances to obtain sperm in specific situations,our results suggest that TESE can be proposed before and after gonadotoxic *** treatment,TESE is more often proposed for men with testicular cancer presenting with azoospermia since TESE can be performed simultaneously with tumor removal or *** chemotherapy,TESE may be planned if the patient presents with persistent azoospermia.

关键词： cancer fertility preservation oncological testicular sperm extraction spermatozoa testicular sperm extraction

Unraveling pathological mechanisms in neurological disorders:the impact of cell-based and organoid models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2131-2140页

作者： Jake Langlie Rahul Mittal Ariel Finberg nathalie B.Bencie Jeenu Mittal Hossein Omidian Yadollah Omidi Adrien A.Eshraghi Department of Otolaryngology Hearing Research and Communication Disorders LaboratoryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA College of pharmacy Nova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFLUSA Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA Department of pediatrics University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Cell-based models are a promising tool in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurological disorders as well as aiding in the discovery and development of future drug *** greatest challenge is creating cell-based models that encapsulate the vast phenotypic presentations as well as the underlying genotypic etiology of these *** this article,we discuss the recent advancements in cell-based models for understanding the pathophysiology of neurological *** reviewed studies discussing the progression of cell-based models to the advancement of three-dimensional models and organoids that provide a more accurate model of the pathophysiology of neurological disorders in *** better we understand how to create more precise models of the neurological system,the sooner we will be able to create patient-specific models and large libraries of these neurological *** three-dimensional models can be used to discover the linking factors to connect the varying phenotypes,such models will also help to understand the early pathophysiology of these neurological disorders and how they are affected by their *** three-dimensional cell models will allow us to create more specific treatments and uncover potentially preventative measures in neurological disorders such as autism spectrum disorder,parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis autism spectrum disorder cell-based model central nervous system induced pluripotent stem cells mesenchymal stem cells organoid model organ-on-a-chip parkinson’s disease three-dimensional model

Ageing evaluation of cable insulations subjected to radiation ageing:Application of principal component analyses to Fourier Transform Infra-Red and dielectric spectroscopy

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High Voltage 2022年第4期7卷 652-665页

作者： Simone Vincenzo Suraci Sandrine Amat Lea Hippolyte Astrid Malechaux Davide Fabiani Claire Le Gall Océane Juan nathalie Dupuy LIMES Department of ElectricalElectronic and Information EngineeringUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly Aix Marseille University Avignon UniversitéCNRSMarseilleFrance Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire MarseilleFrance

The evolution of properties of crosslinked polyethylene(XLpE)-based insulating mate-rials under radio-chemical ageing conditions is presented and *** total,seven different polymer compounds were tested,characterised by an increasing quantity of additives,for example,antioxidants(AOs)and fillers as flame *** were analysed using different testing techniques,that is,Fourier Transform Infra-Red and dielectric *** allowed a broad characterisation of the polymer,bringing to good correlations between the arising of new chemical groups caused by ageing and the modifications on the complex ***-based AOs are found to be the most efficient in terms of protection against *** the contrary,flame retardants are concluded not to have any impact on the material *** data were then treated using the principal component *** data treatment successfully distinguished the material composition(with and without additives)and the ageing *** results confirm the relevance of this analysis in understanding the impact of irradiation on the chemical and functional properties of the polymer materials studied.

关键词： component principal bringing