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Cytokine and Antioxidant Regulation in the Intestine of the Gray Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus) During Torpor

Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2015年第2期13卷 127-135页

作者： Shannon n.Tessier Barbara A.Katzenback Fabien Pifferi Martine Perret Kenneth B.Storey Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology Carleton University Department of Surgery & Center for Engineering in Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School Department of Biology University of Waterloo UMR 7179 Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique Muse'um National d'Histoire Naturelle

During food shortages, the gray mouse lemur（Microcebus murinus） of Madagascar experiences daily torpor thereby reducing energy expenditures. The present study aimed to understand the impacts of torpor on the immune system and antioxidant response in the gut of these *** interaction may be of critical importance given the trade-off between the energetically costly immune response and the need to defend against pathogen entry during hypometabolism. The protein levels of cytokines and antioxidants were measured in the small intestine（duodenum, jejunum,and ileum） and large intestine of aroused and torpid lemurs. While there was a significant decrease of some pro-inflammatory cytokines（IL-6 and TnF-a） in the duodenum and jejunum during torpor as compared to aroused animals, there was no change in anti-inflammatory cytokines. We observed decreased levels of cytokines（IL-12p70 and M-CSF）, and several chemokines（MCP-1and MIP-2） but an increase in MIP-1a in the jejunum of the torpid animals. In addition, we evaluated antioxidant response by examining the protein levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity provided by metabolites such as glutathione（and others）. Our results indicatedthat levels of antioxidant enzymes did not change between torpor and aroused states, although antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the ileum during torpor. These data suggest a suppression of the immune response, likely as an energy conservation measure, and a limited role of antioxidant defenses in supporting torpor in lemur intestine.

关键词： Primate torpor Cytokines Chemokines Antioxidant enzymes Gut immunology

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FInITE ELEMEnT nUMERICAL SIMULATIOn OF TEMPERATURE FIELD In METAL PATTERn CASTInG SYSTEM AnD "REVERSE METHOD" OF DEFInInG THE THERMAL PHYSICAL COEFFICIEnT

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2007年第3期20卷 217-224页

作者： L. Chen P.L. Wang P.n. Song J.Y. Zhang Mechanical Engineering College Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300191China

With the technology support of virtual reality and AnSYS software, an example on the simulation of temperature distribution of casting system during the solidification process was provided, which took the latent heat of phase change, the conditions for convection, and the interface heat transfer coefficient into consideration. The result of AnSYS was found to agree well with the test data. This research offers an unorthodox way or ＂reverse method＂ of defining the relevant thermal physical coefficient.

关键词： solidification process reverse method AnSYS software

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Laboratory pull-out tests on fully grouted rock bolts and cable bolts:Results and lessons learned

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第5期9卷 843-855页

作者： Isabelle Thenevin Laura Blanco-Martín Faouzi Hadj-Hassen Jacques Schleifer Zbigniew Lubosik Aleksander Wrana MInES ParisTech Department of Geosciences PSL Research University 35 rue Saint Honoré Fontainebleau Cedex 77305 France Department of Extraction Technology and Mining Support Central Mining Institute (GIG) Katowice Poland

Laboratory pull-out tests were conducted on the following rock bolts and cable bolts:steel rebars,smooth steel bars,fiberglass reinforced polymer threaded bolts,flexible cable bolts,IR5/In special cable bolts and Mini-cage cable *** diameter of the tested bolts was between 16 mm and 26 *** bolts were grouted in a sandstone sample using resin or cement *** tests were conducted under either constant radial stiffness or constant confining pressure boundary conditions applied on the outer surface of the rock *** most tests,the rate of displacement was about 0.02 mm/*** tests were performed using a pull-out bench that allows testing a wide range of *** paper provides an extensive database of laboratory pull-out test results and confirms the influence of the confining pressure and the embedment length on the pull-out response(rock bolts and cable bolts).It also highlights the sensitivity of the results to the operating conditions and to the behavior of the sample as a whole,which cannot be neglected when the test results are used to assess the bolt-grout or the grouterock interface.

关键词： Pull-out test Fully grouted bolts Laboratory-scale Confining pressure Embedment length Bolt-grout interface

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Yersinia pestis: examining wildlife plague surveillance in China and the USA

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第1期7卷 99-109页

作者： Sarah n.BEVInS John A.BAROCH Dale L.nOLTE Min ZHAnG Hongxuan HE US Department of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Disease ProgramFort CollinsColoradoUSA Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of ZoologyBeijingChina

Plague is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis Lehmann and neumann,*** it is essentially a disease of rodents,plague can also be transmitted to ***,plague has caused mas-sive morbidity and mortality events in human populations,and has recently been classified as a reemerging dis-ease in many parts of the *** public health threat has led many countries to set up wild and domestic an-imal surveillance programs in an attempt to monitor plague activity that could potentially spill over into human *** China and the USA have plague surveillance programs in place,but the disease dynamics dif-fer in each *** present data on plague seroprevalence in wildlife and review different approaches for plague surveillance in the 2 *** need to better comprehend plague dynamics,combined with the fact that there are still several thousand human plague cases per year,make well-designed wildlife surveillance pro-grams a critical part of both understanding plague risks to humans and preventing disease outbreaks in the future.

关键词： plague sentinel species surveillance Yersinia pestis

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Liver disease and erythropoietic protoporphyria:A concise review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第36期16卷 4526-4531页

作者： María José Casanova-González María Trapero-Marugán E Anthony Jones Ricardo Moreno-Otero Department of the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital Universitario de la Princesa and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas(CIBEREHD)Madrid 28006Spain

The porphyries are a group of metabolic disorders characterized by deficiencies in the activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of *** erythropoietic protoporphyria(EPP),in the majority of cases an autosomal dominant disease,there is a mutation of the gene that encodes ferrochelatase(FECH).FECH deficiency is associated with increased concentrations of protoporphyrin in erythrocytes,plasma,skin and *** prevalence of this inherited disorder oscillates between 1:75 000 and 1:200 *** manifestations of EPP appear in early infancy upon first exposure to the ***,approximately 5%-20% of patients with EPP develop liver *** of protoporphyrin in the liver is associated with cholestatic phenomena and oxidative stress that predisposes to hepatobiliary disease of varying degrees of severity,such as cholelithiasis,mild parenchymal liver disease,progressive hepatocellular disease with end-stage liver disease and acute liver *** damage is the major risk in EPP patients,so surveillance and frequent clinical and biochemical liver follow-up is *** diagnostic approach consists in detecting increased levels of protoporphyrin,decreased activity of FECH and genetic analysis of the FECH gene.A variety of nonsurgical therapeutic approaches have been adopted for the management of EPP associated with liver disease,but none of these has been shown to be unequivocally ***,some may have a place in preparing patients for liver *** transplantation does not correct the constitutional deficiency of ***,there is a risk of recurrence of liver disease after liver transplantation as a result of continuing overproduction of *** authors recommend that bone marrow transplantation should be considered in liver allograft recipients to prevent recurrence of hepatic disease.

关键词： Erythropoietic protoporphyria Protoporphyrin Liver Ferrochelatase

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Role of the endothelium in inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第5期17卷 578-593页

作者： Walter E Cromer J Michael Mathis Daniel n Granger Ganta V Chaitanya J Steven Alexander Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport1501 Kings HighwayShreveportLA 71130-3932United States Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport1501 Kings HighwayShreveportLA 71130-3932United States

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) are a complex group of diseases involving alterations in mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal physiology during both initiation and progressive phases of the *** the core of these alterations are endothelial cells,whose continual adjustments in structure and function coordinate vascular supply,immune cell emigration,and regulation of the tissue *** of the endothelium in IBD(angiogenesis),mediated by inflammatory growth factors,cytokines and chemokines,is a hallmark of active gut disease and is closely related to disease *** endothelium in newly formed or inflamed vessels differs from that in normal vessels in the production of and response to inflammatory cytokines,growth factors,and adhesion molecules,altering coagulant capacity,barrier function and blood cell recruitment in *** review examines the roles of the endothelium in the initiation and propagation of IBD pathology and distinctive features of the intestinal endothelium contributing to these conditions.

关键词：血管内皮细胞胃肠道疾病炎症炎性细胞因子免疫细胞生长因子环境监管趋化因子

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Use of Mussel Shells as a Soil Amendment:Effects on Bulk and Rhizosphere Soil and Pasture Production

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Pedosphere 2012年第2期22卷 152-164页

作者： E.LVAREZ M.J.FERnnDEZ-SAnJURJO n.SECO A.nUEZ Departamento de Edafologia y Quimica Agricola Escuela Politécnica SuperiorUniversidad de Santiago de CompostelaCampus Universitario

Large quantities of mussel shells(66 000-94 000 t year 1),an alkaline material that can be used as a soil amendment,are generated as waste in Galicia,nW Spain.A field trial was carried out by planting different pasture species in a Haplic Umbrisol using a randomized block design with four blocks and six treatments(not amended control or soil amended with lime,finely ground shell,coarsely ground shell,finely ground calcined shell or coarsely ground calcined shell) to compare the effects of lime and mussel shells additions on a soil with a low cation exchange capacity and high Al *** trial was established in March 2007,and samples of plants and soil were collected when plots were harvested in summer 2008(separating the bulk and rhizosphere soil).The soils were analyzed for pH,total C,total n,available P,exchangeable cations,effective cation exchange capacity and available *** matter yield was measured in all plots and plants were analyzed for *** of mussel shells and the commercial lime resulted in an increase in pH and exchangeable Ca and a decrease in exchangeable Al and Al *** stability of pH over time was *** effects were most noticeable in the *** amendment also had a positive effect on dry matter yield and concentration of Ca in the plant.

关键词：根际土壤贝壳散装修订阳离子交换容量土壤pH值阳离子交换能力干物质产量

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Groundwater occurrence and flow patterns in the Ishiagu mining area of southeastern nigeria

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第1期6卷 18-28页

作者： I.C.EZEKWE E.ODUBO G.n.CHIMA I.S.OnWUCHEKWA Department of Geography and Environmental Management Niger Delta UniversityWilberforce IslandPMB 071YeneganaNigeria Department of Geography and Planning Abia State UniversityPMB 2000UtumNigeria

The Ishiagu area is a water scarce region and has played host to mining activities for more than four decades. Mining-related activities have become a threat to potable water supply in the area. This paper is an attempt to show the extent of this threat and in particular, investigate the regional groundwater occurrence and flow pattem based on GPS, water well and geological data. This basin- wide model can be used for further groundwater assess- ment, pollution control and contaminant management. Groundwater occurs between 2.4 and 9 m in the Lekwesi- Lokpaukwu area; 1.5-3.7 m in the ndi-Ugbugbor-Ayaragu axis and 1.2-4.6 m in the Ishiagu area. Recharge areas include the Leru-Amaubiri-Lekwesi sandstone hills and the Ihetutu-Ugwuajirija mine field. While the ultimate sink of contamiants is the Ivo River system, other discharge axis is the Ishiagu-Ayaragu axis and the Ogwor ndi- Ugbugbor zone. An unconfined and a confined （〉 10） circulation groundwater system was inferred, and flow model reveals that a large part of Ishiag-Ayaragu and ndi- Ugbugbor part of the study area suffer polluted recharge from the Pb/Zn mining area. Groundwater was also subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis and the existence of 3-4 hydrological regimes, which revealed： Unpolluted recharge areas, areas affected by polluted recharge, a deep water and shallow water circulation and mine effluents.

关键词： groundwater flow mining heavy metals,pollution cluster analysis Ishiagu nigeria

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Preparation of quantum size of tin oxide: Structural and physical characterization

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Progress in natural Science:Materials International 2016年第2期26卷 145-151页

作者： n.M.Shaalan D.Hamad A.Y.Abdel-Latief M.A.Abdel-Rahim Physics Department Faculty of Science Assiut University

SnO2nPs were successfully prepared via a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction analysis con fi rmed the rutile tetragonal structure of SnO2nPs. The crystallite size increased from 1.18 to 5.06 nm with increasing the preparation temperature from 100 to 180 °C. The SEM photography of the products exhibited the agglomeration of the SnO2nanocrystals to large view particles, while TEM images con fi rmed the polycrystalline phase and crystallite size those analyzed from XRD. The UV–vis absorption of ethanol suspended SnO2nPs was measured. The optical band-gap energies（Eg） were signi fi cantly blue-shifted due to quantum con fi nement. Fluorescence spectra came to con fi rm this shift, where a clear shift in the maximum emission peak was observed. Stokes shift of SnO2nanocrystals was found to be crystallite size dependent.

关键词： nanostructures Tin dioxide Luminescence Optical properties

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How large are the extinct giant insular rodents? new body mass estimations from teeth and bones

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第2期9卷 197-212页

作者： Blanca MOnCUnILL-SOLÉ Xavier JORDAnA nekane MARÍn-MORATALLA Salvador MOYÀ-SOLÀ Meike KÖHLER Catalan Institute of Paleontology Miquel Crusafont Autonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterraSpain ICREA at Catalan Institute of Paleontology Miquel Crusafont Autonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Department of Ecology University of BarcelonaSpain

The island rule entails a modification of the body size of insular mammals,a character related with numerous biological and ecological *** the Miocene to human colonization(Holocene),Mediterranean and Canary Islands were unaltered natural ecosystems,with paleofaunas formed with endemic giant rodents among other *** aim is to create methods to estimate the body masses of fossil island rodents and address the nature of ecological pressures driving the island *** created regression equations based on extant ro-dent data and used these to estimate the body masses of the extinct *** results show strong correlations between teeth,cranial and postcranial measurements and body mass,except for the length of the long bones,the transversal diameter of the distal tibia and the anteroposterior diameter of the proximal tibia,where the equa-tions were less *** use of equations obtained from a more homogeneous group(suborder and family)is preferable when analyzing the area of the first *** new regressions were applied to estimate the body masses of some Mediterranean and Canarian fossil rodents(Canariomys,*** 1.5 kg and *** 1 kg;Hypnomys,*** 230 g and *** 200 g;and Muscardinus cyclopeus 100 g).Our results indi-cate that under absence of predation,resource availability(island area)is the key factor that determines the size of the Canariomys ***,under presence of specialized predators(birds of prey),body size evolution is less pronounced(Hypnomys sp.).

关键词： body mass Canariomys Hypnomys island rule Muscardinus cyclopeus

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