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Characterisation of undigested components throughout the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens fed either a wheat-or maizebased diet

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 153-159页

作者： Eunjoo Kim natalie K.Morgan Amy F.Moss Lily Li Peter Ader Mingan Choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia BASF South East Asia038987Singapore BASF SE 68623LampertheimGermany

This study was to characterise the undigested nutrients present along the gastrointestinal tract of birds offered common wheat-or maize-based diets,with the goal of optimising utilisation of enzymes to enhance digestive ***-and maize-based diets were offered to 240 mixed-sex broilers(10 birds/pen;n=12)from 1 to 35 d *** of dry matter,starch,crude protein and nonstarch polysaccharides(NSP)were measured in the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,caeca and excreta at d 12 and 35 *** of nutrient levels in the excreta presented that more than 30%of nutrients provided in the feed was wasted,irrespective of wheat or maize diet *** average,92 g/kg crude protein,92 g/kg insoluble NSP and 14 g/kg oligosaccharides were not utilised by birds at d 12 *** quantity of water-insoluble NSP in the small intestine at d 12 was lower in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05),with the reverse being true for water-soluble NSP(P<0.001).On average,84 g/kg crude protein,79 g/kg insoluble NSP and 9 g/kg oligosaccharides remained in the excreta at 35 d of *** this time period,accumulation of feed in the gizzard was noted for birds offered both diets,but was more pronounced in those offered the maize-based diet(P<0.001).Birds offered the maize-based diet demonstrated improved utilisation of oligosaccharides compared to those fed the wheat-based diet at both d 12 and 35(P=0.087 and P=0.047,respectively).Protein utilisation in the jejunum and ileum was greater in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P=0.004 and P<0.001,respectively).Thus,while both diets supported standard growth performance of birds,the degree and flow of nutrient disappearance along the gastrointestinal tract was influenced by cereal type and bird age.

关键词： Broiler chicken Nutrient digestibility Undigested dietary component

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Membrane bioreactors for hospital wastewater treatment: recent advancements in membranes and processes

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 634-660页

作者： Yan Zhao Yangbo Qiu natalie Mamrol Longfei Ren Xin Li Jiahui Shao Xing Yang Bart van der Bruggen Department of Chemical Engineering KU LeuvenB-3001 LeuvenBelgium School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA

Discharged hospital wastewater contains various pathogenic microorganisms,antibiotic groups,toxic organic compounds,radioactive elements,and ionic *** contaminants harm the environment and human health causing the spread of ***,effective treatment of hospital wastewater is an urgent task for sustainable ***,with controllable porous and nonporous structures,have been rapidly developed for molecular *** particular,membrane bioreactor(MBR)technology demonstrated high removal efficiency toward organic compounds and low waste sludge *** further enhance the separation efficiency and achieve material recovery from hospital waste streams,novel concepts of MBRs and their applications are rapidly evolved through hybridizing novel membranes(non hydrophilic ultrafiltration/microfiltration)into the MBR units(hybrid MBRs)or the MBR as a pretreatment step and integrating other membrane processes as subsequent secondary purification step(integrated MBR-membrane systems).However,there is a lack of reviews on the latest advancement in MBR technologies for hospital wastewater treatment,and analysis on its major challenges and future *** review started with an overview of main pollutants in common hospital wastewater,followed by an understanding on the key performance indicators/criteria in MBR membranes(i.e.,solute selectivity)and processes(e.g.,fouling).Then,an in-depth analysis was provided into the recent development of hybrid MBR and integrated MBR-membrane system concepts,and applications correlated with wastewater sources,with a particular focus on hospital *** is anticipated that this review will shed light on the knowledge gaps in the field,highlighting the potential contribution of hybrid MBRs and integrated MBRmembrane systems toward global epidemic prevention.

关键词： membrane technology membrane bioreactor hospital wastewater hybrid MBR integrated MBR-membrane system

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Comparison of Diaton transpalpebral tonometer with applanation tonometry in keratoconus

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第3期9卷 395-398页

作者： Robert PL Wisse natalie Peeters Saskia M Imhof Allegonda van der Lelij Utrecht Corneal Research Group Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht 3508 GA The Netherlands

AIM： To Investigate the added value of using a Diaton transpalpebral tonometer （DT） to measure lOP in keretoconus. Most type of tonometers use corneal applanation or biomechanical resistance to measure intraocular pressure （lOP）; however, these factors can be altered by keratoconus. Specifically, we examined whether DT can detect false-negative low Goldmann applanation tonometry （AT） measurements. METHODS： Patients with keratoconus were recruited from our tertiary academic treatment center. Measurements included AT and DT （in random order） and Scheimpflug imaging. An age- and gender-matched group of control subjects with no history of corneal disease or glaucoma was also recruited. RESULTS： In total, 130 eyes from 66 participants were assessed. In the keratoconus group, mean AT was 11.0± 2.6, mean DT 11±5.5 （P =0.729）and the two measures were correlated significantly（P=0.006, R=0.323）. However, a Bland-Altman plot revealed a wide distribution and poor agreement between both measurements. Previous corneal crosslinking, corneal pachymetry, and Krumeich classification had no effect on measured IOP. CONCLUSION： Measurements obtained using a Diaton tonometer are not affected by corneal biomechanics; however, its poor agreement with Goldmann AT values calls into question the added value of using a Diaton tonometer to measure lOP in keratoconus.

关键词： Diaton Goldmann applanation tonometry transpalpebral tonometry keratoconus Bland-Altman plot

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Ribosomal proteins and human diseases:molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第9期6卷 2748-2769页

作者： Jian Kang natalie Brajanovski Keefe T.Chan Jiachen Xuan Richard B.Pearson Elaine Sanij Division of Cancer Research Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVICAustralia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Clinical Pathology University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia St.Vincent's Institute of Medical Research FitzroyVICAustralia

Ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis are fundamental rate-limiting steps for cell growth and *** ribosomal proteins(RPs),comprising the structural parts of the ribosome,are essential for ribosome assembly and *** addition to their canonical ribosomal functions,multiple RPs have extra-ribosomal functions including activation of p53-dependent or p53-independent pathways in response to stress,resulting in cell cycle arrest and *** in ribosome biogenesis,translation,and the functions of individual RPs,including mutations in RPs have been linked to a diverse range of human congenital disorders termed *** are characterized by tissue-specific phenotypic abnormalities and higher cancer risk later in *** discoveries of somatic mutations in RPs in multiple tumor types reinforce the connections between ribosomal defects and *** this article,we review the most recent advances in understanding the molecular consequences of RP mutations and ribosomal defects in ribosomopathies and *** particularly discuss the molecular basis of the transition from hypo-to hyper-proliferation in ribosomopathies with elevated cancer risk,a paradox termed"Dameshek's riddle."Furthermore,we review the current treatments for ribosomopathies and prospective therapies targeting ribosomal *** also highlight recent advances in ribosome stress-based cancer ***,insights into the mechanisms of resistance to therapies targeting ribosome biogenesis bring new perspectives into the molecular basis of cancer susceptibility in ribosomopathies and new clinical implications for cancer therapy.

关键词： elevated mechanisms consequences

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The flow of non-starch polysaccharides along the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens fed either a wheat-or maize-based diet

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 138-142页

作者： Eunjoo Kim natalie K.Morgan Amy FMoss Lily Li Peter Ader Mingan Choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia BASF South East Asia 038987Singapore BASF SE 68623LampertheimGermany

The present study characterised the types and amounts of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)remaining undigested along the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)of broiler chickens offered a typical wheat-or maizebased ***-day old Cobb 500 mixed-sex chicks were assigned to 24 pens,with 10 birds/pen and 12 pens/*** were offered the experimental diets in 3 phases(starter,day 0 to 10;grower,day 11 to 24 and finisher,day 25 to 35).Excreta and digesta samples from the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and caeca were collected at 12 and 35 days of age,and analysed for the NSP *** wheat-based diet contained higher levels of soluble NSP than the maize-based diet,whereas insoluble NSP levels were similar between the 2 *** analysis of NSP constituents revealed that arabinoxylans were the primary NSP in the wheat-based diet,mostly in insoluble *** were the predominant NSP in the maize-based diet,followed by ***,birds offered the wheatbased diet presented higher levels of soluble NSP remaining in all gut sections compared to birds offered the maize-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(P<0.050).Accumulation of insoluble NSP in the gizzard was noted in birds fed both diets,but was more pronounced in birds offered the maize-based diet compared to the wheat-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(P<0.001).The present study highlights marked differences in the amounts and types of NSP delivered to the different gut sections when feeding wheat-compared to maize-based diets,particularly in the gizzard and the lower GIT of birds.

关键词： Broiler chickens Soluble fibre Insoluble fibre Non-starch polysaccharides

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Voicing voluntary childlessness

Voicing voluntary childlessness

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作者： (author..1977-)natalie Edwards

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An early feeding regime and a high-density amino acid diet on growth performance of broilers under subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 25-32页

作者： Chake Keerqin Shu-Biao Wu Birger Svihus Robert Swick natalie Morgan Mingan Choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Broilers that have early access to feed have been shown to have enhanced immune system and gut development and heightened resilience against necrotic enteritis(NE). This study examined the effect of early feeding a high amino acid density diet on performance of broilers under a sub-clinical NE challenge model. Ross 308 broilers(n = 576) were assigned to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 feeding regimes(feed access either within 6 h post-hatch or after 48 h post-hatch), 2 diets(control diet or the control diet with an additional 10% digestible amino acids [HAA]) and either presence or absence of NE *** administrations of Eimeria species(d 9) and a field strain of Clostridium perfringens(d 14) were used to induce NE, Broiler performance was analysed at d 13.23.30 and 35, Intestinal lesion score and bacterial count were analysed on d 16. The NE challenge reduced overall bird performance and induced severe intestinal lesions, without causing notable mortality. At d 23 bird weight was significantly lower(P < 0.001) in the challenged birds compared with the unchallenged birds, but by d 30 the challenged birds had recovered and challenge no longer had an impact on bird performance. Birds fed the HAA diet had greater body weight by d 35 and heightened Lactobacillus content in the ileum at d 16(P < 0.05).Birds that were fed the HAA diet after a period of fasting performed better in terms of feed conversion ratio(FCR) under challenge. The findings from this study suggest there are beneficial effects of feeding high amino acid diets to birds in response to external stresses, such as post-hatch fasting and subclinical NE.

关键词： Early feeding Amino acid Necrotic enteritis Broiler chicken

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Effect of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans on net energy and nutrient utilization in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 56-62页

作者： natalie K.Morgan Chake Keerqin Andrew Wallace Shu-Biao Wu Mingan Choct University of New England School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England School of Science & Technology

Arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides(AXOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans(AX) that can be fermented by the gut microbiota, thus potentially displaying prebiotic properties. This study examined the effects of AX and AXOS on net energy(NE) and nutrient utilization in broilers. Ross 308 broilers(n = 90, 30 birds per treatment) were fed wheat-soybean diets supplemented with pure AX, AXOS produced by exposing the AX to xylanase in vitro(AXOS), or AX with xylanase(AX + E) from d 10 to *** parameters were measured from d 10 to 21. On d 15, 10 birds per treatment were allocated to closed-circuit net energy chambers to assess the impact of AX and AXOS on dietary energy utilization,through assessment of both metabolisable energy(ME) and NE. Ileal and caecal digesta samples were collected on d 21 to determine the effect of AX and AXOS on ileal and total tract dry matter digestibility,ileal digestible energy, digesta pH, short chain fatty acids(SCFA) and microbiota concentration. Feed conversion ratio was numerically the lowest in birds fed the diet supplemented with AXOS, which is 1.26 compared to 1.37 and 1.30 for AX and AX + E, respectively. Ileal dry matter digestibility was higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.047). Ileal digestible energy and total tract dry matter digestibility were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX or AX + E(P = 0.004 and P = 0.001,respectively). Birds fed AXOS had higher ME intake(P = 0.049) and nitrogen retention(P = 0.001) and a strong trend of higher NE(P = 0.056), NE intake(P = 0.057) and retained energy(P = 0.054) compared to those fed AX. Ileal total SCFA, lactic and formic acid concentrations were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.011, P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively). Birds fed AXOS or AX + E had higher caecal total SCFA, acetic, butyric and isovaleric acid concentrations compared to those fed AX(P = 0.001,P = 0.004, P = 0.016 and P = 0.008, respectively), and caecal propionic a

关键词： Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharides Xylanase Broilers Prebiotic

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Non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes may improve performance when included in wheat- but not maize-based diets fed to broiler chickens under subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 54-67页

作者： Eunjoo Kim Amy F.Moss natalie K.Morgan Kosar Gharib-Naseri Peter Ader Mingan Choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia BASF SE 68623LampertheimGermany

The present study investigated whether supplementing fibre-degrading enzymes can ameliorate the severity of subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets.A total of 1,544 mixed-sex broiler chickens were assigned to 16 experimental treatments as a 2×2×4 factorial arrangement of *** factors were the following:NE challenge,yes or no;diet type,wheat-or maize-based;and enzyme supplementation,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Each treatment was replicated 6 times,with 16 birds per replicate pen.A three-way challenge×diet type×enzyme interaction occurred for body weight at 21 d of age(P=0.025)and overall feed conversion ratio(P=0.001).In the non-challenged birds fed the wheat-based diet,supplementing MAN increased d 21 body weight compared to the *** challenged birds fed the maize-based diet,supplemental XYN11 impeded body weight and overall FCR compared to the *** offered the maize-based diet presented heavier relative gizzard weights at both 16 and 21 d of age(P<0.001)and reduced liveability(P=0.046)compared to those fed the wheatbased *** supplementation reduced ileal and jejunal digesta viscosity at 16 d of age only in birds fed the wheat-based diet(P<0.001).XYN11 increased ileal digesta viscosity in birds fed the maizebased diet,and MAN reduced it in birds fed the wheat-based diet at 21 d of age(P=0.030).Supplementing XYN11 improved ileal soluble non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)digestibility in birds fed the wheat-based diet compared to non-supplemented birds(P<0.001).Birds fed the wheat-based diet displayed a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae and butyric acid in the caeca at 16 d of age compared to birds fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplemental XYN11 exacerbated the negative impact of NE on growth performance in birds fed the maizebased *** wheat-based diets with

关键词： Broiler chicken Carbohydrase Mannanase Necrotic enteritis Prebiotic oligosaccharides Xylanase

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Ileal profile of non-starch polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in response to exogenous enzymes in broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 207-215页

The present study evaluated the impacts of fibre-degrading enzymes on the profiles of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)and oligosaccharides(OS)in the ileum of broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge.A 224 factorial arrangement of treatments was *** were the following:NE challenge,no or yes;diet type,wheat-or maizebased;and supplemental enzymes,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Birds in the challenged group were inoculated with Eimeria on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14 and 15.A 3-way interaction(P=0.047)occurred on overall(d 0 to 16)weight *** NE was present,all the supplemental enzymes increased weight gain in birds fed the wheat-based diet;whereas in those fed the maize-based diet supplemental XYN10 and XYN11 decreased weight *** NE was absent,birds fed the wheat-based diet supplemented with XYN10 or MAN presented increased weight gain compared to non-supplemented birds,but no improvements with enzyme addition were observed in birds fed the maize-based diet.A 3-way interaction(P=0.002)was observed on insoluble NSP level in the *** NE was absent,all the supplemental enzymes reduced the ileal level of insoluble NSP,regardless of diet *** the challenged birds,supplementing XYN10 and MAN reduced insoluble NSP level in the ileum,but only in birds fed the wheat-based *** soluble NSP level was reduced by supplemental XYN11 and MAN,but only in birds fed the wheatbased diet,resulting in a 2-way diet typeenzyme interaction(P<0.001).Ileal OS arabinose(P=0.030)level was highest in birds offered the wheat-based diet supplemented with ***,supplementation of NSP-degrading enzymes to the wheat-based diet enhanced bird performance regardless of NE challenge,with XYN11 significantly increasing oligosaccharide ***,enzyme addition did not improve growth performance in birds fed maize-based diet

关键词： Broiler chicken Non-starch polysaccharide Subclinical necrotic enteritis Oligosaccharide

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