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Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases and Structural Indicators in an Epidemiological Transition Country

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2020年第1期10卷 32-42页

作者： natalia romero-sandoval S. Ramiro Canelos Héctor Javier Sánchez-Pérez Ricardo romero Fernando Cornejo Miguel Martín-Mateo Escuela de Medicina Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y de la Vida Universidad Internacional del Ecuador Quito Ecuador Grups de Reserca d’Amèrica i àfrica Llatines-GRAAL Cerdanyola del Vallés España Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas Universidad Internacional del Ecuador Quito Ecuador El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-ECOSUR San Cristóbal de Las Casas Chiapas México Instituto Geográfico Militar Seniergues E4-676 y Gral. Telmo Paz y Miño Quito Ecuador Facultad de Medicina Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial Bourgeois Quito Ecuador Unidad de Bioestadística Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallés Barcelona Spain

Objective: To determine associations between standardized prevalence ratios of Metabolic Syndrome (MS), High Blood Pressure (HBP), and Obesity (O) with structural factors in ecuadorian population aged 20 to 59. Methods: An ecological study was conducted through data from the Ecuador’s National Health and Nutrition Survey 2013-2014, and National Census. Standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) variability was analyzed with Poisson multiple regression models (adjusted Relative Risk). Results: The SPR variability for the three diseases was associated with non-affiliation to social security, and inversely related to lower urbanization. HBP and O were associated with functional illiteracy and higher rates of primary care physicians/1000 inhabitants. HBP and MS were related to poor housing. Conclusions: Policies of non-communicable chronic diseases control in ecological transition countries need to take structural variations into account.

关键词： Chronic Illness Social Inequality Statistical Analysis Policy Process Ecuador

Quito Municipal Schools—Cohort Study: Self-Perception of Body Image and Factors Related with It

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2014年第3期4卷 122-128页

作者： natalia romero-sandoval Oscar Flores Carmen Egas Gabriela Villamar Zuleica Larrea Manuel Cruz Laura Icaza Miguel Martín Postgrado de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Central del Ecuador Quito Ecuador Unidad Metropolitana de Salud Centro Municipio del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito Quito Ecuador Universidad Internacional del Ecuador Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y la Vida Escuela de Medicina Quito Ecuador

Self-perception of body image is one factor to be considered when planning and performing preventive initiatives and interventions in childhood and adolescence. The aim of this study was to analyse self-perception of body image in relation to body-mass index, physical inactivity, not eating breakfast, dieting, smoking and alcohol consumption or toxic habits. Materials and Methods: using data from the “Quito municipal schools” cohort study 6964 students aged from 9 to 17 years were described using a multivariate log linear model of the multidimensional table generated by the variables. A logistic regression model was then fitted to assess associations via OR. Results: 8.2% perceived themselves as overweight. Of those subjects overweight according to their BMI, 21.8% perceived themselves as such, while among those not overweight according to BMI, 96.8% considered themselves as slim or of normal weight. Among students who were dieting, 15.1% perceived themselves as overweight. Among those pupils who perceived themselves has having excess weight, the most common reasons for dieting were: lose weight (56.8%), be healthier (22.6%), and maintain current weight (8.4%). Self-perception of excess weight interacts with excess weight (ORadjusted 8.42;CI95% 6.92-10.25), no breakfast (ORadjusted 2.83;CI95% 2.13-3.77), diet (ORadjusted 2.38;CI95% 1.95-2.89), and with all the variables except toxic habits (ORadjusted 1.01;CI95% 0.78 a 1.29). Conclusion: Interventions to prevent obesity in childhood and adolescence ought to take account of specific determinants within the personal, behavioural and socio-environmental factors, such as the promotion of a positive body image.

关键词： Body Image Self-Perception Overweight and Obesity School Children Ecuador

“Quito municipal schools” cohort study: Baseline results

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2012年第3期2卷 70-74页

作者： natalia romero-sandoval Virginia Ruiz Juan Quizanga Ricardo Recalde Efrén Anchali Jaime Falconí Oscar Flores Miguel Martín Instituto Superior de Postgrado Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Central del Ecuador Quito Ecuador Grupos de Investigación de América y Africa Latinas (GRAAL) Barcelona Espana and Quito Ecuador Consultora de UNICEF Quito Ecuador Municipio del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito Quito Ecuador Unidad de Bioestadística Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain

The lack of population-level data on growth and development of children and adolescents in Ecuador, and the existence of previous data suggesting an alarming increase in the numbers of children presenting overweight or obesity justifies the present cohort study which includes all pupils of municipal schools of Quito aged 9 to 17 years. Follow-up will continue for a minimum of 7 years. This will allow determining the evolution of prevalence of these phenomena and their trends as well as other indices, both physiological and family-related customs, in order to plan appropriate preventive interventions. The present cross-sectional study includes 21 municipal schools, grouped into four health zones, each of which depends on a health centre, also municipal, and which are responsible for the health of pupils in these schools. Of the 6964 pupils studied, 18.7% suffer overweight and 7.9% obesity: 19.3% and 9.7% respectively in boys, compared to 18.2% and 5.4% in girls. The study also assesses family characteristics, degree of sedentarism and nutritional habits: 62.3% declared living in a nuclear family, and 60.5% declared their families to be in the “adolescent” life-cycle stage;91.9% of pupils were sedentary while 5.4% (CI95% 4.87 - 5.94) reported not eating breakfast every day.

关键词： Overweight and Obesity Equatorian School Children Sedentarism Type of Family

Design and Construction of Adjustable Mini-standing for Children from 4 to 9 Years Old with Diplegic, Triplegic or Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2021年第4期11卷 97-104页

作者： natalia Lineth Baquero-Salas Luis Mario Mateus-sandoval Structural Integrity Group Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversidad de Los AndesColombia

The present paper sought to redesign,technify and adjust to different sizes of a mini-standing to improve the physical therapy of children from 4 to 9 years old with mild cerebral palsy or in medical conditions that moderately affect their lower *** orthopedic attachment provides support to the calf of the patient,resembling its body to a cantilevered *** allows the patient to improve their posture and safety and prevent bone *** achieve this attachment,simplified design techniques were complemented with Autodesk Inventor finite elements,also additive manufacturing in Polylactic Acid polymer PLA was used for structural parts like the calf support;Likewise,Computerized Numerical Control(CNC)was carried out on Nylon 6/6,a material used due to hygiene and lubrication between parts.A functional and safe prototype is obtained that meets the required age range,whose limitations are children of 120 cm or 30 *** were determined in the design requirements and verified with own replicable tests,as well with ASTM(American Society of Testing Materials)standards.

关键词： Orthopedic attachment cerebral palsy additive manufacturing physiotherapy adjustability.