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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Effects on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第5期14卷 135-160页

作者： Fayda Protásio Carlos Alberto Bezerra Tomaz Joaquim Brasil-Neto Pedro Brandão nasser allam Maria Clotilde Henriques Tavares Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior Department of Physiological Sciences Institute of Biology University of Braslia Braslia Brazil Master Program in Environment University CEUMA So Lus MA and Faculty of Medicine Euro-American University Center-UNIEURO Braslia Brazil Faculty of Medicine Euro-American University Center-UNIEURO Braslia Brazil NA Neurologistas Associados Braslia Brazil

Introduction: In the last thirty years, brain neuromodulation techniques have been used as an alternative to pharmacological treatment of neurological disorders. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder leading to bradykinesia, rest tremor, postural changes, and non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, pain, and cognitive decline that compromises executive functions (EFs), responsible for the orderly execution of behaviors and tasks of daily life and intentional and directed actions. To this date, a few studies with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have shown beneficial effects in PD patients concerning specific motor and non-motor symptoms, targeting the motor cortex and/or prefrontal regions. Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of left prefrontal tDCS across a broad spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms of PD using established validated scales. Method: Single-blind randomized clinical trial with 18 volunteers with PD, aged between 45 and 80 years (66.1 ± 9.65), who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were submitted to assessments of motor and non-motor functions employing psychometric scales and tests to evaluate EFs and were randomly divided into two groups: control (sham stimulation) and experimental (active stimulation). All participants were involved in three separate tDCS sessions. The anode was positioned over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cathode over the right supraorbital region, with a direct current intensity of 2 mA, lasting 20 minutes. At the end of the three sessions, all participants were reassessed. Results: Significant effects of tDCS on non-motor functions were observed for cognition (verbal fluency of actions, clock copy test, appointment by visual confrontation, and verbal memory with immediate free recall) and subjective assessment of sleep quality (overall restlessness and discomfort in the arms and legs at night, leg

关键词： Parkinson’s Disease Neuromodulation Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation—tDCS Movement Disorders Mood Sleep Cognition

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Effects on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science（行为与脑科学期刊） 2024年第5期 135页

作者： Fayda Protásio Carlos Alberto Bezerra Tomaz Joaquim Brasil-Neto Pedro Brandão nasser allam Maria Clotilde Henriques Tavares

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Observed Enhancement in LIBS Signals from Nano vs. Bulk ZnO Targets: Comparative Study of Plasma Parameters

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World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering 2012年第4期2卷 181-188页

作者： Ashraf M. El Sherbini Abdel-nasser M. Aboulfotouh Farid F. Rashid Sami H. allam Ashraf El Dakrouri Tharwtt M. El Sherbini Collage of Applied Medical Science King Saud University KSA & the National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences Cairo University Giza Egypt Department of Laser and Opto-Electronic Engineering University of Technology Baghdad Iraq Department of Physics Laboratory of Lasers and New Materials Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt

In this article, we will report an experimental evidence of enhanced LIBS emission upon replacing a Bulk-Based ZnO target by the corresponding Nano-Based target. The plasma was initiated via interaction of a Nd:YAG laser at the fundamental wavelength with both targets in open air under the same experimental conditions. The measurements show an enhanced emission from the Zn I-lines at the wavelengths of 328.26, 330.29, 334.55, 468.06, 472.2, 481.01, 636.38 nm. The measurements were repeated at different delay times in the range from 1 to 5 μs at constant irradiation level and fixed gate time of 1 μs. The average enhancement over the different Zn I-lines was found increases exponentially up to 8-fold with delay time. The electron density to each plasma was measured utilizing the Hα-line appeared in the emitted spectra from each plasma and was found to give similar values. The electron temperatures were measured via Boltzmann plot method utilizing the relative intensities of the Zn I-lines and were found to give very close values. Moreover, the relative population density of the ground state of the zinc atoms (relative concentration) was measured spectroscopically utilizing the Boltzmann plot method and was found to increase in a very similar trend to that of enhancement. The results of the spectroscopic analysis conclude that these signal enhancements can be attributed to the higher concentration of neutral atoms in the Nano-Based material plasma with respect to the corresponding Bulk-based ZnO material.

关键词： LIBS Enhancement ZnO Nonmaterial Hα-Line Zn I-Lines Spectroscopy

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Spectroscopic measurement of Stark broadening parameter of the 636.2 nm Zn I-line

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Natural Science 2013年第4期5卷 501-507页

作者： Ashraf M. El Sherbini Abdel-nasser Aboulfotouh Farid Rashid Sami H. allam Ahmed M. Al-Kaoud Ashraf El Dakrouri Tharwat M. El Sherbini College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University Riyadh KSA Department of Laser and Opto-Electronic Engineering University of Technology Baghdad Iraq Department of Physics Collage of Science AL-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (AIMSIU) Al Riyadh KSA Department of Physics Laboratory of Lasers and New Materials Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt

In this article we will present an attempt to measure the Stark broadening parameter of the Zn I-line at 636.23 nm utilizing the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) technique, taking into consideration the possibility of existence of self absorption. This method is standing on comparison of the Lorentzian FWHM and spectral line intensity of the unknown Stark broadening parameter line (Zn I-636.23 nm—in our case) to a well known Stark parameter line (e.g. Zn I-lines at 472.2, 481 and 468 nm) at a reference electron density of 2.7 × 1017 cm-3 and temperature of 1 eV. We have utilized the emission spectral data acquired from well diagnosed plasma produced by the interaction of Nd: YAG laser at wavelength of 1064 nm with ZnO nanomaterial target in open air. The results indicates that the Stark broadening of the Zn I-line at 636.23 nm is centered at 5.06 ± 0.03 ? with a 25% uncertainty at the given reference plasma parameters. The knowledge of the Stark broadening parameter of the 636.23 nm line may be important in the diagnostics of the laser plasma experiments especially in the absence of the Hα-line.

关键词： Stark Broadening Parameter LIBS OES ZnO Zinc Lines

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Liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus: Decreasing indication and changing trends

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第26期21卷 8140-8147页

作者： Waleed Al-hamoudi Hussien Elsiesy Abdulrahman Bendahmash nasser Al-masri Safiyya Ali Naglaa allam Mohammed Al Sofayan Hamad Al Bahili Mohammed Al Sebayel Dieter Broering Sammy Saab Faisal Abaalkhail Gastroenterology Unit Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineKing Saud University Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center National Liver Institute Menoufeya University David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA

AIM: To evaluate the indication and outcome of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related liver transplantation(LT) in the era of newer antiviral ***: We collected data on all patients who underwent transplantation at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research *** data included demographic,perioperative and long-term postoperative follow-up data including viral serological markers,HBV DNA,and repeated liver *** January 1990 and January 2012,133 patients(106 males and 27 females) underwent LT for HBV-related cirrhosis at our *** patients were followed up frequently during the first year following transplantation,according to our standard protocol; follow-up visits occurred every 3-6 mo *** infection was definedas re-emergence of HBV-DNA or hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) while on *** patients transplanted prior to 1992 did not receive immediate posttransplant anti-HBV prophylaxis; all other patients were treated with HBIG and at least one nucleos(t)ide ***: One hundred and thirty-three patients underwent LT for HBV and were followed for a median of 82 mo(range: 1-274).The rates of post-LT survival and HBV recurrence during the follow-up period were 89% and 11%,*** following factors were associated with disease recurrence: younger age(44.3 ± 16.2 years vs 51.4 ± 9.9 years,P = 0.02),positive pretransplant hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)(60% vs 14%,P < 0.0001),detectable pretransplant HBV DNA(60% vs 27%,P = 0.03),positive posttransplant HBs Ag(80% vs 4%,P < 0.0001) and positive posttransplant HBe Ag(27% vs 1%,P < 0.0001).Forty-four(33%) patients had hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).In the first(pre-2007) group,HBV was the second leading indication for LT after hepatitis C virus infection.A total of 64 transplants were performed,including 46(72%) for decompensated HBV cirrhosis,12(19%) for decompensated cirrhosis complicated by HCC and 6(10%) for compensated cirrhosis complicated by ***

关键词： Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Non-alcoholicsteatohepatitis Liver transplantation Hepatocellularcarcinoma

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