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Effect of fluence and ambient environment on the surface and structural modification of femtosecond laser irradiated Ti

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第1期25卷 789-795页

作者： Umm-i-Kalsoom Shazia Bashir Nisar Ali M Shahid Rafique Wolfgang Husinsky Chandra S R Nathala Sergey V Makarov narjis begum Institute for Applied Physics Vienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics GC University LahorePakistan Department of Physics The University of LahorePala'stan Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities University of Engineering and Technology FasalabadPakistan Department of Physics University of Engineering and Technology LahorePakistan P.N.Lebedev Physics Institute RAS MoscowRussia Department of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

Under certain conditions, ultrafast pulsed laser interaction with matter leads to the formation of self-organized conical as well as periodic surface structures （commonly reffered to as, laser induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS）. The purpose of the present investigations is to explore the effect of fsec laser fluence and ambient environments （Vacuum ＆ 02） on the formation of LIPSS and conical structures on the Ti surface. The surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The ablation threshold with single and multiple （N = 100） shots and the existence of an incubation effect was demonstrated by SEM investigations for both the vacuum and the 02 environment. The phase analysis and chemical composition of the exposed targets were performed by x-ray diffraction （XRD） and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, respectively. SEM investigations reveal the formation of LIPSS （nano ＆ micro）. FFT d-spacing calculations illustrate the dependence of periodicity on the fluence and ambient environment. The periodicity of nano-scale LIPSS is higher in the case of irradiation under vacuum conditions as compared to 02. Furthermore, the 02 environment reduces the ablation threshold. XRD data reveal that for the 02 environment, new phases （oxides of Ti） are formed. EDS analysis exhibits that after irradiation under vacuum conditions, the percentage of impurity element （A1） is reduced. The irradiation in the 02 environment results in 15% atomic diffusion of oxygen.

关键词： LIPSS ablation threshold incubation coefficient structural modification

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Femtosecond laser induced nanostructuring of zirconium in liquid confined environment

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第1期26卷 310-319页

作者： Nisar Ali Shazia Bashir Umm-i-Kalsoom M.Shahid Rafique narjis begum Wolfgang Husinsky Ali Ajami Chandra S.R.Natahala Laser Laboratories Institute for Applied Physics Vienna University of Technology 1040 Vienna Austria Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus Faisalabad Pakistan Laser Laboratories Centre for Advanced Studies m Physics GC University 1-Church Road Lahore Pakistan Department of Physics GC University Kachehri Road Lahore Pakistan Department of Physics Riphah International University Islamahad (Lahore Campus) Lahore Pakistan Department of Physics University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan Department of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan

The surface, structural, and mechanical properties of zirconium after irradiation with Ti： sapphire laser（800 nm, 30 fs,1 k Hz） have been investigated. The zirconium targets were exposed for a varying number of laser pulses ranging from 500 to 2000 at a fixed fluence of 3.6 J/cm^2 corresponding to an intensity of 1.2×10^14W/cm^2 in ambient environments of deionized water and propanol. A scanning electron microscope（SEM） was employed to investigate the surface morphology of the irradiated zirconium. The SEM analysis shows the formation of various kinds of features including nanoscale laser induced periodic surface structures（LIPSS）, sponge like surface structure, flakes, conical structures, droplets, pores, and cavities. The energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy（EDS） analysis exhibits the variation in chemical composition along with an enhanced diffusion of oxygen under both ambient conditions. The crystal structure and phase analyses of the exposed targets were explored by x-ray diffraction（XRD） and Raman spectroscopy techniques, respectively. The XRD analysis confirms the presence of various phases of zirconium hydride and zirconia after ablation in both de-ionized water and propanol. However, excessive hydrides are formed in the case of propanol. The Raman analysis supports the EDS and XRD results. It also reveals the presence of oxides（zirconia） after irradiation in both de-ionized water and propanol *** chemical reactivity of zirconium was significantly improved in the presence of liquids which were accountable for the growth of novel phases and modification in the chemical composition of the irradiated Zr. A nanohardness tester was employed to measure the nanohardness of the laser treated targets. The initial increase and then decrease in nanohardness was observed with an increase in the number of laser pulses in the de-ionized water environment. In the case of propanol,a continuous decrease in hardness was observed.

关键词： ambient environments periodic structure crystallinity synthesis

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