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The ghosts of parasitism past:lingering frontline anti-brood parasite defenses in a former host

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Current Zoology 2021年第6期67卷 573-583页

作者： Matthew.H.J.CHAUMONT naomi e.langmore Justin A.WeLBeRGeN Hawkesbury Institute for the environment Western Sydney University RichmondNSW2753Australia Research School of Biology Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia

Coevolutionary arms races between brood parasites and hosts provide tractable systems for understanding antagonistic coevolution in nature;however,little is known about the fate of frontline antiparasite defenses when the host“wins”the coevolutionary arms *** recreating bygone species interactions,using artificial parasitism experiments,lingering defensive behaviors that evolved in the context of parasitism can be understood and may even be used to identify the unknown agent of parasitism *** we present the first study of this type by evaluating lingering“frontline”nest defenses that have evolved to prevent egg laying in a former brood parasite *** Australian reed warbler Acrocephalus australis is currently not parasitized but is known to exhibit fine-tuned egg discrimination—a defensive behavior indicative of a past brood parasite–host arms race and common in closely related parasitized ***,using 3D-printed models of adult brood parasites,we examined whether the Australian reed warbler also exhibits frontline defenses to adult brood parasites,and whether we could use these defenses to identify the warbler’s“ghost of parasitism past.”Our findings provide evidence that the Australian reed warbler readily engages in frontline defenses that are considered adaptive specifically in the context of brood ***,individuals were unable to discriminate between adults of different brood parasite species at their ***,our results demonstrate that despite a relaxation in selection,defenses against brood parasitism can be maintained across multiple stages of the host’s nesting cycle,and further suggest that,in accordance with previous findings,that learning may be important for fine-tuning frontline defense.

关键词： brood parasites coevolutionary arms-race ghosts of parasitism past hosts lingering traits

Imperfect mimicry of host begging calls by a brood parasitic cuckoo:a cue for nestling rejection by hosts?

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Current Zoology 2021年第6期67卷 665-674页

作者： Hee-Jin NOH Ros GLOAG Ana V.LeITAO naomi e.langmore Research School of Biology Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 0200Australia School of Life and environmental Sciences University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia School of Biosciences University of MelbourneParkville VIC 3010Australia

Coevolutionary interactions between avian brood parasites and their hosts often lead to the evolution of discrimination and rejection of parasite eggs or chicks by hosts based on visual cues,and the evolution of visual mimicry of host eggs or chicks by brood *** may also base rejection of brood parasite nestlings on vocal cues,which would in turn select for mimicry of host begging calls in brood parasite *** cuckoos that exploit multiple hosts with different begging calls,call structure may be plastic,allowing nestlings to modify their calls to match those of their various hosts,or fixed,in which case we would predict either imperfect mimicry or divergence of the species into host-specific *** our study of the little bronze-cuckoo(LBC)Chalcites minutillus and its primary host,the large-billed gerygone Gerygone magnirostris,we tested whether:(1)hosts use nestling vocalizations as a cue to discriminate cuckoo chicks;(2)cuckoo nestlings mimic the host begging calls throughout the nestling period;and(3)the cuckoo begging calls are plastic,thereby facilitating mimicry of the calls of different *** found that the begging calls of LBCs are most similar to their gerygone hosts shortly after hatching(when rejection by hosts typically occurs)but become less similar as cuckoo chicks get *** call structure may be used as a cue for rejection by hosts,and these results are consistent with gerygone defenses selecting for age-specific vocal mimicry in cuckoo *** found no evidence that LBC begging calls were plastic.

关键词： begging call bronze-cuckoo brood parasitism coevolution gerygone

Australian cuckoos and their adaptations for brood parasitism

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Chinese Birds 2013年第1期4卷 86-92页

作者： naomi e.langmore 澳大利亚国立大学生物学研究学院

The strategies used by parasitic cuckoos to fool their hosts have intrigued naturalists and ornithologists for centuries. Here I review some of the tricks used by Australian parasitic cuckoos to increase host nest availability, access host nests, and fool their hosts into accepting their eggs and chicks. Some of these strategies are widely used by cuckoo species around the world, but other traits, such as cryptic eggs and mimetic chicks, appear to be largely restricted to the Australasian cuckoos. Generalist cuckoos face greater challenges than specialists if they must fool multiple host species, and this provides a possible explanation for why different species of cuckoos have evolved different strategies for host deception.

关键词： brood parasitism coevolution crypsis cuckoo mimicry

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effectiveness of ivermectin mass drug administration in the control of soil-transmitted helminth infections in endemic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： Brandon Le naomi e.Clarke Nicolas Legrand Susana Vaz Nery The Kirby Institute University of New South WalesLevel 6Wallace Wurth BuildingSydneyNSW2052Australia

Background Current soil-transmitted helminth(STH)control guidelines endorse the use of albendazole or meben-dazole for school-based targeted preventive chemotherapy(PC),yet their reduced efficacy against Strongyloides sterc-oralis and Trichuris trichiura presents significant *** evidence indicates that community-wide PC[or mass drug administration(MDA)]using ivermectin,commonly used in other neglected tropical disease(NTD)control programs,may play an important role in controlling these *** conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin PC in reducing STH prevalence in endemic *** We searched Pubmed,eMBASe,and Web of Science on February 14,2023,for studies that investigated the effectiveness of ivermectin PC,either alone or in combination with other anthelmintic drugs,on STH infec-tions,and provided a measure of STH prevalence before and after *** calculated pooled prevalence reductions for each STH using random-effects *** protocol is available on PROSPeRO(registration number CRD42023401219).Results A total of 21 were eligible for the systematic review,of which 15 were eligible for *** studies delivered ivermectin through *** pooled prevalence reduction of *** following MDA with ivermec-tin alone was 84.49%(95%CI:54.96-94.66)across five studies and 81.37%(95% CI:61.62-90.96)across seven studies with or without *** prevalence reduction of *** was 49.93%(95%CI:18.23-69.34)across five studies with ivermectin alone,and 89.40%(95%CI:73.66-95.73)across three studies with the addition of *** was high heterogeneity for all syntheses(I^(2)>65%).Conclusions This study underscores the key role of ivermectin-based MDA in addressing limitations in current global STH guidelines in terms of limited efficacy against *** and *** on these findings,revising inter-national STH guidelines to include i

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Ivermectin Albendazole Mass drug administration Preventive chemotherapy

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Agent-based models reveal limits of mark-release-recapture estimates for the rare butterfly, Bhutanitis thaidina (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 550-566页

作者： Zhengyang Wang Yuanheng Li Anuj Jain naomi e.Pierce Department of Organismic and evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138 USA

Insect diversity and abundance are in drastic decline worldwide,but quantifying insect populations to better conserve them is a difficult ***-release-recapture(MRR)is widely used as an ecological indicator for insect populations,but the accuracy of MRR estimates can vary with factors such as spatial scale,sampling effort and models of *** conducted a 3-year MRR study of *** in Yanzigou valley,*** but failed to obtain sufficient data for a robust population *** prompted us to integrate *** life history information to parameterize agent-based models and evaluate the conditions under which successful MRR studies could be *** evaluated:(1)the performance of MRR models under different landscape types,and(2)the influence of experimental design on the accuracy and variance of MRR-based *** simulations revealed systematic underestimates of true population parameters by MRR models when sampling effort was *** a total of 2772 simulations,subjective decisions in sampling protocol(e.g.,frequency,number of sampling locations,use of spatially explicit models,type of estimands)accounted for nearly half of the variation in *** conclude that MRR-based estimates could be improved with the addition of more field-specific parameters.

关键词： agent-based simulation Aristolochia moupinensis habitat hostplant landscape Mt.Gongga program MARK spatially explicit capture-recapture(SeCR)

Highly-Ordered Ferroelectric Photonic Crystals

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 149-150页

作者： naomi Matsuura Harry e. Ruda Center for Advanced Nanotechnology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3E3 CanadaCenter for Advanced Nanotechnology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3E3 Canada

Highly-ordered, ferroelectric, Pb-doped Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3, inverse opal thin films were fabricated using a sol-gel spin coating technique. The excellent crystal quality is evident from the SeM images and the good agreeme... 详细信息

关键词： were be SeM into high Highly-Ordered Ferroelectric Photonic Crystals Figure from of BST view or Pb that

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BMe2.1: The Need for a Systems Approach to Addressing Race-Based Disparities in Health and Health Care

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Biomedical engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 100-102页

作者： naomi C.Chesler Gilda A.Barabino edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Department of Biomedical engineering Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Olin College of engineering NeedhamMAUSA

The recent article by Miller et al.[1]in BMeF on reimagining the Biomedical engineering(BMe)curriculum of the future proposes several exciting and transformative core *** include(a)incorporating modern molecular biology and analytical/computational modeling,(b)providing instruction in data science fundamentals,(c)integrating clinical needs for innovation and translation,(d)fostering an educational culture of inclusive excellence,and(e)ensuring that new research discoveries inform the core curriculum.

关键词： integrating translation culture

Three global conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: an implementation framework

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1080-1082页

作者： Harvey Locke erle C.ellis Oscar Venter Richard Schuster Keping Ma Xiaoli Shen Stephen Woodley naomi Kingston Nina Bhola Bernardo B.N.Strassburg Axel Paulsch Brooke Williams James e.M.Watson Beyond the Aichi Targets Task Force IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas and Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative Department of Geography and environmental Systems University of Maryland Natural Resources and environmental Studies Institute University of Northern British Columbia Department of Biology Carleton University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas UN environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre UNeP-WCMC

’Nature and its vital contributions to people, which together embody biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are deteriorating worldwide’ [1].The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) is intended to ensure conservation of biodiversity,its wise use, and sharing of benefits from use of genetic resources. Through

关键词： Three global conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use an implementation framework

Beyond the synucleinopathies:alpha synuclein as a driving force in neurodegenerative comorbidities

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2019年第1期8卷 346-358页

作者： naomi P.Visanji Anthony e.Lang Gabor G.Kovacs edmond J.Safra program in Parkinson’s disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement disorders clinic Toronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Laboratory Medicine Program&Krembil Brain Institute University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada

The fundamental role that alpha-synuclein(aSyn)plays in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies,including Parkinson’s disease,dementia with Lewy bodies,and multiple system atrophy,is a well-accepted fact.A wealth of experimental evidence has linked this relatively small but ubiquitously expressed protein to a plethora of cytopathologic mechanisms and suggests that aSyn may be capable of seeding the progressive spread of synucleinopathy throughout the *** the synucleinopathies,the abnormal deposition of aSyn is frequently seen in a variety of other neurodegenerative proteinopathies including Alzheimer’s *** spite of the fact that the frequency of concomitant aSyn pathology in these disorders is such that it can be considered the rule rather than the exception,the potential role that aSyn may have in these disorders has received relatively little *** this article we postulate that aSyn may in fact be a key protein in driving the pathogenic processes in neurodegenerative *** addition to reviewing the frequency of concomitant deposition of aSyn in the neurodegenerative proteinopathies,we also consider our current understanding of the interaction of aSyn with other neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins,including tau,TDP-43,amyloid-βand prion protein,in the context of neuropathologic studies describing the anatomical sites of potential concomitant *** conclude that a growing body of evidence,encompassing neuropathology studies in human brain,animal models of concomitant proteinopathies and studies employing sophisticated methods of probing protein-protein interaction,cumulatively suggest that aSyn is well positioned to exert a strong influence on the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative *** hope to stimulate research in this emerging field and consider that future studies exploring the contribution of aSyn to the pathogenic processes in neurodegenerative comorbidities may provide critical

关键词： Amyloid-β Alpha-synuclein Alzheimer’s disease Comorbidity Dementia with Lewy bodies Multiple system atrophy Neurodegeneration Parkinson’s disease Prion protein Progressive supranuclear palsy Proteinopathy Tau TDP-43