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Bone mineral density and disorders of mineral metabolism in chronic liver disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第28期15卷 3516-3522页

作者： Joe George Hosahithlu K Ganesh Shrikrishna Acharya Tushar R Bandgar Vyankatesh Shivane Anjana Karvat Shobna J Bhatia Samir shah Padmavathy S Menon nalini shah Department of Endocrinology Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Seth G.S Medical College and KEM Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Jaslok Hospital

AIM： To estimate the prevalence and identify the risk factors for metabolic bone disease in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS： The study was performed on 72 Indian patients with cirrhosis （63 male, 9 female; aged 〈 50 years）. Etiology of cirrhosis was alcoholism （n = 37）, hepatitis B （n = 25） and hepatitis C （n = 10）. Twenty-three patients belonged to Child class A, while 39 were in class B and 10 in class C. Secondary causes for metabolic bone disease and osteoporosis were ruled out. Sunlight exposure, physical activity and dietary constituents were calculated. Complete metabolic profiles were derived, and bone mineral density （BMD） was measured using dual energy X ray absorptiometry. Low BMD was defined as a Z score below -2. RESULTS： Low BMD was found in 68% of patients. Lumbar spine was the most frequently and severely affected site. Risk factors for low BMD included low physical activity, decreased sunlight exposure, and low lean body mass. Calcium intake was adequate, with unfavorable calcium： protein ratio and calcium： phosphorus ratio. Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent （92%）. There was a high incidence of hypogonadism （41%）. Serum estradiol level was elevated significantly in patients with normal BMD. Insulin-like growth factor （IGF） 1 and IGF binding protein 3 levels were below the age-related normal range in both groups. IGF-1 was significantly lower in patients with low BMD. Serum osteocalcin level was low （68%） and urinary deoxypyridinoline to creatinine ratio was high （79%）, which demonstrated low bone formation with high resorption. CONCLUSION： Patients with cirrhosis have low BMD. Contributory factors are reduced physical activity, low lean body mass, vitamin D deficiency and hypogonadism and low IGF-1 level.

关键词： Bone mineral density Liver disease Chronic disease Cirrhosis Bone mineral metabolism Hepatic osteodystrophy

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Energy Gap Dependence on Mn Content in a Diluted Magnetic Quantum Dot

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第4期28卷 201-204页

作者： P.nalini A.John Peter Department of Physics Yadava College Govindarajan CampusThiruppalaiMadurai-625014India Department of Physics Govt.Arts and Science CollegeMelur-625106MaduraiIndia

Positively charged donor exciton binding energy is computed as a function of quantum-dot size within the single band effective mass approximation for different Mn contents in Cd_(1)−x_(𝑥in)Mn_(x𝑥in)Te/Cd_(1−xout)𝑥outMn_(xout)𝑥*** exciton bound polaron is computed for 0≤x𝑥≤0.08,on the Mn mole *** determine the energy gap using the mean field approximation and incorporate the exchange interaction between the carrier and the magnetic *** interband emission energy is studied with the height and radius of the cylindrical quantum ***-band anisotropy is included in our theoretical model using different hole masses in different spatial *** polaronic shifts as functions of quantum-dot radius and Mn concentration are estimated using the mean field *** is found that(i)the energy gap depends on the Mn mole fraction,(ii)it increases linearly with an increase in Mn content,and(iii)the effect is more pronounced for a narrow dot,showing the quantum size *** results are in good agreement with other recently published reports.

关键词： theory quantum radius

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Genetic Algorithm Based Smart Grid System for Distributed Renewable Energy Sources

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第4期45卷 819-837页

作者： M.Mythreyee Dr A.nalini Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dr.M.G.R.Educational and Research InstituteMaduravoyalChennai600095TamilnaduIndia

This work presents the smart grid system for distributed Renewable Energy Sources(RES)with control *** hybrid MicroGrids(MG)are trending in small-scale power systems that involve distributed generations,power storage,and various *** of solar are implemented with boost converter using Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT)with perturb and observe technique to track the maximum ***,the wind system is designed by permanent magnet synchronous generator that includes boost converter with MPPT *** battery is also employed with a Direct Current(DC)-DC bidirectional converter,and has a state of *** MATLAB/Simulink Simscape software is used to design the proposed *** switching element of all converters is metal oxide semiconductor field effect *** hybrid system is controlled by a voltage source controller using Proportional Integral Derivative(PID)-Genetic Algorithm(GA),and inductors-capacitors filter is used to reduce the system’s ***,smart meters are used for monitoring purposes in residential *** paper analyses the performances of the MG against various scenarios.

关键词： Solar photovoltaic wind battery converter voltage sources controller microgrid

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Elements of disturbance that affect epiphyte vitality in a temperate rainforest:an experimental approach

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第2期12卷 306-313页

作者： nalini M.Nadkarni Kevin D.Kohl Department of Biology University of Utah257 South 1400 EastSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh403B Clapp Hall4249 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA 115260USA

Aims Epiphytes are an abundant and diverse component of many wet temperate forests and have significant roles in ecosystem *** is known about the processes and rates of their death and decomposition when they fall from the canopy,which limits our understanding of their role in forest carbon sequestration and nutri-ent *** the temperate rainforest of the Quinault River Valley,Washington State,our aim was to test hypotheses regarding four elements of disturbance that might contribute to their *** We established set of experiments in which we placed samples of canopy epiphytes and their branch segments:(i)in the canopy versus forest floor microenvironment(stratum);(ii)attached to live versus dead branch substrates;(iii)subjected to physical disruption and‘jarring’;and(iv)in direct versus indirect con-tact with the forest *** the 2-year study,we assigned a non-destructive‘vitality index’(based on color and appar-ent mortality and dryness)to each sample every 2-3 months to compare effects of the experimental treatments and analyzed with a statistical model and post hoc pairwise comparisons of *** Findings The canopy versus ground stratum and live/dead branch status sig-nificantly affected epiphyte *** of physical disruption and ground contact were not *** were seasonal effects(low vitality during the sampling times in the summer,revitalization upon sampling times in the winter)for all treatments except samples in contact with the *** implication of these results relates to effects of climate change,which is predicted to shift to hotter,drier summers and wetter *** change may affect forest dynamics and nutrient cycling in unpredictable *** also point to future experiments to understand biotic and abiotic effects on epiphyte disturbance and dynamics.

关键词： disturbance epiphytes forest canopy forest dynamics moss Olympic rainforest

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Antioxidative properties of phenolic compounds isolated from the fungal endophytes of Zingiber nimmonii （J. Graham） Dalzell.

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Frontiers in Biology 2017年第2期12卷 151-162页

作者： Madhuchhanda Das Harischandra Sripathy Prakash Monnanda Somaiah nalini Department of Studies in Botany University of Mysore Manasagangotri Mysore - 570 006 Karnataka India Department of Studies in Bioteehnology University of Mysore Manasagangotri Mysore- 570 006 Karnataka India

BACKGROUND： The microbes living in planta termed ＇endophytes＇ is bestowed with the potential to produce bioactive substances. The aim of this investigation was focused on the isolation and molecular identification of the fungal endophytes from Zingiber nimmonii （J. Graham） Dalzell., an endemic medicinal plant species of the ＇Western ghats＇, a hotspot location in southern India and characterization of the secondary metabolites responsible for the ant^oxidant and DNA protective capacity using chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. METHODS： Endophytic fungi were isolated and identified by sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacer （ITS）. The secondary metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate and evaluated for the total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant capacities. The isolates with potential antioxidative property were further analyzed for the DNA protection ability and the presence ofbioactive phenolic compounds by High Performance Liquid Chromatography （HPLC） and Electrospray Ionization- Mass Spectroscopy/Mass Spectroscopy （ESI-MS/MS） techniques. RESULTS： Endophytic fungi belonging to 11 different taxa were identified. The total phenolic content of the extracts ranged from 10.8±0.7 to 81.6±6.0 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract. F lavonoid was present in eight extracts in the range of 5.2 ±0.5 to 24.3±0.9 mg catechin equivalents/g dry extract. Bipolaris specifera, Alternaria tenuissima, Aspergillus terreus, Nectria haematococca and Fusarium chlamydosporum extracts exhibited a potentially high ant^oxidant capacity. Characterization of the extracts revealed an array of phenolic acids and flavonoids. N. haematococca and E chlamydosporum extracts contained quercetin and showed DNA protection ability. CONCLUSION： This study is the first comprehensive report on the fungal endophytes from Z. nimmonii, as potential sources of antioxidative and DNA protective compounds. The study indicates that Z. nimmonii endophytes are potential sources of antioxidants

关键词： endophytic fungi Zingiber Westem Ghats phenolic acids flavonoid DNA protection

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Pitfalls and optimal approaches to diagnose melioidosis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第6期9卷 501-510页

作者： Paul Vijay Kingsley Govindakarnavar Arunkumar Meghan Tipre Mark Leader nalini Sathiakumar Sultan Ismail Hospital Manipal Center for Virus Research Manipal University School of Public Health University of Alabama at Birmingham

Melioidosis is a severe and fatal infectious disease in the tropics and subtropics. It presents as a febrile illness with protean manifestation ranging from chronic localized infection to acute fulminant septicemia with dissemination of infection to multiple organs characterized by abscesses. Pneumonia is the most common clinical presentation. Because of the wide range of clinical presentations, physicians may often misdiagnose and mistreat the disease for tuberculosis, pneumonia or other pyogenic infections. The purpose of this paper is to present common pitfalls in diagnosis and provide optimal approaches to enable early diagnosis and prompt treatment of melidoidosis. Melioidosis may occur beyond the boundaries of endemic areas. There is no pathognomonic feature specific to a diagnosis of melioidosis. In endemic areas, physicians need to expand the diagnostic work-up to include melioidosis when confronted with clinical scenarios of pyrexia of unknown origin, progressive pneumonia or sepsis. Radiological imaging is an integral part of the diagnostic workup. Knowledge of the modes of transmission and risk factors will add support in clinically suspected cases to initiate therapy. In situations of clinically highly probable or possible cases where laboratory bacteriological confirmation is not possible, applying evidence-based criteria and empirical treatment with antimicrobials is recommended. It is of prime importance that patients undergo the full course of antimicrobial therapy to avoid relapse and recurrence. Early diagnosis and appropriate management is crucial in reducing serious complications leading to high mortality, and in preventing recurrences of the disease. Thus, there is a crucial need for promoting awareness among physicians at all levels and for improved diagnostic microbiology services. Further, the need for making the disease notifiable and/or initiating melioidosis registries in endemic countries appears to be compelling.

关键词： Melioidosis pseudomallei Review Diagnosis Treatment Pitfalls Approaches route of infection

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Melioidosis in India and Bangladesh: A review of case reports

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第5期11卷 320-329页

作者： Meghan Tipre Paul Vijay Kingsley Tamika Smith Mark Leader nalini Sathiakumar Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama Pantai Hospital Ipoh

Objective: To conduct an epidemiological and clinical review of published case reports of melioidosis from India and Bangladesh. Methods: Data from published case reports were abstracted and summarized. We further compared the clinical epidemiology of the melioidosis cases in India with case series from highly endemic areas in Northern Australia and Southeast Asia to elucidate any differences in presentations and risk factors between the ***: We identified a total of 99 cases published between 1953 and June 2016, originating from India(n=85) or Bangladesh(n=14). Cases were predominantly male and ranged in age from 1 month to 90 years. Diabetes mellitus was the most common risk factor reported(58%). About 28% of the cases had history of exposure via high-risk occupations or exposure to contaminated water. The overall case fatality rate(CFR) was 26%. Factors influencing mortality included the occurrence of septic shock(CFR, 80%), environmental exposure(CFR,39%), primary presentation of pneumonia(CFR, 38%), misdiagnosed and/or mistreated cases(CFR, 33%) or the presence of a risk factor(CFR, 29%). Because of the small number of cases in Bangladesh, pattern of clinical epidemiology is limited to India. Soft tissue abscess(37%)was the most common clinical presentation reported from India followed by pneumonia(24%)and osteomyelitis/septic arthritis(18%). Neurological melioidosis(n=10, 12%) presented as pyemic lesions of the brain or meninges. A few cases of prostatic abscess(n=4) in men and parotid abscess(n=4) were also noted. The above patterns were consistent with case series from Southeast Asia and Northern Australia for the most part, in terms of risk factors associated with infection and factors influencing mortality. Differences included clinical presentation of pneumonia which was notably lower than that reported in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia; a higher proportion of neurological and parotid abscess presentation; and a lower CFR compared to th

关键词： Melioidosis India Bangladesh Burkholderia pseudomallei Environmental

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Seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus in Colombo district, Sri Lanka

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第1期11卷 53-57页

作者： Hathshya M Munasingha Ananda Amarasinghe Neelika G Malavige nalini Sathiakumar Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham Public Health Specialist/Medical Epidemiologist Office-WHO Manila Department of Microbiology University of Sri Jayawardenapura

Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus(VZV) antibodies among the population residing in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted which included 1 258 participants. Blood samples were collected and questionnaires administered to obtain sociodemographic information and history of varicella and/or herpes zoster. Serum samples were assayed for VZV IgG antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: Overall, the seroprevalence was 54.2%(95% CI= 51.5% 57.0%). Children below 1 year of age were seronegative, and only about 20.0% of children between 1 and 10 years of age were seropositive. Seropositivitiy increased with age and by the age of 40 years 74.3% were seropositive. Among women of childbearing age, the overall seroprevalence was about 62.0%(95% CI = 57.7%-66.1%) but was low 37.0% in the 15-19 age group. Conclusion: In this population, 45.8% lacked natural immunity against varicella. Of women of childbearing age, 39.9% lacked immunity and in the subgroup of women 15-19 years of age, 63.0% women lacked immunity. In light of the country's success with the control and high coverage of other vaccine preventable diseases and that the vaccine is available in the private sector, the inclusion of varicella vaccine in the national immunization program may be considered.

关键词： Colombo district Seroprevalence Sri Lanka Vaccine Varicella

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Use of the liquisolid compact technique for improvement of the dissolution rate of valsartan

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2012年第5期2卷 502-508页

作者： Chella Naveen nalini Shastri Rama Rao Tadikonda National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad 500037India Blue Birds College of Pharmacy Hanamkonda 506001India Department of Pharmacy Acharya Nagarjuna UniversityGuntur 522510India

The aim of this study was to improve the dissolution rate of the poorly soluble drug valsartan by delivering the drug as a liquisolid *** compacts were prepared using propylene glycol as solvent,Avicel PH102 as carrier,and Aerosil 200 as the coating *** crystallinity of the newly formulated drug and the interaction between excipients was examined by X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,*** dissolution studies for the liquisolid formula-tion and the marketed product were carried out at different pH *** results showed no change in the crystallinity of the drug and no interaction between *** dissolution efficiency of valsartan at 15 min was increased from 4.02% for plain drug and 13.58% for marketed product to 29.47% for the liquisolid *** increase in the dissolution rate was also found to be significant compared to the marketed product at lower pH values,simulating the gastric environment where valsartan is largely *** liquisolid technique appears to be a promising approach for improving the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs like valsartan.

关键词： Liquisolid compact Valsartan Dissolution Poorly soluble drug

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Grid Search for Predicting Coronary Heart Disease by Tuning Hyper-Parameters

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第11期43卷 737-749页

作者： S.Prabu B.Thiyaneswaran M.Sujatha C.nalini Sujatha Rajkumar Department of ECE Mahendra Institute of TechnologyNamakkalTamilnadu637503India Department of ECE Sona College of TechnologySalemTamilnadu636005India Department of ECE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVijayawadaAndhra Pradesh522502India Department of Information Technology Kongu Engineering CollegePerunduraiTamilnadu638060India Department of Embedded Technology Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamilnadu632014India

Diagnosing the cardiovascular disease is one of the biggest medical difficulties in recent *** cardiovascular(CHD)is a kind of heart and blood vascular *** this sort of cardiac illness leads to more precise decisions for cardiac *** Grid Search Optimization(GSO)machine training models is therefore a useful way to forecast the sickness as soon as *** state-of-the-art work is the tuning of the hyperparameter together with the selection of the feature by utilizing the model search to minimize the false-negative *** models with a cross-validation approach do the required *** Selection based on the use of statistical and correlation matrices for multivariate *** Random Search and Grid Search models,extensive comparison findings are produced utilizing retrieval,F1 score,and precision *** models are evaluated using the metrics and kappa statistics that illustrate the three models’*** study effort focuses on optimizing function selection,tweaking hyperparameters to improve model accuracy and the prediction of heart disease by examining Framingham datasets using random forestry *** the hyperparameter in the model of grid search thus decreases the erroneous rate achieves global optimization.

关键词： Grid search coronary heart disease(CHD) machine learning feature selection hyperparameter tuning

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