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Patients direct costs to undergo TB diagnosis

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 221-229页

作者： Rachel M.Anderson de Cuevas Lovett Lawson najla Al-Sonboli Nasher Al-Aghbari Isabel Arbide Jeevan B.Sherchand Emenyonu E.Nnamdi Abraham Aseffa Mohammed A.Yassin Saddiq T.Abdurrahman Joshua Obasanya Oladimeji Olanrewaju Daniel Datiko Sally J.Theobald Andrew Ramsay S.Bertel Squire Luis E.Cuevas Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK Zankli Medical Center AbujaNigeria Bingham University Nassarawa StateAbujaNigeria Medical Faculty Sana’a UniversitySana’aYemen National Tuberculosis Institute Sana’aYemen Bushullo Major Health Centre AwassaEthiopia Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine KathmanduNepal Armauer Hansen Research Institute Addis AbabaEthiopia The Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and MalariaGenevaSwitzerland Federal Capital Territory Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme AbujaNigeria Nigeria Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme AbujaNigeria REACH Ethiopia HawassaEthiopia UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland

Background:A major impediment to the treatment of TB is a diagnostic process that requires multiple *** of patient costs associated with diagnosis use different protocols and are not ***:We aimed to describe the direct costs incurred by adults attending TB diagnostic centres in four countries and factors associated with expenditure for *** of 2225 adults attending smear-microscopy centres in Nigeria,Nepal,Ethiopia and ***>18 years with cough>2 weeks were enrolled *** costs were quantified using structured *** with costs>75^(th) quartile were considered to have high expenditure(cases)and compared with patients with costs<75^(th) quartile to identify factors associated with high ***:The most significant expenses were due to clinic fees and *** participants attended the centres with *** expenditure was associated with attending with company,residing in rural areas/other towns and ***:The costs incurred by patients are substantial and share common patterns across *** user fees,transparent charging policies and reimbursing clinic expenses would reduce the poverty-inducing effects of direct diagnostic *** locations with limited resources,support could be prioritised for those most at risk of high expenditure;those who are illiterate,attend the service with company and rural residents.

关键词： Tuberculosis Costs Access to healthcare Ethiopia Nepal Nigeria Yemen

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The Efficiency of a p-n Solar Diode as a Function of the Recombination Velocitywithin the Depletion Layer

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Optics and Photonics Journal（光学与光子学期刊） 2012年第4期

作者： Mohamed K. El-Adawi najla S. Al-Shameri

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The Wheat Pathogenesis Related Protein (TdPR1.2) Ensures Contrasting Behaviors to E. coli Transformant Cells under Stress Conditions

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Advances in Microbiology（微生物学） 2021年第9期

作者： Mouna Ghorbel Ikram Zribi najla Haddaji Malek Besbes Nouha Bouali Faiçal Brini

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Blood Consumption in Placental Abnormalities

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology（妇产科期刊） 2022年第10期

作者： mufareh asiri salem al suwaidan nawal al harbi abuobeida ahmed reem alanazi razan al harbi najla al ajmi

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Caring psychiatric patients and its impact on nurses’behavior:a cross-sectional quantitative method study in Saudi Arabia

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Nursing Communications 2023年第14期7卷 1-7页

作者： Faten Mohammed Islam Khotany najla Eid Alharbi Ghadeer Hassan Mahdi Moodhi Neda Basher Alazimi Hajer Marei Mahammed Rabaiy Aisha Ayesh Alotaibi Nawar Aqeel Alrashidi Marwah Suliman Aljohani Fatimah Ahmed Alhazemi Ghazaile Jameel Khayat Samirah Ali Kaddaf Laila Hussien Hakami Saeed Atiah Almalki Abdulaziz Mohammad Islam Khotani Feryal Mohammad Islam Kotany Mofreh Alsahil Alruwaili Makkah Health Cluster Makkah regionAl Hamra street 7853Saudi Arabia Deputy of Nursing supervisor Aljamoum Health SectorMakkahSaudi Arabia Sabya General Hospital South regionJazanSaudi Arabia Community Health Nursing Primary Health CareAlqaseemUnizahSaudi Arabia Department of Nursing Jeddah King Abdullah Medical ComplexWestern regionSaudi Arabia Nursing supervisor of PHCs in Aljamoum Health Sector MakkahSaudi Arabia Department of Nursing Khafji General HospitalEastern regionSaudi Arabia Department of Nursing Forensic MedicineWestern regionMadinahSaudi Arabia South region-Jazan Dental Centre JazanSaudi Arabia King Fahad Hospital MakkahSaudi Arabia Department of Nursing Primary Care Health Center in Al RashidiyaWestern regionMakkahSaudi Arabia OBGYNE and Paediatric supervisor at Jazan General Hospital Jizan citySaudi Arabia Erada and Mental Health Complex TaifMecca regionSaudi Arabia Makkah Health Cluster MHCSaudi Arabia Makkah Health Cluster PHCSaudi Arabia Ministry of Health/Aljouf Health Affairs Sakaka AljoufQara-Alsalam 5108Saudi Arabia.

Objective:The present study aimed to address the care of psychiatric patients and its impact on nurses’behavior in Saudi ***:A cross-sectional quantitative questionnaire-based study was *** study was carried out in various government hospitals across different regions of Saudi ***:A total of 73 nurses participated in the study,with male nurses comprising the majority(61.6%)compared to *** a young nurse or with few years of work experience is linked with more predilection towards preventive behaviour and/or physical activity.A significant mean difference was observed,indicating higher scores for preventive behavior among females(female 14.93±5.82 *** 11.56±5.48,P=0.015).The Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparisons did not reveal any statistical significance for single ***(P=0.618),single ***(P=0.223),and married ***(P=0.020).Conclusion:The study results demonstrated a significant impact of caring for psychiatric patients on nurses’*** is concerning because psychological and mental health strain has been shown to contribute to unhealthy lifestyle habits,such as physical inactivity and sleep deprivation,which,in turn,can contribute to the increasing incidence and prevalence of chronic *** interventions targeting psychiatric and mental health nurses should be designed and examined to emphasize the importance of healthy lifestyle choices and an active lifestyle.

关键词： nurses psychiatric patients behaviour Saudi Arabia

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