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Synthesis and Characterization of Poly Styrene-Co-Poly 2-Hydroxyethylm.thacrylate (HEm.) Copolym.r and an Investigation of Free-Radical Copolym.rization Propagation Kinetics by Solvent Effects

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Open Journal of Polym.r Chem.stry 2024年第1期14卷 63-93页

作者： Anaif m. Alhewaitey Ishrat Khan naif m. alhawiti Departm.nt of Chem.stry Clark Atlanta University Atlanta USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia CAHFS University of California Davis Davis California

A series of hom. and copolym.rs of styrene (ST) and 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate (HEm.) in three different m.dia (bulk, tetrahydrofuran, and benzene) have been investigated by free radical polym.rization m.thod. The sam.les obtained from.the synthesis were characterized by Fourier Transform.Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear m.gnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H Nm.), atom.c force m.croscopy (AFm., and differential scanning calorim.try (DSC). The results show that the synthesis of the polym.rs is m.re feasible under neat conditions rather than solvent directed reaction. m.reover, the DSC data shows that the polystyrene obtained is am.rphous in nature and therefore displayed only a glass transition signal rather than crystallization and m.lting peaks. In addition, this study indicates that hom.lopolym.rization of styrene via free radical polym.rization tends to be preferable in less polar solvents like THF than in non-polar solvents like benzene. Benzene m.ght destabilize the form.tion of the reactive radicals leading to the form.tion of the products. In sum.ary, the hom.lpolym.rization of styrene is m.re feasible than the hom.polym.rization 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate under the experim.ntal setup used. Styrene is m.re reactive than 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate than free radical polym.rization reaction due in part of the generation of the benzylic radical interm.diate which is m.re stable leading to the form.tion of products than alkyl radical which are less stable. Furtherm.re, polym.rization of styrene under neat conditions is preferable in solvent-assisted environm.nts. The choice of solvent for the synthesis of these polym.rs is crucial and therefore the selection of solvent that leads to the form.tion of a m.re stable reaction interm.diate is m.re favorable. It is worth noting that the structure of the proposed copolym.r consists of a highly polar and hydrophilic m.nom.r, 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate and a highly non-polar and hydrophobic m.nom.

关键词： 2-Hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate Polym.rization

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Interactions of Aurein with m.del m.m.ranes and Antim.larials

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Am.rican Journal of Analytical Chem.stry 2024年第2期15卷 72-98页

作者： Anaif m. Alhewaitey Nsoki Pham.u naif m. alhawiti Departm.nt of Chem.stry Tennessee State University Nashville USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia CAHFS University of California Davis Davis USA

Aurein is a cationic antim.crobial peptide, rich in phenylalanine residues. Although the peptide has been extensively studied, its m.chanism.of action is not fully understood and has not been established. This project is focused on studying the interactions of aurein with m.del biological m.m.ranes and antim.larials using Fourier Transform.Infrared (FTIR), fluorescence, dynam.c light scattering (DLS), atom.c force m.croscopy (AFm., therm.gravim.tric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorim.try (DSC) techniques. FTIR data revealed conform.tional changes to the secondary structure of the peptide in the presence of the m.del m.m.ranes. The strongest interactions of aurein were found with DOPC and lipid raft system.. Fluorescence data revealed som. differences in the m.chanism.of interaction between aurein and lipid rafts. Topographical analysis was perform.d using atom.c force m.croscopy (AFm.. AFm.im.ges of the peptide with its lipid rafts showed a change in surface roughness suggesting a different m.chanism.of interaction. DLS data in agreem.nt with FTIR confirm.d that aurein interacts differently with the lipid rafts. The results gathered from.this study provided new insights on the interaction of aurein. On the other hand, drug-drug interaction issues continue to present a m.jor dilem.a for the clinician caring for com.lex patients such as those infected with infectious disease. This study has exam.ned the interaction of aurein with quinine, prim.quine, and chloroquine. Significant interactions between aurein and antim.larials occured at a higher concentration of antim.larials. Interactions between aurein and anti-m.larials reveal a strong interaction between aurein and prim.quine. Interactions between aurein and quinine or chloroquine were found to be weak and negligible. FTIR, TGA, and DSC m.y be used in a com.lem.ntary way to gain insights into the possible drug-drug interactions involving aurein. These studies are needed to initiate in vivo controlled

关键词： Aurein Fluorescence DPPC SPm cholesterol DPPC-SPm.CHOL Quinine Antim.larials

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Cytotoxicity, Toxicity and Anticancer Activity of m.nuka Honey, Saudi’s Honey and Peganum.harm.la Plant against Cancer Cells

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Journal of Biosciences and m.dicines 2024年第2期12卷 311-325页

作者： naif m. alhawiti Elber-Lewis m.les Anaif m. Alhewaitey Yousef m. Alm.tairi Fadhah m. alhawiti CAHFS University of California Davis Davis USA Departm.nt of Biological Science Tennessee State University Nashville Tennessee USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia m.nistry of Health East Jeddah General Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Cancer occurs when the body’s cells grow beyond the usual control. Norm.l body cells m.ltiply in a controlled m.nner and undergo apoptosis when the body no longer needs them. Different types of cancers exist, and the com.on ones include breast, cervical, prostate, lung, colon, and skin cancers. Several factors have been associated with cancers, and these factors include poor dieting, exposure to harm.ul chem.cals and radiation, weak im.une system. and genetics. Cancer presents an enorm.us health threat in the m.dern world and thus the need to identify an effective treatm.nt. The conventional treatm.nts used in the m.nagem.nt of cancer include chem.therapy and physiotherapy. These form. of cancer treatm.nts usually have enorm.us side effects on the subjects. In this respect, an alternative form.of treatm.nt would be effective in m.naging cancer patients. A substantial num.er of natural products have been observed to be effective in the m.nagem.nt of cancer. These natural products include plants and other natural substances such as honey. This study focuses on the efficiency of natural products in the treatm.nt of cancer. Also, the anticancer effects of Peganum.harm.la, m.nuka honey, and Saudi honey will be analyzed. Bee honey and Peganum.harm.la have been traditionally used in the treatm.nt of cancer. The extracts from.Peganum.harm.la plant have also been shown to exhibit divers’ antitum.r effects sim.lar to the m.de of action of a vast num.er of anticancer agents. These established hypotheses thus give the rationale for this study. In this experim.nt, extracts were obtained from.Peganum.harm.la leaves and exposed to cervical, lung, and prostate cancer cells. Sim.larly, solutions of m.nuka honey and Saudi honey were exposed to the cervical, lung, and prostate cancer cells. The experim.nt duration was 24 hours, which obtained results were recorded and analyzed. Peganum.harm.la extracts inhibit cancer cell growth at different and achievable concentrations. m.nuka honey

关键词： Peganum.harm.la m.nuka Honey Saudi Honey Anticancer Apoptosis Natural Products

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Effects of Supplem.ntal Glutam.ne and Lysine on Growth Perform.nce of Broiler Chickens

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 101-122页

作者： Ali F. Alsogair naif m. alhawiti Sam.el N. Nahashon National Center for Wildlife Riyadh KSA California Anim.l Health and Food Safety Laboratory University of California Davis Davis USA Departm.nt of Agricultural and Environm.ntal Sciences College of Agriculture Tennessee State University Nashville Tennessee USA

The optim.m.levels of Lysine and Glutam.ne needed for growth perform.nce and m.intenance of the chicken broilers were evaluated in a random.zed 3 × 4 factorial arrangem.nt of dietary treatm.nts. The battery cages m.asured 99 × 66 × 25 cm.that can be sufficient for 5 birds. Day old Chicken broilers totaling 180 were assigned to dietary treatm.nts com.rising of 3 concentrations of Lysine (0.85, 1.14, and 1.42) each in com.ination with 4 concentrations of Glutam.ne (0, 1, 2, and 3). Each dietary treatm.nt was replicated 3 tim.s and each replication had 5 birds. The birds were given feed and water ad libitum.with a 23-hour light regim.n for a period of 4 weeks. Then, the experim.ntal birds were evaluated for body weight gain, feed consum.tion, and feed conversion in order to determ.ne their optim.m.requirem.nt for dietary Lysine and Glutam.ne. Based on the findings of this study, the highest perform.nce was observed in birds fed the diet supplem.nted with 1.42 lysine and 1% glutam.ne, but the highest im.rovem.nt in feed conversion was observed in diet contain 1.14 and 1.42 with 1% and 3% glutam.ne, respectively. Birds fed 1.42 lysine and 1% glutam.ne had the highest total body weight gain and feed consum.tion. The lysine requirem.nts in the diet for Chicken are between 1.14 and 1.42 with glutam.ne level of 1%.

关键词： Broiler Chickens Lysine Glutam.ne Am.no Acid Dietary Protein Essentials AAs Non-Essential Am.no Acids

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Antibacteria Activity of Peganum.harm.la and Haloxylon salicornicum.Leaves Extracts

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Advances in m.crobiology 2024年第2期14卷 122-136页

作者： naif m. alhawiti Agnes K. Nthenge Waeel H. Alram.dhan William.Boadi Abdulrahm.n F. Alqahtani Elber-Lewis m.les CAHFS University of California Davis USA Departm.nt of Agricultural and Environm.ntal Sciences College of Agriculture Tennessee State University Nashville USA Departm.nt of Biological Science Tennessee State University Nashville USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry Tennessee State University Nashville USA Saudi Food and Drug Authority Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The use of antibiotics in hum.ns and anim.ls has been m.rked as a significant step in health due to their effectiveness in controlling and treating bacterial infections. The m.suse and overuse of antibiotics have been identified as risk factors for bacterial resistance since m.croorganism. adapt and develop m.chanism. to defend against antibiotics. According to the Centers for Disease Protection and Control (CDC), around 23,000 individuals die every year in the United States due to antibiotic resistance com.lications. As a result, a dem.nd for alternative treatm.nts has been a goal for scientists as the m.crobes adapt to selective pressure. The aim.of this study is to test the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Peganum.harm.la and Haloxylon salicornicum.on both Gram.positive and Gram.negative bacteria on various m.dium.. The results of the study showed that both P. harm.la and H. salicornicum.inhibited the bacterial growth in two different m.dia. The results were also com.ared with different com.on antibiotics used in both hum.n’s and anim.l’s fields and showed a prom.sing outcom. as alternative antibiotics.

关键词： Peganum.harm.la Haloxylon salicornicum Antibiotics Resistance m.dicinal Plants Gram.Positive Gram.Negative

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Anticancer Activity of Peganum.harm.la and Haloxylon salicornicum.Leaf Extracts on Lung Cancer A549 and Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cell Lines

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1360-1374页

作者： naif m. alhawiti Waeel H. Alram.dhan William.Boadi Elbert Lewis m.les Departm.nt of Biological Science Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA

Cancer is a worldwide disease that ranks as the second-largest cause of death after cardiovascular disease. In 2019, the estim.ted num.er of cancer deaths was around 10 m.llion worldwide and 600,000 in the United States. Due to the high side effects of the available treatm.nts for cancer, such as chem.therapy and radiotherapy, a dem.nd for alternative treatm.nts has been a goal for scientists with less toxicity and side effects. Lung cancer is the m.st com.on type of cancer worldwide and the leading cause of death in the United States. In addition, prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer death in Am.rican m.n after lung cancer. Natural sources discovered to have therapeutic m.dicinal properties against hum.n diseases are the plants Peganum.harm.la and Haloxylon salicornicum. The aim.of this study is to test the anticancer activity of leaf extracts of Peganum.harm.la and Haloxylon salicornicum.on lung cancer (A549) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines. The anticancer activity of P. harm.la and H. salicornicum.was studied using the assays: crystal violet viability, lipid peroxidation, and caspase-3 techniques, which were evaluated in vitro on two hum.n cancer cell lines. The results of the study showed that both plants’ extracts reduced the viability of both cancer cell lines, which depended on the concentration of the extract. Also, P. harm.la showed m.re potent activity against both types of cancer than H. salicornicum. P. harm.la and H. salicornicum.decreased the lipid peroxidation that induces cancer as well as increased the expression of caspase-3, which causes apoptosis and cell death. This study concluded that P. harm.la and H. salicornicum.leaf extracts showed significant anticancer properties, which m.ght be due to the presence of phytochem.cals, including flavonoids and phenolics.

关键词： Peganum.harm.la Haloxylon salicornicum Lung Cancer Prostate Cancer Lipid Peroxidation Caspase-3 Apoptosis

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Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Analysis for the Sine Generalized Linear Exponential m.del under Progressively Censored Data

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2795-2823页

作者： naif Alotaibi A.S.Al-m.isheer Ibrahim.Elbatal m.ham.ed Elgarhy Ehab m.Alm.twally Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics Faculty of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of m.them.tics College of ScienceJouf UniversityP.O.Box 848Sakaka72351Saudi Arabia m.them.tics and Com.uter Science Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef62521Egypt Departm.nt of Basic Sciences Higher Institute of Administrative SciencesBelbeisEgypt Faculty of Business Adm.nistration Delta University for Science and TechnologyGamasa11152Egypt

This article introduces a novel variant of the generalized linear exponential(GLE)distribution,known as the sine generalized linear exponential(SGLE)*** SGLE distribution utilizes the sine transform.tion to enhance its *** updated distribution is very adaptable and m.y be efficiently used in the m.deling of survival data and dependability *** suggested m.del incorporates a hazard rate function(HRF)that m.y display a rising,J-shaped,or bathtub form.depending on its unique *** m.del includes m.ny well-known lifespan distributions as separate *** suggested m.del is accom.anied with a range of statistical *** m.del param.ters are exam.ned using the techniques of m.xim.m.likelihood and Bayesian estim.tion using progressively censored *** order to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques,we provide a set of sim.lated data for testing *** relevance of the newly presented m.del is shown via two real-world dataset applications,highlighting its superiority over other respected sim.lar m.dels.

关键词： Sine G fam.ly generalized linear failure rate progressively censored data m.m.nts m.xim.m.likelihood estim.tion Bayesian estim.tion sim.lation

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Hydrom.gnetic peristaltic transport of copper-water nanofluid with tem.erature-dependent effective viscosity

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Particuology 2016年第4期14卷 133-140页

作者： Fahad m. Abbasi Tasawar Hayat Sabir A. Shehzad Fuad Alsaadi naif Altoaibi Departm.nt of m.them.tics COMSATS Institute of lnformation Technology Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics Quaid-l-Azam University 45320 Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of m.them.tics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Sahiwal Pakistan

The unique chem.cal m.chanical, and therm.dynam.c properties of nanofluids m.ke them.a subject of great interest for scientists from.all dom.ins. Such fluids are of particular significance in biom.dical engineering owing to their vast and novel applications in m.dern drug delivery system.; for exam.le, m.xed convective peristaltic flow of water-based nanofluids under the influence of an externally applied m.gnetic field is of particular significance. Hence, a lot of research has focused on peristalsis in the presence of velocity and therm.l slip effects. An em.irical relation for the effective viscosity of the nanofluid is proposed here for the first tim.. The viscosity of the nanofluid varies with tem.erature and nanoparticle volum. fraction. Num.rical sim.lation of the resulting nonlinear system.of equations is presented for different quantities of interest. The results indicate that the m.xim.m.velocity and tem.erature of the copper-water nanofluid increase for larger variable viscosity param.ter. The pressure gradient in the wider part of the channel is also found to increase as a function of the variable viscosity param.ter. The variable viscosity param.ter also influences the size of the trapped bolus. An increase in the nanoparticle volum. fraction reduces the reflux phenom.non in a peristaltic flow.

关键词： Tem.erature dependent effective viscosity Copper-water nanofluid Peristalsis Slip effect m.gnetohydrodynam.cs

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Antioxidant therapy in m.le infertility： fact or fiction？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 374-381,510页

作者： Arm.nd Zini naif AI-Hathal Division of Urology Department of Surgery Royal Victoria Hospital McGill University Montreal Que. H3T 1M5 Canada

Infertile m.n have higher levels of sem.n reactive oxygen species （ROS） than do fertile m.n. High levels of sem.n ROS can cause sperm.dysfunction, sperm.DNA dam.ge and reduced m.le reproductive potential. This observation has led clinicians to treat infertile m.n with antioxidant supplem.nts. The purpose of this article is to discuss the rationale for antioxidant therapy in infertile m.n and to evaluate the data on the efficacy of dietary and in vitro antioxidant preparations on sperm.function and DNA dam.ge. To date, m.st clinical studies suggest that dietary antioxidant supplem.nts are beneficial in term. of im.roving sperm.function and DNA integrity. However, the exact m.chanism.of action of dietary antioxidants and the optim.l dietary supplem.nt have not been established. m.reover, m.st of the clinical studies are sm.ll and few have evaluated pregnancy rates. A beneficial effect of in vitro antioxidant supplem.nts in protecting sperm.tozoa from.exogenous oxidants has been dem.nstrated in m.st studies; however, the effect of these antioxidants in protecting sperm.from.endogenous ROS, gentle sperm.processing and cryopreservation has not been established conclusively.

关键词： antioxidant m.le infertility oxidative stress sperm.DNA fragm.ntation vitam.ns

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A New Hybrid m.del for Segm.ntation of the Skin Lesion Based on Residual Attention U-Net

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 5177-5192页

作者： Saleh naif Alm.ayqil Reham.Arnous Noha Sakr m.gdy m.Fadel Departm.nt of Inform.tion System. College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Com.unications and Electronics Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology(DHIET)MansouraEgypt Com.uters Engineering and Control System. Departm.nt Faculty of EngineeringMansoura UniversityMansouraEgypt

Skin segm.ntation participates significantly in various biom.dical applications,such as skin cancer identification and skin lesion *** paper presents a novel fram.work for segm.nting the *** fram.work contains two m.in stages:The first stage is for rem.ving different types of noises from.the derm.scopic im.ges,such as hair,speckle,and im.ulse noise,and the second stage is for segm.ntation of the derm.scopic im.ges using an attention residual U-shaped Network(U-Net).The fram.work uses variational Autoencoders(VAEs)for rem.ving the hair noises,the Generative Adversarial Denoising Network(DGAN-Net),the Denoising U-shaped U-Net(D-U-NET),and Batch Renorm.lization U-Net(Br-U-NET)for rem.v-ing the speckle noise,and the Laplacian Vector m.dian Filter(m.Vm.)for rem.ving the im.ulse *** the second m.in stage,the residual attention u-net was used for *** fram.work achieves(35.11,31.26,27.01,and 26.16),(36.34,33.23,31.32,and 28.65),and(36.33,32.21,28.54,and 27.11)for rem.ving hair,speckle,and im.ulse noise,respectively,based on Peak Signal Noise Ratio(PSNR)at the level of(0.1,0.25,0.5,and 0.75)of *** fram.work also achieves an accuracy of nearly 94.26 in the dice score in the process of segm.ntation before rem.ving noise and 95.22 after rem.ving different types of *** experim.nts have shown the efficiency of the used m.del in rem.ving noise according to the structural sim.larity index m.asure(SSIm.and PSNR and in the segm.ntation process as well.

关键词： Skin tum.r speckle noise im.ulse noise hair noise deep learning segm.ntation

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