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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第2期6卷 118-126页

作者： Maria Francis George Johnson Thevabakthi Siluvai Muthu Arul Jeevan Sebastian Arockiasamy Karachalacheruvu Seetharamaiah nagaraja Department of Chemistry Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE) Loyola College Chennai India Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computational Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences (SAS) VIT University Chennai Campus Chennai India

The complexes of bis[N-alkyl-2-hydroxonapthaldimine]nickel(II) (N-alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl) were synthesized and their volatilization in N2 atmosphere was demonstrated by the TG-based transpiration technique. The equilibrium vapor pressure of the complexes over a temperature span of 470 - 590 K was determined by adapting a horizontal dual arm single furnace thermoanalyser as a transpiration apparatus. It yielded as 153.1 (±1.9), 122.9 (±0.3), 147.6 (±10.7), 151.8 (±10.9) and 114.7 (±5.3) k·Jmol–1 respectively. The entropies of vaporization for these complexes as calculated from the intercept of the linear fit expressions were found to be 319.7 (±3.9), 229.9 (±5.8), 317.8 (±17.2), 319.7 (±19.1) and 254.6 (±9.6) Jmo–1·K–1 respectively. The non-isothermal vaporization activation energy was determined from Arrhenius and Coats-Redfern methods.

关键词： Volatile Nickel Complexes Thermal Properties Vapor Pressure Transpiration Technique Enthalpy and Entropy of Vaporization Vaporization Kinetics

Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Tribal Action Plan Fund Utilisation: How Does Chhattisgarh State in India Fare?

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第1期7卷 1-10页

作者： Gayadhar Mallick Sharath Burugina nagaraja Karuna D. Sagili Kshitij Khaparde Srinath Satyanarayana Sarabjit Chadha The International Union against TB and Lung Disease New Delhi India ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR Bangalore India WHO Country Office New Delhi India

Background: In India, tuberculosis remains as a major public health problem amongst the tribal population. Poor physical access to diagnosis and treatment under the Revised National TB control programme (RNTCP) still remains the problem for the population. RNTCP implements Tribal Action Plan (TAP) for tribal patients. We conducted the study to determine the trends of financial utilisation for the special provisions available under tribal action plan like patient honorarium, incentive for sputum collection and transport, incentive for programme staff and incentive for vehicle maintenance. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on mixed method study approach was conducted in Chhattisgarh, India during Nov. 16 to Jun. 17. District TB Officers implementing TAP were interviewed telephonically using a semi-structured questionnaire to ascertain and analyse the reasons for low fund utilization in their districts. Retrospective financial data for five financial years from 13 TAP districts for 2012-2013 to 2016-2017 was collected, compiled and analysed. Results: Overall, the trends on states expenditure on tribal action plan in terms of absolute numbers has increased over the past five years;however, in terms of fund utilization against received ranges from 37% - 86% with the utilization rate less than 44% in the recent years (2014-2017). Conclusion: The trends of utilisation of TAP is less than 44% over the recent years. There is an urgent need for the administrators to intervene and improve the efficiency of fund utilisation at State and district levels.

关键词： Fund Tuberculosis Tribal Action Plan RNTCP India

Contribution of plasma membrane Ca^(2+) ATPase to cerebellar synapse function

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2010年第5期1卷 95-102页

作者： Helena Huang Raghavendra Y nagaraja Molly L Garside Walther Akemann Thomas Knpfel Ruth M Empson Department of Physiology Brain Health and Repair Research CentreUniversity of Otago School of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics RIKEN Brain Science Institute

The cerebellum expresses one of the highest levels of the plasma membrane Ca2+ATPase,isoform 2 in the mammalian *** highly efficient plasma membrane calcium transporter protein is enriched within the main output neurons of the cerebellar cortex;i.e. the Purkinje neurons(PNs) .Here we review recent evidence,including electrophysiological and calcium imaging approaches using the plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2(PMCA2) knockout mouse,to show that PMCA2 is critical for the physiological control of calcium at cerebellar synapses and cerebellar dependent *** studies have also revealed that deletionof PMCA2 throughout cerebellar development in the PMCA2 knockout mouse leads to permanent signalling and morphological alterations in the PN dendrites. Whilst these findings highlight the importance of PMCA2 during cerebellar synapse function and development,they also reveal some limitations in the use of the PMCA2 knockout mouse and the need for additional experimental approaches including cell-specific and reversible manipulation of PMCAs.

关键词： Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase Cerebellum Calcium Purkinje neuron

Prediction of Smear Positive TB Cases at Different Types of Designated Microscopy Centres, Karnataka, India

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2017年第4期5卷 258-264页

作者： Sharath Burugina nagaraja Suresh Shastri Jaya Prasad Tripathy Ghansham Sharma Shilpashree Madhav Kunjathur Anil Singarajipur Sarabjit Chadha Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Bangalore India State TB Cell RNTCP Bangalore India International Union against TB and Lung Diseases New Delhi India BGS Institute of Medical Sciences Bangalore India

Background: Under the Revised National Tuberculosis control Programme (RNTCP) in India, the designated microscopy centres (DMCs) form the basic unit of smear positive TB case detection in a district. There is a need by the programme managers to estimate the mean and range of smear positive tuberculosis (TB) cases that can be detected at DMCs located in different type of health facilities to channelize their resources. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in the state of Karnataka, India during January 2014 to December 2014 based on the compiled reports from past five years received from all the 30 districts of the state. The prediction was made based on the performance of these DMCs in the last five years using a modeling technique. Results: The proportions of the DMCs located at health facilities are Primary Health Institutions/Centres (PHIs)—73%, Tuberculosis Units (TUs)—15%, Medical colleges (MC)—7%, District TB centres (DTC)—3% and Private Practitioners (PP)—2%. The maximum number of cases that can be detected at DTC is 3621 (SD 54), TU is 9224 (SD 90), PHI is 20,412 (SD 135), PP is 859 (SD 26) and MC is 8322 (SD 84). Conclusion: The predicted values will essentially serve as a tool for the programme managers of Karnataka to plan, strategize and monitor the performance of DMCs in the state.

关键词： Normal Probability Model Smear Positive TB Prediction India

Tuberculosis Treatment Completion for Tribal Patients in Kerala: Needs Constant Push!

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第4期7卷 185-201页

作者： Jyothilakshmi Chettipparan Rajan Tanu Anand Sharath Burugina nagaraja Sabu Kochupurackal Ulahannan Karuna Sagili Manu Muraleedharan Sarojini Wayanad Social Service Society Wayanad Kerala India Department of Community Medicine North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College Hindu Rao Hospital Delhi India Department of Community Medicine ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR Bengaluru India Institute of Public Health Bengaluru India Department of TB and communicable diseases The Union New Delhi India State TB Demonstration and Training Centre Trivandrum India

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) incidence among tribal patients is high owing to their social and geographic vulnerability. Ensuring adherence to TB treatment among them remains a challenging task as it is dependent on socio-cultural and environmental factors. Objective: 1) To know the individuals’ perception of TB disease and anti-TB treatment;2) To explore the personal, social, family and cultural factors influencing on patient’s treatment adherence;3) To identify the challenges faced by health care providers in delivering services to the tribal population. Material and Methods: A descriptive qualitative study conducted among tribal patients (n = 16) and health providers (n = 6) of Manathavady TB unit, Wayanad District of Kerala. The data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs), audio-recorded in Malayalam, transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Transcripts were analysed using manual descriptive content analysis. Results: Most of the patients were oriented about the importance of completing TB treatment though lacked awareness about its causation. The supportive attitude of the community further encouraged them to continue TB treatment. However, substance abuse emerged as the biggest challenge to treatment adherence particularly among males. While accessibility to the health system, animal confrontation, and disaster risk emerged as barriers owing to the geographic landscape of the community, health services were found to be acceptable, available and affordable to all the patients. No stigma or discrimination was perceived by the patients at family, community and health system level. However, their beliefs in herbal medicines and conduct of certain rituals delayed them for seeking care. The personal commitment of the health care staff helped the TB patients to adhere better with the treatment thereby yielding best results. Conclusion: The TB treatment adherence among the tribal population was satisfactory due to personal, social and health sys

关键词： Treatment Adherence Kerala Qualitative Operational Research

Characterization and Evaluation of Standard Enthalpy of Vaporization and Kinetic Studies of Volatile bis(N-ethyl-5-methyl-salicylaldimine)nickel(II) Complex

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第2期6卷 156-163页

作者： Thevabakthi Siluvai Muthu Arul Jeevan Maria Francis George Johnson Atnafu Guadie Assefa Sebastian Arockiasamy Karachalacheruvu Seetharamaiah nagaraja Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computational Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia Department of Chemistry Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE) Loyola College Chennai India Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences (SAS) VIT University Chennai Campus Chennai India

The bis(N-ethyl-5-methylsalicylaldimine)nickel(II) [Ni(5-me-saletN)2] complex was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, TG-DTA, mass spectrometry and vapour pressure measurement studies. The TG curve of the complex showed a single-step weight loss commencing from 490 K to nil residue at 600 K, without competing fragmentation step. The non-isothermal vaporization activation energy value determined by Coats-Redfern method yielded the value of 93.5 ± 7 kJmol–1. The dynamic TG run proved the complex to be completely volatile. And the equilibrium vapour pressure of the complex over the temperature range of 421 - 524 K, determined by the TG-based transpiration technique yielded the value of 94.2 ± 1.2 kJmol–1 for its standard enthalpy of vaporization . The entropy of vaporization was calculated from the intercept and found to be 249.4 ± 2.6 Jmol–1•K–1.

关键词： Nickel Complexes Enthalpy of Vaporization Thermogravimetry Vapour Pressure Kinetic Studies

分光光度法间接测定电镀废水中的氮基磺酸(英文)

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电镀与涂饰 2010年第11期29卷 46-50页

作者： B. Deepa K. S. nagaraja N. Balasubramanian Mary George Department of Chemistry Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE) Loyola College Chennai-600 034 India Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Chennai-600 036 India Department of Chemistry Stella Maris College Chennai-600 086 India

提出了一种利用已知过量的亚硝酸盐与氨基磺酸反应,对氨基磺酸进行分光光度测定的方法。未反应的亚硝酸根采用其与对硝基苯胺及N–(1–萘基)乙二胺二盐酸盐(NEDA)之间的重氮偶合反应来测定。所生成的偶氮染料的最大吸收波长为545nm,实... 详细信息

提出了一种利用已知过量的亚硝酸盐与氨基磺酸反应,对氨基磺酸进行分光光度测定的方法。未反应的亚硝酸根采用其与对硝基苯胺及N–(1–萘基)乙二胺二盐酸盐(NEDA)之间的重氮偶合反应来测定。所生成的偶氮染料的最大吸收波长为545nm,实测摩尔吸光度为6.1×104L/(mol·cm)。该方法可用于测量总体积为25mL的样品中0～25μg的氨基磺酸。当样本数为10时,测定15μg氨基磺酸的相对标准偏差为2%。将该方法用于测定镍、铅、铁、钌、铟等金属的氨基磺酸盐电镀液废水中氨基磺酸的含量,其结果采用加标回收率方法进行了验证。

关键词：氨基磺酸重氮偶合分光光度法电镀废水

“Kill-TB” Drug Reminder Mobile Application for Tuberculosis Patients at Bengaluru, India: Effectiveness and Challenges

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2020年第1期8卷 1-10页

作者： Sharath Burugina nagaraja Naveen Kotur Niranjan Murthy Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur Nanda Sappandi Deepak Murthy Arundathi Das Anil Singarajipur Employee’s State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Bengaluru India BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences Bengaluru India Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute Bengaluru India District Tuberculosis Office Bengaluru India State Tuberculosis Office Bengaluru India

Background: Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in India. Newer digital technologies for treatment adherence have been tested for diseases with chronic medication. A mobile application (Kill-TB) that provides reminder to TB patients through alarm was tested for its effectiveness and challenges under programmatic settings. Methods: A cohort of TB patients initiated on treatment with and without mobile application at Bangalore city during January-March 2019 was observed for missed doses during their treatment period. Results: A total of 694 patients (347 patients with and without mobile application) were enrolled for the study. Among the patients with and without mobile application 1) loss to follow-up was 2% and 8%, 2) non-adherence rate to TB treatment was 1.5 and 3.3 per 100 person-months, 3) treatment success rate was 89% and 81%. Conclusion: The TB drug reminder mobile application benefits the patient’s treatment adherence and paves way for improved treatment outcomes despite the challenges in implementation. The programme should leverage mobile technologies as an additional monitoring tool to achieve the target of End-TB by 2025.

关键词： Kill-TB Tuberculosis India Mobile Application

Threefold Increase in the Number of Drug Resistant TB Cases after Introduction of Universal Drug Susceptibility Testing: Experiences from Two South India Districts

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2020年第2期8卷 42-52页

作者： Sanath Kumar Gurram Krishnamurthy Sharath Burugina nagaraja Tanu Anand Karuna D. Sagili Cheluve Gowda Shailaja Basavaraj Poojar Srinath Satyanarayana Department of Health and Family Tumkur District Karnataka India Department of Community Medicine ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR Bengaluru India Department of Community Medicine North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College Hindu Rao Hospital Delhi India Department of TB and Communicable Diseases the Union South East Asia Office New Delhi India Department of Community Medicine Sri Siddhartha Medical College Tumkur Karnataka India Department of Health and Family Belgaum District Karnataka India Department of Pharmacology Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India The Union South East Asia Office New Delhi India

Background: In India, tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem, and the advent of drug resistance TB (DR-TB) has worsened the situation. The Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) has introduced universal drug susceptibility testing (UDST) for all diagnosed TB cases in 2018. We conducted this study to know the advantage of implementing UDST when compared to selective testing existent in 2017 on key diagnostic cascade parameters and to identify the challenges in the implementation of UDST. Methods: The study was conducted in two districts of Karnataka, India during January 2017-December 2018. The quantitative part consisted of before-and-after design and the qualitative part consisted of descriptive design. Results: In 2017 (during selective testing/“before” period) out of the 2440 TB patients, 80 (3%) were diagnosed with Isoniazid and Rifampicin resistance patients;in contrast in 2018 (during UDST/“after” period) of the 5129 TB patients 258 (5%) were diagnosed with Isoniazid and Rifampicin resistance. However, the proportion of eligible patients tested for rifampicin resistance during the “after” period was 60% when compared to 100% during the “before” period and median turnaround time for testing was also longer during the “after” period when compared to the “before” period (32.5 days vs 27.5 days). Major reasons for these two gaps were found to be difficulties in collecting sputum specimens and transportation. Conclusion: The rollout of UDST has led to a three-fold increase in a number of DR-TB cases detected in the region. There is a need for the programme to increase the proportion tested for DST by increasing the laboratory capacity and address the challenges in sputum collection and transportation.

关键词： Operational Research Criteria C Line Probe Assay Universal Drug Susceptibility Testing Culture and Drug Susceptibility Testing

Identification of circulating CD90^+ CD73^+ cells in cirrhosis of liver

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2011年第7期3卷 63-69页

作者： Mitnala Sasikala Pugazhelthi Surya Gaddipati Radhika Pondugala Pavan Kumar Mekala Subba Rao Rathindra Mohan Mukherjee Padaki nagaraja Rao D Nageshwar Reddy Institute of Basic Sciences and TranslationalResearch Asian Health Care Foundation Asian Institute of Gastroenterology

AIM:To identify circulating CD90 + CD73 + CD45 cells and evaluate their in vitro proliferating ***:Patients with cirrhosis(n=43),and healthy volunteers(n=40)were recruited to the *** cells were isolated and cultured from the peripheral blood of controls and cirrhosis ***-like cells that appeared in cultures were analyzed for morphological features,enumerated by flow cytometry and confirmed by immunocytochemistry(ICC).Colony forming efficiency(CFE)of these cells was assessed and expressed as a ***:In comparison to healthy volunteers,cells obtained from cirrhotic patients showed a significantincrease(P<0.001)in the percentage of CD90+CD73+ CD45 cells in *** cells also showed 10 fold increases in *** cytometry and ICC confirmed that the proliferating cells expressed CD90 + CD73 + in the cultures from cirrhosis ***:These results indicate the presence of circulating CD90 + CD73 + CD45 cells in patients with liver cirrhosis that have the potential to proliferate at a higher rate.

关键词： CD90+ CD73+ CD45 cells Liver cirrhosis Proliferation Colony forming efficiency