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Crystal Chemistry and Geochronology of Thorium-Rich Monazite from Kovela Granitic Complex,Southern Finland

Natural Resources 2019年第6期10卷 230-269页

作者： Thair al-Ani Pentti Holtta Sari Gronholm Lassi Pakkanen nadhir al-an.a.i Geological Survey of Finland(GTK) Vuorimiehentie 5EspooFinland Lulea University of Technology LuleaSweden

Abundant porphyritic granites, including Grt-bearing and Bt-bearing porphyritic granites, and porphyritic potash-feldspar granite (trondhjemite-granitic composition) are widely distributed within the Kovela granitic complex Southern Finland, which associated with monazite-bearing dikes (strong trondhjemite composition). The investigated monazite-bearing dikes are dominated by a quartz + K-feldspar + plagioclase + biotite + garnet + monazite assemblage. The monazite forms complexly zoned subhedral to euhedral crystals variable in size (100 - 1500 μm in diameter) characterized by high Th content. The chemical zoning characterised as: 1) concentric, 2) patchy, and 3) intergrowth-like. Textural evidence suggests that these accessory minerals crystallized at an early magmatic stage, as they are commonly associated with clusters of the observed variations in their chemical composition are largely explained by the huttonite exchange , and subordinately by the cheralite exchange with proportions of huttonite (ThSiO4) and cheralite [CaTh(PO4)2] up to 20.4% and 9.8%, respectively. Textural evidence suggests that these monazites and associated Th-rich minerals (huttonite/thorite) crystallized at an early magmatic stage, rather than metamorphic origin. The total lanthanide and actinide contents in monazite and host dikes are strongly correlated. Mineral compositions applied to calculate P-T crystallization conditions using different approaches reveal a temperature range of 700°C - 820°C and pressure 3 - 6 kbars for the garnet-biotite geothermometry. P-T pseudo-section analyses calculated using THERMOCalC software for the bulk compositions of suitable rock types, constrain the PT conditions of garnet growth equilibration within the range of 5 - 6 kbars and 760°C - 770°C respectively. Empirical calculations and pseudo-section approaches indicate a clockwise P-T path for the rocks of the studied area. 207Pb/206Pb dating of monazite by LA-MC-iCPMS revealed a recrystallization perio

关键词： Monazite Growth and Recrystallization Monazite Dating P-T Path Huttonite Kovela Granitic Complex Finland

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Three-Dimensional Morphodynamic Modelling of Tigris River in Baghdad

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2017年第6期11卷 571-594页

作者： Ammar A. ali nadhir A. al-an.a.i Qusay al-Suhail Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology 97187 Lulea Sweden College of Engineering University of Baghdad Baghdad 10001 Iraq College of Science University of Baghdad Baghdad 10001 Iraq

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Estimation of Domestic Solid Waste Amount and its Required Landfill Volume in Najaf Governorate, iraq for the Period 2015-2035

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第6期8卷 339-346页

作者： Mohammad A. al-an.a.i Mohanad Y. Thameer nadhir al-an.a.i Sven Knutsson Babylon University Collage of Engineering Babel Iraq Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Solid waste management is one of the most important challenges facing the local administration in the governorate of Najaf. This paper investigates the domestic amount generated in Najaf governorate for period 2015-2035 and the required landfill volume for the disposal of the waste. The daily per capita waste generation in al-Najaf is 0.42 kg, the humidity content about 43% and the density of waste around 473 kg/m3. The total amount was about 5,914,415 ton and the required landfill volume is 11,828,829 m3.

关键词： Najaf Governorate iraq Domestic Solid Waste Landfill

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Origin of Some Transversal Linear Features of NE-SW Trend in iraq, and Their Geological Characters

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Natural Science 2014年第12期6卷 996-1011页

作者： Varoujan K. Sissakian nadhir al-an.a.i Sven Knutsson Consultant Geologist Erbil Iraq Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

iraq is located at the extreme northeastern part of the Arabian Plate, which is in collision with the Eurasian Plate. This collision is still onward, and has caused alignment of the evolved structures in NW-SE trend, mainly, especially in the northern, northeastern and eastern sides of iraq. However, many transversal linear features of NE-SW trend, represented by rivers, streams, valleys, playas, anticlines and offsets are developed, in parallel trend to the main compressional forces created by the aforementioned collision. Many examples from different parts of iraq confirm the mechanism of their formation through the geological, geomorphological, tectonics and structural aspects. although the existing linear features are tens of kilometers in length, but almost no surface displacements were reported, except very few, in some parts of iraq. The given examples are selected to be the most obvious, when geophysical data are available, the surface and subsurface geology of the involved area is correlated to deduce whether the surface expression coincides with the subsurface or otherwise. A brief tectonic history is also given.

关键词： Component Transversal Forms Playas Linear Rivers Streams Valleys Plate Collision iraq

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A Novel Coating Method for Create Filter Media Capable to Remove Phosphate from Wastewater Effectively

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Engineering（科研） 2019年第8期11卷 443-463页

作者： ali alzeyadi nadhir al-an.a.i Abdulla M. al-Rawabdeh Jan Laue Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden Department of Earth and Environmental Science Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan

Filtration materials coating with metallic oxides represented a good method for phosphate sorption. However, most of the researchers utilize chemicals as a source of metallic oxides and heating process to set the chemicals over the filtration materials. This study is aimed to introduce the furnace bottom ash FBA as a source of metallic oxides;it is available free because it is dumped as a waste material from power generation plants. The method of creating new filter media involves coating the limestone and sand by FBA, and the ordinary Portland cement OPC utilized as binder to binding the mixture materials. The water is the factor which is responsible for activating the OPC. all factors such as mixed materials ratio, water content and age of reaction have subjected to optimization process. The results revealed that the optimal mixture for phosphate removal consists of 40% FBA, 5% OPC from dry weight of supporting material, 35% water ratio from the total weight of FBA and OPC, and 14 days are enough to complete the materials reaction. Limestone-furnace bottom ash LFBA indicated high capacity for phosphate sorption and possibility of efficiency regenerate. This study demonstrates a new method for coating the filtration materials more convenient with sustainability approach.

关键词： Calcium-Silicate Hydrates FBA Metal Oxides Sorption Upflow Filter Wastewater Treatment

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Kicks Controlling Techniques Efficiency in Term of Time

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Engineering（科研） 2017年第5期9卷 482-492页

作者： ali K. Darwesh Thorkild Maack Rasmussen nadhir al-an.a.i Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lule&aring University of Technology Lule&aring Sweden

Kicks are the result of under balance drilling operation. Time consumed to control the kicks will be different in depending on the controlling technique. Drilling fluid considered as a first barrier to control formation pressure and well kicks. Any advance in drilling fluids leads to more controlled operation in term of time. This paper will follow the general increasing profile of pressure before entering the reservoir. Both methods of well controlling technique;circulating techniques and non-circulating have been implemented in many oil blocks. The process of designing and casing selection, setting depth and many other issues is predominately dependent on the utilization of accurate values of formation pressure. Formation pressures used to design safe mud weights to overcome fracturing the formation and prevent well kicks. Hence the emphasis has been placed on the practical utilization of kicks pressure near the reservoir. The presented relationships will help the engineer to better understand lithological columns and reduce potential hole problems during the kick appearance. Selecting the best well controlling practical method can lead to not harming the reservoir and more production later. Changes in some drilling fluid properties have been proposed with increasing the depth without damaging the reservoir. Suggestions in relation to the casing setting point of the intermediate section are also proposed. Standard equations with proper modification for gases and safety margin have been proposed for the future drilling operation in oil fields above the reservoir.

关键词： Driller Technique Engineer Technique Drilling Fluid Kicks Reservoir

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GiS and Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Landfill Site Selection in al-Hashimyah Qadaa

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Natural Science 2014年第5期6卷 282-304页

作者： Mohammad ali alan.a.i nadhir al-an.a.i Hadeel Kareem Jasim Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden University of Babylon Babylon Iraq

Waste management system is not well regulated in iraq. Despite the fact that there are various techniques used for solid waste disposal, landfill is the most common mode for the disposal of solid waste in iraq, landfill site selection criteria is quite complex process and it depends on several regulation and factors. in this study landfill site selection is performed by using Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographic information System (GiS) for the al-Hashimyahqadaa. Existing landfills in qadaa are temporary and/or non-conforming to the environmental conditions. in order to determine landfill site, several criteria were examined such as urban centers, land use, airports, pipes, power lines, railways, roads, slope, streams, surface water, industrial areas, oil pipes, liquid gas pipes, soil types are prepared. MCDA was used to measure the relative importance weighting for each criterion. Each map layer was prepared using GiS and the final suitable map was created by overlay analyses of each criterion map. According to the results, high and low suitable areas were determined in the study area. Field site check was performed to determine the accuracy and suitability of the candidate sites.

关键词： GiS Multicriteria Decision Analysis Landfill Site Selection Criteria

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Determination of the Chemical Structure of the iraqi Oil Shale and its Hydrocarbon Forms

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Engineering（科研） 2018年第1期10卷 7-20页

作者： Atiya al-Zuheri Haider Rashad ali A. al Maliki Hussain M. Hussain nadhir al-an.a.i Ministry of Science and Technology Baghdad Iraq Remote Sensing Center University of Kufa Najaf Iraq Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

The global impact of shale oil has revolutionized the world’s energy markets, resulting in significantly lower oil prices, higher global gross domestic product, changing geopolitics and shifted business models for oil and gas companies. Further and developed research initiative is required to fill critical gaps in knowledge at the interface of shale oil development along with environmental protection, so countries can prepare better for its energy future. This paper explores the characterization of iraqi originated oil shale using various analytical techniques, such as mass spectrometry (MS), infrared spectroscopy (iR), and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrography (GC/MS). Based upon analytical results, it is found that the majority of chemical structure is in aliphatic hydrocarbon forms.

关键词： Oil Shale MS iR GC/MS Characterization

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Evaluation of Limestone interval in the Drilled Surface Section of Bn-1 Oil Well

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第8期8卷 515-524页

作者： ali K. Darwesh Thorkild Maack Rasmussen nadhir al-an.a.i Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

The first exploration oil well in any oil block consumes in general more time and cost than the other wells in the same block. Evaluating the drilled wells serves to improve the future operations. This paper evaluates the drilled surface section through real field data for the first exploration oil well drilled in one of the oil blocks, in Kurdistan north of iraq. The surface section of the well was drilled with the conventional method to penetrate many different geological formations with tight intervals. Drilling efficiency and the difficulties encountered are discussed and explained using various data sources. all daily drilling reports concerning a specific interval were studied. This includes weight on bit, string rotation, mud pump flow and penetration rate. Evaluation was carried out by analyzing the used controllable drilling parameters with the formations features. Penetration of the Pila Spi formation (Middle Eocene) was the most difficult formation in the drilled section. Microsoft Office 365 Pro Plus used in making graphs and Excel tables. Evaluations showed that the conventional technology used left many negative effects, like increase in None Productive Time NPT, cost and ground water pollution. Simultaneous Casing Drilling method proposed as an alternative method for the future campaign.

关键词： Oil Exploration Drilling Casing Torque Penetration Rate Formation Spud

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Spatial Decision Support System for Coastal Zone Management under a Changing Climate in Victoria, Australia

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Engineering（科研） 2018年第10期10卷 637-642页

作者： Sultana Nasrin Baby Colin Arrowsmith nadhir al-an.a.i Nahlah Abbas School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology RMIT University Melbourne Australia nadhir al-an.a.i Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden School of Engineering and Technology Central Queensland University Melbourne Australia

The ultimate aim of using spatial datasets and spatial data modelling is focused on enabling a sustainable environment by bringing the public policies into practice. The consequence will be sustainable spatially aware strategic planning for all levels of Australian government. Geographical information Systems (GiS) are the platform that can serve this aim provided that model, current process and spatial datasets are fit for purpose. To bring public policy into practice a broad range of knowledge from different disciplines is needed. Most decision making processes are pressured in terms of time and driving forces and also the process is beyond the knowledge of individuals in the various disciplines. There is a need for immediate uptake models and tools which are relevant to the target subject that will facilitate this decision making process. This paper focuses on realizing the utility in spatial data and spatial data handling in order to help climate change adaptation programs at local government level. Web-based mapping tools can assist planners prepare for the changing climate conditions in Bass Coast Shire Council. The GiS team has gathered data from various climate research organizations to understand projections of what different climate scenarios might look like over the next 100-year period. From this website demo it is hoped that the user will understand how the tool works, background information on different GiS platforms, access to interactive mapping, online geospatial analysis tools, videos, open source resource, sea level tools, modelling, 3D visualization and direct download access to various planning and natural resource data sets relating to environment management. Some results from our elevation data analyses through these Web map visualization tools are provided.

关键词： Spatial Modelling GiS 3D Visualisation Web-Based Climate

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