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Estimation of Settlement under Shallow Foundation for Different Regions in iraq Using SAFE Software

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Engineering（科研） 2015年第7期7卷 379-386页

作者： Entidhar al-Taie nadhir al-an.a.i Sven Knutsson Reconstruction and Projects Department Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research Baghdad Iraq Department of Civil Environment and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Foundation design must satisfy limited values of settlement. Settlement is an essential criterion in the design process of shallow foundations. To calculate the settlement under different types of shallow foundations, 79 samples were taken from twenty-three sites distributed in three regions: Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah in the northern, central and southern parts of iraq. Field and laboratory tests were performed to obtain the strength parameters to calculate the bearing capacity. The results obtained for the bearing capacity were used in SAFE software. The software was used to design and analyze the foundation and to calculate the settlements under two types of foundations (raft and continuous) for the three regions. Average and minimum values of bearing capacity were used. The software used subgrade reaction modules values for the design and analysis. According to the results, the suitable, safe and economical type of foundation to be used in Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah regions for the average value of bearing capacity is the continuous type for the first two regions while the raft type is recommended for Basrah region. in case that the minimum bearing capacity values are used, raft foundation is recommended for Mosul and Baghdad. While deep foundation is the suitable type of foundation for Basrah region.

关键词： Raft Foundation Silt Clay Settlement SAFE

Evaluation of Foundation Settlement under Various Added Loads in Different Locations of iraq Using Finite Element

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第5期8卷 257-268页

Settlement is an important criterion in the design of the foundations. it is classifying into immediate (or elastic) settlement and consolidated settlement (primary and secondary). The factors that affect the shallow foundation settlement are the applied loads, soil stiffness, and geometric shape of foundation. Calculations of settlement depend on the parameters of soil which can be obtained from field and laboratory tests. Field and laboratory tests were conducted for twenty three sites in three different regions in iraq (Mosul, Baghdad, and Basrah). in this research, field and laboratory tests results adopted for two sites from each region depended on the maximum and minimum bearing capacity values. Settlement for each site was calculated using numerical (mathematical) calculations and PLAXiS software under different added loads. The results of settlements beneath the foundation were competing for the sites with maximum value of bearing capacity in Mosul;Baghdad and Basrah. also, the comparison conducted for sites of minimum bearing capacity value and the results showed different settlement values of each site. The change of settlement values under different loads was linearly in the six sites using numerical (mathematical) calculations. While, the settlement values obtained from PLAXiS software for sites with maximum bearing capacity value showed that Mosul site had the highest value due to the type of soil layers and the difference models of soil used in the software. Basrah site had a settlement value higher than Baghdad site due to the soil layers of sand type only. PLAXiS results for sites with minimum bearing capacity showed that for Basrah site the soil went to failure. While, the settlement values for Mosul and Baghdad sites were close to each other due to have nearly same soil layers. Therefore, high rise buildings could not be used in some sites. also, soil in some locations and under some added loads needed to be improved before the implementation of an

关键词： Settlement Foundation Field Test Cohesion Soil PLAXiS Consolidation Over Consolidated Soil

Collaborative Efforts and Strategies for Cholera Outbreak Control in Garissa County, Kenya: implementation of Water Quality Monitoring interventions

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： Michael Habtu Mark Nanyingi ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid M. Noor Joel Mutyandia Muli alan Mwika Julius Wekesa Ahmed Fidhow Diba Dulacha Landry Kabego ishata Nannie Conteh Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Sonia Chene Aden H. ibrahim Ahmed nadhir Omar Martins C. Livinus Abdourahmane Diallo World Health Organization Nairobi Kenya Department of Health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya Water Resources Authority Garissa Kenya World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Regional Agency for Health Dijon France

A multi-faceted Case Area Targeted intervention (CATi) approach emphasizing the integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) campaign was employed to respond to the outbreak of cholera in Garissa County. Drinking water sources in areas heavily impacted by cholera were systematically mapped and tested for microbiological quality. The quality assessment was carried out in April 2023 during an ongoing cholera outbreak in the county. A total of 109 samples were collected and tested for thermotolerant coliforms and other in situ parameters. The finding revealed that more than 87% of the samples did not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for thermotolerant coliforms;and 30% had turbidity values above the recommended threshold values. None of the 109 samples had any traceable residual chlorine. Following these findings, the county government implemented the targeted interventions which resulted in a positive impact in the fight against cholera. The WHO supported key interventions which included capacity building in water quality monitoring and prepositioning of critical WASH commodities to the cholera affected areas.

关键词： Cholera Drinking Water Household Water Treatment Kenya

Data-Driven Models for Predicting Solar Radiation in Semi-Arid Regions

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1625-1640页

作者： Mehdi Jamei Nadjem Bailek Kada Bouchouicha Muhammed A.Hassan Ahmed Elbeltagi alban Kuriqi nadhir al-Ansar Javier almorox El-Sayed M.El-kenawy Engineering Faculty Shohadaye Hoveizeh Campus of TechnologyShahid Chamran University of AhvazDashte AzadeganIran Energies and Materials Research Laboratory Department of Matter SciencesFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of TamanghassetTamanghassetAlgeria Unitéde Recherche en Energies Renouvelables en Milieu Saharien(URERMS) Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables(CDER)01000AdrarAlgeria Mechanical Power Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringCairo UniversityGiza12613GizaEgypt Agricultural Engineering Department Faculty of AgricultureMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt CERiS Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of Technology97187LuleaSweden Universidad Politécnica de Madrid UPMAvd.Puerta de Hierro28040MadridSpain Department of Communications and Electronics Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and TechnologyMansoura35111Egypt Faculty of Artificial intelligence Delta University for Science and TechnologyMansoura35712Egypt

Solar energy represents one of themost important renewable energy sources contributing to the energy transition *** that the observation of daily global solar radiation(GSR)is not affordable in some parts of the globe,there is an imperative need to develop alternative ways to predict ***,the main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of different hybrid data-driven techniques in predicting daily GSR in semi-arid regions,such as the majority of Spanish ***,four ensemble-based hybrid models were developed by hybridizing Additive Regression(AR)with Random Forest(RF),Locally Weighted Linear Regression(LWLR),Random Subspace(RS),and *** base algorithms of the developed models are scarcely applied in previous studies to predict solar *** testing phase outcomes demonstrated that the ARRF models outperform all other hybrid *** provided models were validated by statisticalmetrics,such as the correlation coefficient(R)and root mean square error(RMSE).The results proved that Scenario#6,utilizing extraterrestrial solar radiation,relative humidity,wind speed,and mean,maximum,and minimum ambient air temperatures as the model inputs,leads to the most accurate predictions among all scenarios(R=0.968–0.988 and RMSE=1.274–1.403 MJ/m^(2)・d).also,Scenario#3 stood in the next rank of accuracy for predicting the solar radiation in both validating *** AD-RF model was the best predictive,followed by AD-RS and ***,this study recommends new effective methods to predict GSR in semiarid regions.

关键词： Solar radiation prediction random forest locally-weighted linear regression additive regression

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Natural Science 2013年第4期5卷 463-477页

作者： nadhir al-an.a.i Roland Pusch Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of TechnologyLuleaSweden

iraq experienced two devastating wars in 1991 and 2003, during which massive amounts of new weapons and sophisticated manufactured nuclear weapons were used called Depleted Uranium (DU). As a consequence of the radioactive contamination;the humans are suffering from various disease like cancer and the environment is polluted. in practice, there is no strategy and/ or national program, not even well thought out plans and scientific personnel and technical equipment required to clean iraq of these wastes. Reviewing the geological, topographical and hydrological data, it had been noticed that Umm Chaimin depression is a good candidate site to dump all contaminated radioactive scrap and soil. The suggested design of the landfill will ensure safe containment of the waste for hundreds of thousands of years even if significant climatic changes will take place.

关键词： iraq Umm Chaimin Depleted Uranium Landfill Site Selection Criteria

Effect of Bearing Capacity on Designing Foundations in iraq Using STAAD Pro-v8i

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第6期6卷 292-303页

作者： Entidhar al-Taie nadhir al-an.a.i Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environment and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Most of iraqi soil is classified as Quaternary deposits, especially in the Mesopotamian plain and tributaries of the River Tigris. Soil varies from north to south of iraq. These differences in soil affected the process to select the suitable type of foundation. This research is to study the effect of bearing capacity on shallow foundations in different regions of iraq. Seventy nine samples were collected from 23 boreholes at three different locations (Mosul at the North, Baghdad at the middle and Basrah at the south of iraq). The samples were collected at varying depth between 1 to 24 m. They were subjected to the following testes: Atterberg limits, sieve and hydrometers, consolidation, direct shear, unconfined compression and the filed (SPT test). The values of the bearing capacity parameters ( and c) were obtained from the above tests. The results obtained were used in the application of the general equation of the bearing capacity. Then, the model of a building was designed (two floors, with mat foundation type) using STAAD Pro software. The average values of bearing capacity in each region were applied in the program (Mosul = 177 KPa, Baghdad = 125 KPa and Basrah = 84 KPa). in addition, the worst bearing capacity values were also used for the three regions (Mosul = 77 KPa, Baghdad = 68 KPa and Basrah = 24 KPa). The results obtained from the average and worst bearing capacity indicated that for Mosul, we could use shallow foundation (spread and mat used if there was basement) for different areas and for buildings with many stories. For Baghdad region, shallow foundation was more suitable for building not higher than five stories. Finally, for Basrah region, shallow foundations were an appropriate selection, but for most areas deep foundation was the right choice.

关键词： Bearing Capacity Soil STAAD Pro. Laboratory Tests and Foundation

Analysis of Remotely Sensed imagery and Architecture Environment for Modelling 3D Detailed Buildings Using Geospatial Techniques

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第5期15卷 328-341页

作者： Hayder Dibs nadhir al-an.a.i Jan Laue Water Resources Management Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Al-Qasim Green University Babylon Iraq Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

The use of three-dimensional maps is more effective than two-dimensional maps in representing the Earth’s surface. However, the traditional methods used to create digital surface models are not efficient for capturing the details of Earth’s features. This is because they represent only three-dimensional objects in a single texture and do not provide a realistic representation of the real world. Additionally, there is a growing demand for up-to-date and accurate geo-information, particularly in urban areas. To address this challenge, a new technique is proposed in this study that involves integrating remote sensing, Geographic information System, and Architecture Environment software to generate a highly-detailed three-dimensional model. The method described in this study includes several steps such as acquiring high-resolution satellite imagery, gathering ground truth data, performing radiometric and geometric corrections during image preprocessing, producing a 2D map of the region of interest, constructing a digital surface model by extending the building outlines, and transforming the model into multi-patch layers to create a 3D model for each object individually. The research findings indicate that the digital surface model obtained with comprehensive information is suitable for different purposes, such as environmental research, urban development and expansion planning, and shape recognition tasks.

关键词： Satellite image SketchUp Environment Digital Surface Model 3D Detailed Buildings

Effect of Material Used in Concrete Mixture on the Foundation Stresses on Soil

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Engineering（科研） 2015年第10期7卷 668-675页

作者： Entidhar al-Taie nadhir al-an.a.i Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environment and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Sustainable design, green architecture and sustainable construction are new methods for design and construction that are employed for environmental and economic challenges. Clay and bricks proved as sustainable building materials. in this paper, crush brick in the concrete mixture instead of normal coarse aggregate will be used. STAAD Prov8i software was applied for the designed of a hypothetical building in different sites of the three locations in iraq (Mosul at the north, Baghdad at the center and Basrah at the south). The input model data used in the software were depending on the field and laboratory tests done for twenty three sites in the three locations of iraq. Concrete properties values were used in the software for concrete mixture with crushed bricks. The results values of base pressure obtained from the software were low for the three locations. The maximum values of base pressure under the foundation for both the average and the minimum bearing capacity values for Mosul region for the normal strength concrete and air-entrained were (94, 84) kPa and (91, 82) kPa respectively, for Baghdad region were (89, 82) kPa and (86, 81) kPa respectively. Finally, for Basrah, the results for the base pressure were (84, 77) kPa and (82, 76) kPa, respectively. The results values of the base pressure were less for all locations compared with the base pressure values obtained from a previous work for the same locations. The use of crushed brick as aggregate in the concrete mixture is economical due to its availability as local material and it is durable materials with low weight.

关键词： Crush Brick Sustainable Material Base Pressure STAAD Prov8i Software Mud

Estimation of road dust using BSNEs

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Natural Science 2013年第5期5卷 567-572页

作者： Qi Jia nadhir al-an.a.i Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of TechnologyLuleaSweden

Mining is a core industry in Sweden and plays an important role in the economic development throughout the country. Though the importance of mining dust has been well recognized, the quantification of dust production with regard to individual source activity has rarely been done in Sweden. Depending on the type of source activity, dust estimation method can be chosen from three alternatives: exposure profiling methods, back calculation method, and wind erosion prediction method. also included in the paper is an example of experiment, which was executed on two unpaved roads in Lulea, Sweden by using exposure profiling method. The experiment concluded that dust emission due to vehicle transportation is strongly dependent on traveling speed and road bed material.

关键词： Road Dust Dust Measurement BSNEs