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impact of Evaluation of Different irrigation Methods with Sensor System on Water Consumptive Use and Water Use Efficiency for Maize Yield

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第11期13卷 835-854页

作者： Thamer Thamer Nadine Nassif Ayad Almaeini nadhir Al-an.a.i Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologie Lebanese University Rafic Hariri-Haddath Lebanon Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences Environment and Natural Resources Department Lebanese University Dekwaneh Beirut Lebanon College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences Baghdad University Baghdad Iraq Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lule University of Technology Lule Sweden

The sensor system is one of the modern and important methods of irrigation management in arid and semi-arid areas, which is water as the limiting factor for crop production. The study was applied for 2016 and 2017 seasons out in Al-Yousifya, 15 km Southwest of Baghdad. A study was conducted to evaluate coefficient uniformity, uniformity distribution and application efficiency for furrow, surface drip and subsurface drip irrigation methods and it was (98, 97 and 89)% and (97, 96 and 88)% for 2016 and 2017 seasons;respectively. And control the volumetric moisture content according to the rhizosphere depth for depths of 10, 20 and 30 cm by means of the sensor system. The results indicated that the height consumptive water use of furrow 707.91 and 689.69 mm·season-1 and the lowest for subsurface drip with emitter deep at 20 cm 313.93 and 293.50 mm·season-1 for 2016 and 2017 seasons;respectively. As well, the highest value of water use efficiency for subsurface in drip irrigation at a depth of 20 cm, was 2.71 and 2.99 kg·m-3 and the lowest value for furrow irrigation was 1.12 and 1.20 kg·m-3 for the 2016 and 2017 seasons;respectively.

关键词： irrigation Methods Application Efficiency Water Consumptive Use Water Use Efficiency Maize

Effect of Material Used in Concrete Mixture on the Foundation Stresses on Soil

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Engineering（科研） 2015年第10期7卷 668-675页

作者： Entidhar Al-Taie nadhir Al-an.a.i Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environment and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Sustainable design, green architecture and sustainable construction are new methods for design and construction that are employed for environmental and economic challenges. Clay and bricks proved as sustainable building materials. in this paper, crush brick in the concrete mixture instead of normal coarse aggregate will be used. STAAD Prov8i software was applied for the designed of a hypothetical building in different sites of the three locations in iraq (Mosul at the north, Baghdad at the center and Basrah at the south). The input model data used in the software were depending on the field and laboratory tests done for twenty three sites in the three locations of iraq. Concrete properties values were used in the software for concrete mixture with crushed bricks. The results values of base pressure obtained from the software were low for the three locations. The maximum values of base pressure under the foundation for both the average and the minimum bearing capacity values for Mosul region for the normal strength concrete and air-entrained were (94, 84) kPa and (91, 82) kPa respectively, for Baghdad region were (89, 82) kPa and (86, 81) kPa respectively. Finally, for Basrah, the results for the base pressure were (84, 77) kPa and (82, 76) kPa, respectively. The results values of the base pressure were less for all locations compared with the base pressure values obtained from a previous work for the same locations. The use of crushed brick as aggregate in the concrete mixture is economical due to its availability as local material and it is durable materials with low weight.

关键词： Crush Brick Sustainable Material Base Pressure STAAD Prov8i Software Mud

Climate Change impacts on Water Resources of Greater Zab River, iraq

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2016年第12期10卷 1384-1402页

作者： Nahlah Abbas Saleh A. Wasimi nadhir Al-an.a.i School of Engineering and Technology Central Queensland University Melbourne 3000 Australia Geotechnical Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea 971 87 Sweden

Assessment of Climate Change impact on Water Resources of Lesser Zab, Kurdistan, iraq Using SWAT Model

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第10期8卷 697-715页

Kurdistan in northern iraq, a semi-arid region, predominantly a pastureland, is nourished by Lesser Zab, which is the second major tributary of Tigris River. The discharge in the tributary, in recent times, has been experiencing increasing variability contributing to more severe droughts and floods supposedly due to climate change. For a proper appreciation, SWAT model has been used to assess the impact of climate change on its hydrological components for a half-centennial lead time to 2046-2064 and a centennial lead time to 2080-2100. The suitability of the model was first evaluated, and then, outputs from six GCMs were incorporated to evaluate the impacts of climate change on water resources under three emission scenarios: A1B, A2 and B1. The results showed worsening water resources regime.

关键词： Climate Change Water Resources Lesser Zab SWAT Model

Electrodeposition and Characterization of Cu(in, Al)Se<sub>2</sub>for Applications in Thin Film Tandem Solar Cells

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2013年第11期4卷 712-717页

作者： Omar Meglali nadhir Attaf Assia Bouraiou Mohamed Salah aida Sciences and Technologies Faculty Ziane Achour University Djelfa Algeria Sciences Faculty Mohamed Boudiaf University M’sila Algeria Thin Films and interfaces Laboratory Department of Physics Mentouri University Constantine Algeria

Cu(in, Al)Se2 thin films were prepared by electrodeposition from the aqueous solution consisting of CuCl2, inCl3, AlCl3 and SeO2 onto iTO coated glass substrates. The as-deposited films were annealed under vacuum for 30 min at temperature ranging between 200°C and 400°C. The structural, composition, morphology, optical band gap and electrical resistivity of elaborated thin films were studied, respectively using x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive analysis of x-ray, scanning electron microscopy, UV spectrophotometer and four-point probe method. The lattice constant and structural parameters viz. crystallite size, dislocation density and strain of the films were also calculated. After vacuum annealing, x-ray diffraction results revealed that all films were polycrystalline in nature and exhibit chalcopyrite structure with (112) as preferred orientation. The film annealed at 350°C showed the coexistence of CiASe and inSe phases. The average crystallite size increases linearly with annealing temperature, reaching a maximum value for 350°C. The films show a direct allowed band gap which increases from 1.59 to 1.78 eV with annealing temperature. We have also found that the electrical resistivity of films is controlled by the carrier concentration rather than by their mobility.

关键词： Electrodeposition Cu(in Al)Se2 Thin Film

Simulate New Near Equatorial Satellite System by a Novel Multi-Fields and Purposes Remote Sensing Goniometer

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Engineering（科研） 2020年第6期12卷 325-346页

作者： Hayder Dibs Shattri Mansor Noordin Ahmadb nadhir Al-an.a.i Hydraulic Structures Department Faculty of Water Resources Engineering Al-Qasim Green University Al-Qasim Iraq Geospatial information Science Research Centre Faculty of Engineering University Putra Malaysia Level 6 Tower Block Selangor Malaysia National Space Agency Malaysia (ANGKASA) Kementerian Sains Teknologi dan Inovasi Pusat Angkasa Negara Lot 2233 Jalan Turi Kg. Sg. Lang Banting Malaysia Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Researchers in the remote sensing field use different types of images from satellite systems and simulator devices, such as goniometers. However, no device can simulate the new generation of optical satellite system called near-equatorial satellite system to perform different kinds of remote sensing applications in equatorial regions. This study proposed a newly invented laboratory and fieldwork goniometer designed to simulate and capture intensity variation and measure the bidirectional spectral reflectance of earth surface. The proposed goniometer is a multi-purpose and multi-field device. it is able to simulate different satellite systems and measure the intensity variation and spectral reflectance of earth’s surface features with freely azimuth and zenith angles of sensors and illumination source in fieldwork and/or laboratory. However, the system of invention is focusing on specific satellite orbital to work with the parameters and properties of NEqO satellite system in order to obtain NEqO system imagery for performing different applications such as geometric correction, relative radiometric normalization and change detection for future work. The significant of this invention is that most of the invented goniometers of remote sensing are able to work just in field or just in laboratory and use, carry just optical sensor or hyperspectral sensor. Specifically, our invention can do all these functions that are not available in existing goniometers. The proposed device offers several advantages, namely, high measurement speed, flexibility, low cost, efficiency, and possible measurement depending on the free zenith/azimuth angles of sensors and illumination sources. The proposed goniometer includes ten parts, and two different sensors (optical and hyperspectral).

关键词： Near-Equatorial Satellite System Remote Sensing Goniometer Low-Cost Goniometer Optical Sensor Hyperspectral Sensor

Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability in Northern Babylon Governorate, iraq

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第12期8卷 883-902页

作者： Qais Al-Madhlom nadhir Al-an.a.i Hussain M. Hussain Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden Department of Geology College of Science Kufa University Najaf Iraq

Groundwater is one of the main resources from the earth, especially for arid or semiarid countries. For this reason, it is very important to keep it unpolluted. Drastic Model is one of the widely used models to detect groundwater vulnerability to the contaminants that are found on ground surface. in this model, it is assumed that the vulnerability of the groundwater is affected by seven hydrological parameters. They are: depth from the surface ground to groundwater, net recharge into the aquifer from the surface, aquifer media, soil media, area topography, impact of vadose zone and aquifer hydraulic conductivity. in this study, the DRASTiC model was applied on the northern part of Babylon governorate in iraq, to predict the vulnerability of Groundwater in that area. The results indicate that the vulnerability is very low to low grade.

关键词： Groundwater Vulnerability Groundwater Sensitivity DRASTiC Model GiS Babylon iraq

利用流体沉积物运动模型计算矿业工程地区较大粒径颗粒物运动的研究

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利用流体沉积物运动模型计算矿业工程地区较大粒径颗粒物运动的研...

Comparison of Potential Environmental impacts on the Production of Gasoline and Kerosene, Al-Daura Refinery, Baghdad, iraq

《环境工程》2018年全国学术年会

作者：黄毅徐翀 nadhir Al-Anasari 青岛农业大学青岛理工大学瑞典吕勒奥工业大学

使用基础流体沉积物模型来模拟沙尘颗粒物在空气介质中的运动。在考虑到当地地形学描述的情况下,该运动模型可以作为计算砂尘颗粒运动情况的模拟工具。当地的岩土颗粒实地特性调查可以证明该模型的现场校准结果较好。

关键词：空气颗粒物污染沙尘传送运动较大粒径颗粒沉积砂尘颗粒运动模型电脑计算程序辅助

来源： cnki会议评论

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第11期8卷 767-776页

作者： Mohammad A. Alan.a.i israa Rahman nadhir Al-an.a.i Sven Knutsson College of Engineering University of Babylon Babylon Iraq Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Oil represents the main energy sources used by mankind. in addition, petroleum products serve as feedstock for several consumer goods, thus playing an important growing role in people’s lives. For this reason there are various software applications designed to do the environmental assessment to see their impact on the environment. Among these is SimaPro software package designed to make a valuable contribution. it is a powerful tool for analyzing the environmental impact of products during their whole life cycle. in this study, it was applied to analyze and evaluate the impacts for Al-Daura refinery for the gasoline and kerosene fuel production. This refinery located in Baghdad, iraq was analyzed. The results of the life cycle assessment (LCA) show that gasoline has a (single score) of the order of 11.1 point for each 1 cubic meter produce from gasoline fuel compared with 4.83 point for each 1 cubic meter produce from kerosene. Global warming, respiratory inorganics and non-renewable energy were the most effective environmental impacts.

关键词： Gasoline Kerosene Al-Daura Refinery Refining Baghdad Simapro7 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)