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Time Optimizing near the Pay Zone

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Engineering（科研） 2017年第10期9卷 848-859页

作者： Ali K. Darwesh Thorkild Maack Rasmussen nadhir Al-an.a.i Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Well control techniques are used in oil and gas drilling operations to control bottom hole pressure and avoid any fluid influx from formation to the well. These techniques are highly important near the pay zone in term of time. Controlling formation fluid pressure and thereby the formations behavior in a predictable fashion will help toward more optimized environmental friendly drilling operation. Time consumed to control the formation fluid pressure will range between few hours to many days. This paper discusses hydrostatic pressure distribution and changes near the pay zone for one oil blocks in Kurdistan, in the northern part of iraq. Obtaining homogeneous increase in some drilling fluid properties will help the engineer to better interpret sampling of the lithological columns and reduce potential hole problems and operation time.

关键词： Fluid Pressure Well Control Drilling Fluid Formation Pay Zone

Stabilization of Clayey Silt Soil Using Small Amounts of Petrit T

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Engineering（科研） 2017年第6期9卷 540-562页

作者： Wathiq Al-Jabban Sven Knutsson Jan Laue nadhir Al-an.a.i Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden Civil Engineering Dept. Collage of Engineer University of Babylon Babylon Iraq

Effects of using small amounts of a Petrit T, a by-product of manufacture sponge iron, to modify clayey silt soil were investigated in this study. Petrit T was added at 2%, 4% and 7% of soil dry weight. A series of unconfined compressive strength tests, consistency limits tests and pH tests were conducted at 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90 days of curing periods to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of treated soil. Results indicated improving in the unconfined compressive strength, stiffness and workability of treated soil directly after treatment and over time. increasing in soil density and decreasing in water content were observed, with increasing Petrit T content and curing time. The pH value was immediately increasing after treatment and then gradually decreased over time. Failure mode gradually changed from plastic to brittle behavior with increasing binder content and curing time. The outcomes of this research show a promising way of using a new by-product binder to stabilize soft soils in various engineering projects in order to reduce the costs which are associated with of excavation and transportation works.

关键词： Stabilization Petrit T industrial By-Product Secant Modulus Workability So-lidification pH Value

influence of Groundwater Hypothetical Salts on Electrical Conductivity Total Dissolved Solids

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第11期8卷 823-830页

作者： S. A. M. Al Dahaan nadhir Al-an.a.i Sven Knutsson Department of Geology Faculty of Science University of Kufa Kufa Iraq Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

A relationship between electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) was tested for solutions of same salinity levels with respect to different artificial salts with their combinations. Results showed remarkable jumping at the order of the artificial salt sequence specially that of the magnesium type. A computer model is designed with an input of EC and TDS. The output will be the possible prevailing artificial salts. The accuracy of the model was tested by using the groundwater data of Safwan-Zubair area south of iraq and it proved to be significant at 95% matching. The 5% unmatched results are due to the possibility of having more than one type of prevailing salt.

关键词： Electrical Conductivity A Computer Model Artificial Salts Groundwater Total Dissolved Solids

Badush Dam: A Unique Case of Flood Wave Retention Dams Uncertain Future and Problematic Geology

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Engineering（科研） 2019年第4期11卷 189-205页

作者： Nasrat Adamo nadhir Al-an.a.i Varoujan Sissakian Jan Laue Sven Knutsson Private Consultant Engineering Norrk&#246 ping Sweden Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden University of Kurdistan Hawler Iraq

Badush Dam is a partially completed dam and a unique case of flood retention dams. its intended main function is to perform flood protection once in its lifetime;that is if Mosul Dam would collapse. in such a case, the Badush dam would temporarily store the whole flood wave and route it safely to the downstream. For this end, the bulk of the reservoir is left dry, while the remaining volume at the lower part which is intended for power generation does not give an economic justification for building the full height of the dam. The short duration of the intended use as a protection dam has led to relaxing many design assumptions which have raised concerns over the dam integrity. The current controversy rages now over whether to continue the construction of the dam as it was first designed or to change all that in view of the similar site geology of Mosul Dam. Mosul dam foundations suffer at the moment from the severe continuous dissolution of the soluble materials in its foundation leading to continued maintenance grouting of that foundation. This paper gives an overview of the history of Badush dam, its current design and what new requirements which are needed if it is to replace Mosul Dam itself.

关键词： Badush Dam Mosul Dam Flood Retention Dam Dry Dam Foundation Treatment

A GiS-Based Drastic Model for Assessing Aquifer Vulnerability in Amman-Zerqa Groundwater Basin, Jordan

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第5期5卷 490-504页

作者： Abdulla MAl-Rawabdeh nadhir AAl-an.a.i Ahmed AAl-Taani Sven Knutsson Department of Geomatics Engineering University of CalgaryAlbertaCanada Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources and EngineeringLulea University of TechnologyLuleaSweden UNESCO Chair for Desert Studies and Desertification Control Yarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan

Amman-Zerqa Basin (AZB) is a major basin in Jordan. The concentration of economic, agricultural and social activities within the basin makes it of prime importance to Jordan. intensive agricultural practices are widespread and located close to groundwater wells, which pose imminent threats to these resources. Groundwater contamination is of particular concern as groundwater resources are the principal source of water for irrigation, drinking and industrial activities. A DRASTiC model integrated with GiS tool has been used to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability of AZB. The Drastic index map showed that only 1.2% of the basin’s total area of 3792 km2 lies in the no vulnerable zone and about 69% is classified as having low pollution potential. The results also revealed that about 30% of the catchment area is moderately susceptible to pollution potential and slightly 1% is potentially under high pollution risk. These results suggest that almost one third of the AZB is at moderate risk of pollution potential. These areas are mainly in the north-east and central parts of the basin where the physical factors (gentle slope and high water table) would allow more contaminants to easily move into the shallow groundwater aquifer. Areas with high vulnerability to pollution are largely located in the center of Amman old city.

关键词： Amman-Zerqa Basin Jordan GiS DRASTiC

Water Demand Management in Jordan

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第1期6卷 19-26页

作者： nadhir Al-an.a.i N. Alibrahiem M. Alsaman Sven Knutsson Al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Lulea University Lulea Sweden

Jordan is located in the Middle East in the eastern Mediterranean. it has a surface area of approximately 90,000 km2 and its population reaches 6.3 million. Jordan is the fourth driest countries in the World and water demand exceeds Jordan’s available water resources. Annual per capita water availability has declined from 3600 m3/year in 1946 to 145 m3/year today. it is estimated that the population will continue to grow from about 5.87 million in 2008 to over 7.80 million by 2022. Total projected water demand will be 1673 million cubic meters by 2022. Fifteen-year complete records for water consumption were studied to see the supply and demand variation with time. it had been noticed that water demand management will address the actual needs for water. This management program will ensure further reduction in water use, reduce water loses through the distribution supply net, prevent pollution. in addition, it will help minimize water disposal in nature, make efficient use of available water resources, plan for future new water resources prudently and finally impose a real cost for water supply that would be acceptable. in addition to the above, public awareness program is to be put in action. Such a program should be used in schools as well as the media. The public is to be aware of the problem and how they can assist with overcoming the water shortage crisis.

关键词： Water Management Water Demand Management Water Scarcity Jordan

Future Prospects for Macro Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) Technique in North East iraq

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第5期6卷 403-420页

作者： nadhir Al-an.a.i Mawada Abdellatif Saleh Zakaria Yaseen T. Mustafa Sven Knutsson Department of Dams & Water Resources Eng. University of Mosul Mosul Iraq Liverpool JM University Liverpool UK Lulea University Lulea Sweden University of Zakho Duhok Iraq

Countries in Middle East and North Africa (MENA region) are considered as arid and semi-arid areas that are suffering from water scarcity. They are expected to have more water shortages problem due to climatic change. iraq is located in the Middle East covering an area of 433,970 square kilometers populated by 31 million inhabitants. One of the solutions suggested to overcome water scarcity is Rainwater Harvesting (RWH). in this study Macro rainwater harvesting technique had been tested for future rainfall data that were predicted by two emission scenarios of climatic change (A2 and B2) for the period 2020-2099 at Sulaimaniyah Governorate north east of iraq. Future volumes of total runoff that might be harvested for different conditions of maximum, average, and minimum future rainfall seasons under both scenarios (A2 and B2) were calculated. The results indicate that the volumes of average harvested runoff will be reduced when average rainfall seasons are considered due to the effect of climatic change on future rainfall. The reduction reached 10.82 % and 43.0% when scenarios A2 and B2 are considered respectively.

关键词： Rainwater Harvesting Sulaimaniyah iraq

The impacts of Sea Level Rise on Basrah City, iraq

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Open Journal of Geology 2020年第12期10卷 1189-1197页

作者： Nahlah Abbas Sultana Nasrin nadhir Al-an.a.i Sabah H. Ali Central Queensland University Melbourne Australia RMiT Melbourne Australia Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden Remote Sensing Center University of Mosul Mosul Iraq

Sea Level Rise (SLR) above the Mean Sea Level (MSL) is more likely to cause a significant risk to the coastal regions. This research explores the potential impact of sea level rise, due to climate change, on coastal areas. it examines the impact of sea level rise on Basrah city and adjacent cities in iraq. A digital elevation model (DEM) was used to create a model of Potentially inundated Areas, manipulated and processed in Geographical information System version 10.7 (ArcGiS 10.7). Through this model, the impact of sea level rise was assessed on the surface area. After the susceptible areas were delineated, it was estimated that at worst case scenario of 5 m sea level rise will impact Basrah city by losing 38 percent of its total surface area.

关键词： Climate Change Sea Level Rise Arab Gulf iraq

Modeling Landfill Suitability Based on GiS and Multicriteria Decision Analysis: Case Study in Al-Mahaweelqadaa

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Natural Science 2014年第11期6卷 828-851页

作者： Mohammad Ali Alan.a.i nadhir Al-an.a.i Hadeel Kareem Jasim Sven Knutsson Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden University of Babylon Babylon Iraq

Waste management system is not regulated in iraq. At present, there are various techniques used for solid waste management such as landfill, thermal treatment, biological treatment, recycling etc. Landfill is the most common mode for the disposal of solid waste. However, landfill site selection is a quite complex process and it depends on several criteria and regulations. in this study landfill site selection is performed for Al-Mahaweelqadaa using Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographic information System (GiS). it should be mentioned however, that the existing landfill in this area, is temporary and does not fulfill the environmental conditions. To select suitable landfill site, several criteria were considered such as Urban centers, Land use, airports, Pipes, Power lines, Railways, Roads, slope, streams, Surface water, industrial areas, Oil pipes, Liquid gas pipes, Soil types which are prepared. (MCDA) was used to evaluate the relative importance of each criterion. Each map layers were formed with the aid of GiS and final suitability map was created by overlay analyses of each criterion map. According to obtained results, high and low suitable areas were determined in the study area. Field and office checks were performed out to determine the accuracy and suitability of the candidate sites.

关键词： Multicriteria Decision Analysis Geographic information System iraq Al-Mahaweel