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Combining spawn egg counts,individual photo-ID and genetic fingerprinting to estimate the population size and sex ratio of an endangered amphibian

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第2期16卷 240-254页

作者： Marina REYNE Sarah HELYAR Aurélie AUBRY Mark EMMERSON Ferdia MARNELL neil REID School of Biological Sciences Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Institute of Global Food Security(IGFS) Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Agri-Food&Biosciences Institute(AFBI) HillsboroughUK National Parks&Wildlife Service(NPWS) DublinIreland

According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List,41%of the world’s amphibian species are threatened with extinction,making them more threatened than any other vertebrate group *** the global amphibian crisis,comprehensive understanding of demographics and population trends of declining and threatened species is essential for effective management and conservation *** egg spawns is widely used to assess population abundance in pond breeding ***,it is unknown how such counts translate into robust population size *** monitored the breeding activity of the Natterjack toad(Epidalea calamita),combining egg string counts and individual photo-identification with Capture-Mark-Recapture population size and operational sex ratio *** Natterjack toads were identified by the pattern of natural markings with repeated ID of the same individual confirmed for 10%of the samples using genetic *** identified 647 unique individuals within a closed study population at Caherdaniel,Co *** estimates derived from egg string counts estimated a breeding population of 368 females(95%CI 353–384)and Capture-Mark-Recapture estimated a breeding population of 1698 males(95%CI 1000–2397).The female:male sex ratio was conservatively estimated at 1:5(95%CI 1:3–1:6)where 62%±6%of females were assumed to *** substantially departed from any priori assumption of 1:1 which could have underestimated the breeding population by up to 72%.Where amphibian absolute population size estimation is necessary,methods should include empirical survey data on operational sex ratios and not rely on assumptions or those derived from the literature which may be highly population and/or context-dependent.

关键词： Epidalea calamita genetic fingerprinting Mark-Recapture Natterjack toad photo-identification

Assessment of positioning performances in Italy from GPS, BDS and GLONASS constellations

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2018年第6期9卷 439-448页

作者： Ambrogio Maria Manzino Paolo Dabove neil Gogoi Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy

The use of multiple GNSS constellations has been beneficiary to positioning performances and reliability in recent times, especially in low cost mass-market setups. Along with GPS and GLONASS, GALILEO and BDS are the other two constellations aiming for global coverage. With ample research demonstrating the benefits of GALILEO in the European region, there has been a lack of study to demonstrate the performance of BDS in Europe, especially with mass-market GNSS receivers. This study makes a comparison of the performances between the combined GPS-GLONASS and GPS-BDS constellations in Europe with such receivers. Static open sky and kinematic urban environment tests are performed with two GNSS receivers as master and rover at short baselines and the RTK and double differenced post processed solutions are analyzed. The pros and cons of both the constellation choices is demonstrated in terms of fixed solution accuracies, percentage of false fixes, time to first fix for RTK and float solution accuracies for post processed measurements. Centimeter level accuracy is achieved in both constellations for static positioning with GPS-BDS combination having a slightly better performance in comparable conditions and smaller intervals. GPS-GLONASS performed slightly better for longer intervals due to the current inconsistent availability of BDS satellites. Even if the static tests have shown a better performance of GPS-BDS combination, the kinematic results show that there are no significant differences between the two tested configurations.

关键词： GNSS BDS GLONASS NRTK positioning Accuracy

Antibiotic prophylaxis in variceal hemorrhage:Timing,effectiveness and Clostridium difficile rates

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第42期16卷 5317-5323页

作者： Matthew RL Brown Graeme Jones Kathryn L Nash Mark Wright Indra neil Guha National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre Biomedical Research Unit Nottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustE Level West BlockQueens Medical Centre CampusDerby RoadNottinghamNG7 2UHUnited kingdom Department of Microbiology Southampton University Hospital TrustLevel BSouthampton General HospitalSouthamptonS016 6YDUnited Kingdom Liver Unit Southampton University Hospital TrustLevel FSouthampton General HospitalSouthamptonSO16 6YDUnited Kingdom

AIM:To investigate if antibiotics administered within 8 h of endoscopy reduce mortality or increase the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection(CDI).METHODS:A 2-year retrospective analysis of all patients who presented with first variceal hemorrhage was *** primary outcome measure was 28-d *** outcome measures were 28-d rebleeding rates and 28-d incidence of *** patients were admitted to a tertiary liver unit with a consultantled,24-h endoscopy *** received standard care including terlipressin *** collection included:primary and secondary outcome measures,timing of first administration of intravenous antibiotics,eti-ology of liver disease,demographics,endoscopy details and complications.A prospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence of CDI in the study population and general medical inpatients admitted for antibiotic therapy of at least 5 d *** analysis was undertaken using univariate,non-parametric tests and multivariate logistic regression ***:There were 70 first presentations of variceal hemorrhage during the study *** percent of cases were male and 65.7% were due to chronic alcoholic liver *** total,64/70(91.4%) patients received antibiotics as prophylaxis during their ***,53/70(75.7%) received antibiotics either before endoscopy or within 8 h of endoscopy [peri-endoscopy(8 h) group],whereas 17/70(24.3%) received antibiotics at > 8 h after endoscopy or not at all(non peri-endoscopy group).Overall mortality and rebleeding rates were 13/70(18.6%) and 14/70(20%),*** periendoscopy(8 h) group was significantly less likely to die compared with the non peri-endoscopy group [13.2% vs 35.3%,P = 0.04,odds ratio(OR) = 0.28(0.078-0.997)] and showed a trend towards reduced rebleeding [17.0% vs 29.4%,P = 0.27,OR = 0.49(0.14-1.74)].On univariate analysis,the non peri-endoscopy group [P = 0.02,OR = 3.58(1.00-12.81)],higher mode

关键词： Variceal hemorrhage Mortality Antibiotics Prophylaxis Clostridium difficile

Recent progress in hydrocarbon biofuel synthesis:Pathways and enzymes

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第4期26卷 431-434页

作者： Feng-Ming Lin E.neil G.Marsh Xiaoxia Nina Lin State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast University Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Department of Biological Chemistry University of Michigan

Biofuels derived from hydrocarbon biosynthetic pathways have attracted increasing attention. Routes to hydrocarbon biofuels are emerging and mainly fall into two categories based on the metabolic pathways utilized： Fatty acid pathway-based alkanes/alkenes and isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway based terpenes. The primary focus of this review is on recent progress in the application of hydrocarbon biosynthetic pathways for hydrocarbon biofuel production, together with studies on enzymes, including efforts to engineering them for improved performance.

关键词： BiofuelFatty acid biosynthesis pathwaylsoprenoid biosynthesis pathwayMetabolic engineering

Strong link between large tropical volcanic eruptions and severe droughts prior to monsoon in the central Himalayas revealed by tree-ring records

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Science Bulletin 2019年第14期64卷 1018-1023页

作者： Eryuan Liang Binod Dawadi neil Pederson Shilong Piao Haifeng Zhu Shalik Ram Sigdel Deliang Chen Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Central Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham MA 01366 USA College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 40530 Sweden

Large tropical volcanic eruptions can cause short-term global cooling. However, little is known whether large tropical volcanic eruptions, like the one in Tambora/Indonesia in 1815, cause regional hydroclimatic anomalies. Using a tree-ring network of precisely dated Himalayan birch in the central Himalayas, we reconstructed variations in the regional pre-monsoon precipitation back to 1650 CE. A superposed epoch analysis indicates that the pre-monsoon regional droughts are associated with large tropical volcanic eruptions, appearing to have a strong influence on hydroclimatic conditions in the central Himalayas. In fact, the most severe drought since 1650 CE occurred after the Tambora eruption. These results suggest that dry conditions prior to monsoon in the central Himalayas were associated with explosive tropical volcanism. Prolonged La Ni?a events also correspond with persistent pre-monsoon droughts in the central Himalayas. Our results provide evidence that large tropical volcanic eruptions most likely induced severe droughts prior to monsoon in the central Himalayas.

关键词： Tree ring Drought Tropical volcanic eruptions Central Himalayas

The role of ultrasonic bat detectors in improving inventory and monitoring surveys in Vietnamese karst bat assemblages

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Current Zoology 2009年第5期55卷 327-341页

作者： neil M.FUREY Iain J.MACKIE Paul A.RACEY School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen

Bats account for 30% of mammal diversity in SE Asia and are potential bioindicators of wider biodiversity impacts resulting from habitat loss and climate change. As existing sampling techniques in the region typically fail to record bats that habitually fly in open areas and at higher altitudes, current inventory efforts are less than comprehensive. Acoustic sampling with bat detectors may help to overcome these limitations for insectivorous bats, but has yet to be tested in mainland SE Asia. To do so, we sampled bats while simultaneously recording the echolocation calls of insectivorous species commuting and foraging in a variety of karst habitats in north Vietnam. Monitoring of cave-dwelling bats was also undertaken. Discriminant function analysis of 367 echolocation calls produced by 30 insectivorous species showed that acoustic identification was feasible by correctly classifying 89. 1% of calls. In all habitats, acoustic sampling and capture methods recorded significantly more species each night than capture methods alone. Capture methods consequently failed to record 29% （ten spp. of aerial insectivores） of the bat fauna in commuting and foraging habitats and 11% （two spp. ） of that in our cave sample. Only four of these species were subsequently captured following significantly greater sampling effort. This strongly suggests that acoustic methods are indispensable for maximizing bat inventory completeness in SE Asia. As accurate inventories and monitoring are essential for effective species conservation, we recommend the inclusion of acoustic sampling in future studies of bat assemblages across the region [ Current Zoology 55 （5）： 327 - 341, 2009].

关键词： Bats Echolocation Inventory completeness Karst Vietnam

Physical activity,physical fitness,diet and the health in young people

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2012年第3期1卷 129-130页

作者： neil Armstrong Sulin Cheng J.Larry Durstine Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre University of Exeter Department of Health Sciences University of Jyvaskyld Department of Exercise Science The University of South Carolina

The beneficial effects of appropriate physical activity(PA), physical fitness,and diet during adult life are well-documented but the potential of appropriate PA,physical fitness,and diet to confer benefits on health and well-being during childhood and adolescence has not been explored *** the value of critical reviews of the extant literature in providing a foundation for future research,the Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS) has commissioned two Special Issues

关键词： fitness childhood young extant providing confer de

Children’s physical activity and health—Chronic disease in children and young adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2013年第1期2卷 1-2页

作者： J.Larry Durstine neil Armstrong Sulin Cheng Department of Exercise Science The University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre University of ExeterExeter EX4 4QJUK Department of Health Sciences University of JyvskyFIN-40014 JyvskylFinland

The previous Special Issue was devoted to physical activity (PA),physical fitness,diet,and health in young *** content of this second Special Issue will focus on PA and chronic disease in children and young adults. The first paper written by Durstine et *** the problem of chronic diseases becoming a public health concern worldwide with estimates of trillions of dollais in annual health care costs and causing more than 36 million deaths a year.

关键词：慢性疾病年轻人儿童健康身体 PA

Acid-insoluble ash is a better indigestible marker than chromic oxide to measure apparent total tract digestibility in pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 64-71页

作者： Susanto Prawirodigdo neil J.Gannon Brian J.Leury Frank R.Dunshea Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Central Java SemarangCentral Java50552Indonesia Biomin Singapore PO Box 2419ToowoombaQLD4350Australia Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUnited Kingdom

The aim of this study was to determine the apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of nutrients in cottonseed meal(CSM)and soybean meal(SBM)in simple carbohydrate and more complex wheat-based diets using 2 indigestible markers and total faecal ***-five Large White×Landrace boars(57.8 kg)were randomly allocated to either a pure wheat diet,40%CSM or SBM in either a sugar-starch-(1∶1)or wheat-based diet for 18 ***-insoluble ash(AIA)and chromic oxide(Cr2O3)were included in all diets as indigestible *** were offered(1,800 g/d per pig)in 3 meals/d from d 1 to 11 and 8 meals/d from d 12 to *** d 9,the pigs were moved to individual metabolism cages to allow total faecal *** d 18,the pigs were fed hourly for 8 *** the 8th meal,pigs were anaesthetized and digesta sampled from the terminal ileum and rectum before lethal *** were no differences between ATTD of nitrogen(N)determined using AIA as a marker and measured by total faecal *** the other hand,the ATrD of N of diets containing CSM in sugar-starch-or wheat-based diets and the pure wheat diet determined using Cr2O3 as a marker was less(-3.11%,-4.46%and-6.59%;P

关键词： Organic matter Pig Wheat Cottonseed meal Soybean meal Digestibility Nitrogen