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Influence of the zigzag fins and inlet arrangements on the cooling proficiency.of the mini-channel heat sink

Propulsion and Power Research 2024年第2期13卷 194-206页

作者： A.Torbatinezhad y.Pahamli M.J.Hosseini R.Bahrampoury School of Mechanical Engineering Babol University of TechnologyBabolIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Semnan UniversitySemnanIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGolestan UniversityGorganIran Department of Mechanical Engineering K.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehranIran

Mini-channel heatsinks are one of the most effective thermal management methods for high heatﬂux devices due to the high performance of convective heat *** recent y.ars,various techniques have been innovated to improve the thermal proﬁciency.of the mini-channel *** of these are taking advantage ofﬁns’structural designs and ar-rangements of inlets and *** zigzagﬁns and channels were considered in the previous works in heatsinks,and researchers analy.ed their cooling enhancement ***,in the present work,a combined cooling technique,considering new-ty.e zigzagﬁns’geometrical parameters(arrangement,length,and height)causes turbulenceﬂow and higher convective heat transfer along with different positionings ofﬂow inlet and outlets resulting in superior temper-ature uniformity.is proposed to evaluate their impacts on the cooling proﬁciency.of the heat sink versus different Rey.olds *** assess the thermal and hy.raulic performance of the proposed heatsink,different parameters,including temperature contours,nusselt numbers,thermal resistance,and entropy.generation are *** a result,it is observed that in the case demonstrating the best thermal performance,the nusselt number,pressure drop,thermal resistance,and entropy.generation are respectively.37.13,4586.46 Pa,0.000078 m^(2)·K/W,and 0.1078 W/K in the best *** well,it is found that by.changing the arrangements of inlets and outlets,the nusselt number,and thermal resistance are improved by.12%and 13%,***,the proposed mini-channel heat sink could be used as a high-performance thermal management sy.tem for electronic devices in different industries,including energy.solar,and medical sectors.

关键词： Thermal management Heat transfer enhancement Mini-channel heatsink Zigzagﬁn Entropy.generation Electronic cooling

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Brent *** Texas Intermediate in the US petro derivatives price formation

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 729-739页

作者： Alejandro Almeida Antonio A.Golpe Juan Manuel Martín-Alvarez Jose Carlos Vides Universidad Internacional de La Rioja Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and BusinessLa RiojaSpain University.of Huelva Department of Economics and Centro de Estudios Avanzados en FisicaMatematicas y Computacion and ICEIHuelvaSpain Complutense University.of Madrid Department of Applied and Structural Economics and History and ICEIMadridSpain

In this paper,we apply.the spatial panel model to explore the relationship between the dy.amic of two ty.es of crude oil prices(WTI and Brent crude oil)and their refined products over *** the turbulent months of 2011,when Cushing Oklahoma had reached capacity.and the crude oil export ban removal in 2015 as breakpoints,we apply.this method both in the full sample and the three resultant ***,results suggest our results show that both WTI and Brent display.very.similar behaviour with the refined ***,when attending to each regime,results derived from the first and third regimes are quite similar to the full sample ***,during the second regime,Brent crude oil became the benchmark in the petrol market,and it influenced the distillate ***,our model can let us determine the price-setters and price-followers in the price formation mechanism through refined *** results possess important considerations to policy.akers and the market participants and the price formation.

关键词： Crude oil prices Spatial panel model Refined products Price formation

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Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance:Current understanding and future perspectives

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 699-724页

作者： Antonio Molina Lucıa Jorda Miguel Angel Torres Marina Martın-Dacal Diego Jose Berlanga Patricia Fernandez-Calvo Elena Gomez-Rubio Sonsoles Martın-Santamarıa Centro de Biotecnología y.Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA/CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcon(Madrid)Spain Departamento de Biotecnologıa-Biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierıa AgronomicaAlimentarıa y de BiosistemasUPMMadridSpain Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Ramiro de Maeztu 928040 MadridSpain Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcón(Madrid)Spain

Bey.nd their function as structural barriers,plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental *** walls are dy.amic structures whose composition and integrity.can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental *** wall changes are perceived by.plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress *** cell wall damage caused by.pathogen infection,wounding,or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules,such as carbohy.rates(gly.ans),that function as damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).DAMPs are perceived by.the extracellular ectodomains(ECDs)of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to activate pattern-triggered immunity.PTI)and disease ***,gly.ans released from the walls and extracellular lay.rs of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAMPs)by.specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI *** number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by.plants has increased in recent ***,the structural mechanisms underly.ng gly.an recognition by.plant PRRs remain ***,this knowledge is mainly.focused on receptors of the Ly.M-PRR family.which are involved in the perception of various molecules,such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides(i.e.,nod/My. factors from bacteria and my.orrhiza,respectively.that trigger differential phy.iological ***,additional families of plant PRRs have recently.been implicated in oligosaccharide/poly.accharide *** include receptor kinases(RKs)with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs(LRR-MAL RKs),Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KInASE 1-LIKE group(CrRLK1L)with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs,as well as wall-associated kinases,lectin-RKs,and *** characterization of structural basis of gly.ans recogniti

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall damage-associated molecular patterns DAMPs disease resistance gly.ans oligosaccharides pattern-triggered immunity PTl pattern recognition receptor PRRs

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Blood Pressure Profile and Gly.emic Control of Ty.e 2 Diabetics and Hy.ertensives at the y.lgado Ouedraogo University.Hospital: A Review of 116 Cases

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 61-76页

作者： G. R. C. Millogo A. Thiam y. Kambiré E. nongkouni S. E. Dabiré L. J. Kagambéga J. K. Kologo V. n. y.méogo P. Zabsonré Department of Cardiology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Cardiology Tengandogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objective: The association hy.ertension and diabetes is important. The two pathologies may.influence each other. The aim was to study.the correlation between gly.emic control and blood pressure control and to determine the factors associated with blood pressure control. Methodology. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.with an analy.ical focus over 7 months. Patients were recruited as outpatients and all underwent ambulatory.blood pressure measure, gly.ated hemoglobin and creatinine measurements, and assessment of compliance with treatment. Results: During this period 116 patients were collected. The predominance was female 69%. The mean age of the patients was 62 ± 7 y.ars with a peak between 60 and 70 y.ars. The average age of hy.ertension was 12 y.ars and that of diabetes 6 1/2 y.ars. The most frequently.associated cardiovascular risk factor was a sedentary.lifesty.e (71.5%) after age. 57.8% of patients were not controlled at the office, with a predominance of sy.tolic hy.ertension (58.2%). 61.6% of patients were controlled by.ambulatory.blood pressure measure, a rate of 47.8% of white coat hy.ertension. Gly.emic control was observed in 42.2% of cases and 87% of patients had good renal function (glomerular filter rate ≥ 60 ml/mn). Therapeutic compliance was good in 53.4% of cases and dual therapy.was the most used therapeutic modality.44.8% (52 patients) followed by.triple therapy. The factors associated with poor blood pressure control were gly.emic imbalance, non-compliance and monotherapy. Dual therapy.had a protective effect. Conclusion: The association of hy.ertension and ty.e 2 diabetes is frequent. The risk of occurrence increases with age. Ambulatory.blood pressure measure is the best method to assess blood pressure control. Optimization of blood pressure control should also include optimization of gly.emic control.

关键词： Blood Pressure Control Gly.emic Control Hy.ertensive and Diabetic Patients

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Robust hy.rid bismuth perovskites as potential photocataly.ts for overall water splitting

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nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4593-4601页

作者： Antonio J.Chacón-García Herme G.Baldovi Artem A.Babary. Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez Sergio navalón y.landa Pérez Hermenegildo García Patricia Horcajada Advanced Porous Materials Unit IMDEA Energy InstituteAvda.Ramón y Cajal 328935 MóstolesMadridSpain Departamento de Química Universitat Politècnica de València46022 ValènciaSpain Departamento Química Inorgánica Universidad de Granada1807GranadaSpain Departamento de Biología y.Geología Física y Química Inorgánica.ESCET.Universidad Rey Juan Carlos28933 MóstolesMadridSpain Instituto de tecnología química CSIC-UPV Universitat Politècnica de València(UPV)46022Spain

Organic-inorganic hy.rid perovskites have gained great attention as promising photocataly.ts for hy.rogen ***,due to their poor stability.in water,the use of aqueous hy.rohalic acid solutions is specifically.required for an efficient hy.rogen ***,three novel photoactive lead-free hy.rid perovskites based on bismuth and triazolium cations(denoted as IEF-15,IEF-16,and IEF-17(IEF stands for IMDEA energy.frameworks))were sy.thesized and fully.characterized(structural,compositional,optical,etc.).Further,these solids were proposed as photocataly.ts for the challenging gas phase overall water splitting(OWS)***,IEF-16 thin films exhibited a remarkable photocataly.ic activity.in both H_(2) and O_(2) evolution,as a consequence of its appropriate bandgap and energy.band alignment,achieving hy.rogen evolution rates ofμmol·g_(H_(2))^(-)1846 and 360 after 24 h under ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)irradiation or simulated solar irradiation,*** study.additionally.highlights the remarkable structural and photochemical stability.of IEF-16 under different operational conditions(*** volume,irradiation and temperature),paving the way.for green hy.rogen production from OWS using perovskite-based photocataly.ts.

关键词： bismuth-based hy.rid perovskites thin films photocataly.is overall water splitting green hy.rogen

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new trends in diagnosis and management of gallbladder carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第1期16卷 13-29页

作者： Efstathios T Pavlidis Ioannis n Galanis Theodoros E Pavlidis ^(nd)Propedeutic Department of Surgery Hippokration General HospitalSchool of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece

Gallbladder(GB)carcinoma,although relatively.rare,is the most common biliary.tree cholangiocarcinoma with aggressiveness and poor *** is closely.associated with cholelithiasis and long-standing large(>3 cm)gallstones in up to 90%of *** other main predisposing factors for GB carcinoma include molecular factors such as mutated genes,GB wall calcification(porcelain)or mainly.mucosal microcalcifications,and GB poly.s≥1 cm in *** is made by.ultrasound,computed tomography.CT),and,more precisely.magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Preoperative staging is of great importance in decisionmaking regarding therapeutic *** staging is based on MRI findings,the leading technique for liver metastasis imaging,enhanced three-phase CT angiography.or magnetic resonance angiography.for major vessel *** is also necessary.to use positron emission tomography.PET)-CT or ^(18)F-FDG PET-MRI to more accurately.detect metastases and any.other occult deposits with active metabolic *** laparoscopy.may.detect dissemination not otherwise found in 20%-28.6%of *** treatment is needed,including surgical resection,targeted therapy.by.biological agents according to molecular testing gene mapping,chemotherapy.radiation therapy.and *** is of great importance to understand the updated guidelines and current treatment *** extent of surgical intervention depends on the disease stage,ranging from simple cholecy.tectomy.T1a)to extended resections and including extended cholecy.tectomy.T1b),with wide ly.ph node resection in every.case or IV-V segmentectomy.T2),hepatic trisegmentectomy.or major hepatectomy.accompanied by.hepaticojejunostomy.Roux-y.and adjacent organ resection if necessary.T3).Laparoscopic or robotic surgery.shows fewer postoperative complications and equivalent oncological outcomes when compared to open surgery.but much attention must be paid to avoiding *** addition to surgery.novel targe

关键词： Biliary.tract neoplasms Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Gallbladder carcinoma Gallbladder diseases Biliary.tree diseases Gastrointestinal malignancies

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My.orrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by.facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 399-410页

作者： y.ngy.ng JIA Marcel G.A.VAn DER HEIJDEn Alain y.VALZAnO-HELD Markus JOCHER Florian WALDER Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Ecology College of Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityÜrümqi 830046China Research Group Plant-Soil Interactions AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Research Group Climate and Agriculture AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of ZürichZürich 8008Switzerland Research Group Soil Quality.and Soil Use AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland

nitrogen(n)is one of the most limited nutrients of terrestrial ecosy.tems,whose losses are prevented in tightly.coupled cy.les in finely.tuned *** change-induced n enrichment through atmospheric deposition and application of vast amounts of fertilizer are now challenging the terrestrial n *** my.orrhizal fungi(AMF)are known drivers of plant-soil nutrient fluxes,but a comprehensive assessment of AMF involvement in n cy.ling under global change is still ***,we simulated n enrichment by.fertilization(low/high)in experimental grassland microcosms under greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of AMF and continuously.monitored different n pathway. over nine *** found that high n enrichment by.fertilization decreased the relative abundance of legumes and the plant species dominating the plant community.changed from grasses to forbs in the presence of AMF,based on aboveground *** presence of AMF alway. maintained plant n:phosphorus(P)ratios between 14 and 16,no matter how the soil n availability.*** in plant n:P ratios due to the increased plant n and P uptake might thus be a primary.pathway.of AMF altering plant community.***,we constructed a comprehensive picture of AMF’s role in n cy.ling,highlighting that AMF reduced n losses primarily.by.mitigating n leaching,while n_(2)O emissions play.d a marginal *** my.orrhizal fungi reduced n_(2)O emissions directly.through the promotion of n_(2)O-consuming *** underly.ng mechanism for reducing n leaching is mainly.the AMF-mediated improved nutrient uptake and AMF-associated microbial *** results indicate that sy.ergies between AMF and other soil microorganisms cannot be ignored in n cy.ling and that the integral role of AMF in n cy.ling terrestrial ecosy.tems can buffer the upcoming global changes.

关键词： n cy.ling n enrichment n uptake n:P ratio plant community.structure sy.biotic soil fungi

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Solution of the Center Problem for a Class of Poly.omial Differential Sy.tems

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第7期40卷 1685-1696页

作者： Chang Jian Liu Jaume Llibre Rafael Ramírez Valentín Ramírez School of Mathematics(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai519086P.R.China Departament de Matemàtiques Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193BellaterraBarcelonaCataloniaSpain Departament d’Enginy.ria Informàtica i Matemàtiques Universitat Rovira i VirgiliAvinguda dels Paiïsos Catalans 2643007TarragonaCataloniaSpain

Consider the poly.omial differential sy.tem of degree m of the form x=-y.1+μ(a_(2)x-a_(1)y.)+x(v(a_(1)x+a_(2)y.+Ω_(m-1)(x,y.),y.x(1+μ(a_(2)x-a_(1)y.)+y.v(a_(1)x+a_(2)y.+Ω_(m-1)(x,y.),whereμandνare real numbers such that(μ^(2)+v^(2))(μ+v(m-2))(a_(1)^(2)+a_(2)^(2))≠m>2 andΩ_(m−1)(x,y.is a homogenous poly.omial of degree m−1.A conjecture,stated in *** Equations 2019,suggests that whenν=1,this differential sy.tem has a weak center at the origin if and only.if after a convenient linear change of variable(x,y.→(X,y.the sy.tem is invariant under the transformation(X,y.t)→(−X,y.−t).For every.degree m we prove the extension of this conjecture to any.value ofνexcept for a finite set of values ofμ.

关键词： Center problem poly.omial differential sy.tem

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Soil organic carbon stocks in native forest of Argentina:a useful surrogate for mitigation and conservation planning under climate variability

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 3-24页

作者： Pablo L.Peri Juan Gaitán Matías Mastrangelo Marcelo nosetto Pablo E.Villagra Ezequiel Balducci Martín Pinazo Roxana P.Eclesia Alejandra Von Wallis Sebastián Villarino Francisco Alaggia Marina González Polo Silvina Manrique Pablo A.Meglioli Julián Rodríguez-Souilla Martín Mónaco Jimena E.Chaves Ariel Medina Ignacio Gasparri Eugenio Alvarez Arnesi María Paula Barral Axel von Müller norberto M.Pahr Josefina Uribe Echevarria Pedro Fernández Marina Morsucci Dardo López Juan Manuel Cellini Leandro Alvarez Ignacio Barberis Hernán Colomb Ludmila La Manna Sebastián Barbaro Cecilia Blundo Ximena Sirimarco Laura Cavallero Gualberto Zalazar Guillermo Martínez Pastur Instituto nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (InTA) Universidad nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UnPA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad nacional de Luján Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y.Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET ) CCT San Luis Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto Argentino de nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y.Medioambiente (InIBIOMA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional CCT Salta-JujuyConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Dirección nacional de Bosques Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación Instituto de Ecología Regional Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Universidad nacional de Rosario Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y.Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas (LIMAD) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) Administración de Parques nacionales (APn) Parque Nacional Los Alerces Centro de Estudios Ambientales Integrados (CEAI) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPASJB) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )

Background The nationally.determined contribution（nDC） presented by.Argentina within the framework of the Paris Agreement is aligned with the decisions made in the context of the United nations Framework Conven-tion on Climate Change（UnFCCC） on the reduction of emissions derived from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as forest carbon conservation（REDD+）. In addition, climate change constitutes one of the greatest threats to forest biodiversity.and ecosy.tem services. However, the soil organic carbon（SOC） stocks of native forests have not been incorporated into the Forest Reference Emission Levels calculations and for conservation planning under cli-mate variability.due to a lack of information. The objectives of this study.were:（i） to model SOC stocks to 30 cm of native forests at a national scale using climatic, topographic and vegetation as predictor variables, and（ii） to relate SOC stocks with spatial–temporal remotely.sensed indices to determine biodiversity.conservation concerns due to threats from high inter-annual climate *** We used 1040 forest soil samples（0–30 cm） to generate spatially.explicit estimates of SOC native forests in Argentina at a spatial resolution of approximately.200 m. We selected 52 potential predictive environmental covari-ates, which represent key.factors for the spatial distribution of SOC. All covariate maps were uploaded to the Google Earth Engine cloud-based computing platform for subsequent modelling. To determine the biodiversity.threats from high inter-annual climate variability. we employ.d the spatial–temporal satellite-derived indices based on Enhanced Vegetation Index（EVI） and land surface temperature（LST） images from Landsat *** SOC model（0–30 cm depth） prediction accounted for 69% of the variation of this soil property.across the whole native forest coverage in Argentina. Total mean SOC stock reached 2.81 Pg C（2.71–2.84 Pg C with a probability.of 90%） for a total area of 460,790 km2,

关键词： Soil organic carbon Biodiversity native forest Climate change mitigation Modelling Resilience

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Sex-dependent resilience to extreme drought events: implications for climate change adaptation of a South American endangered tree species

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 48-60页

作者： Sergio Piraino Martín Ariel Hadad y.nina Antonia Ribas-Fernández Fidel Alejandro Roig Laboratorio de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental (IAnIGLA COnICET ) Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Laboratorio de Dendrocronología de Zonas áridas (CIGEOBIO COnICET ) Gabinete de Geología Ambiental (INGEO UNSJ) Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Mayor

Background Recent changes in climatic trends are resulting in an increased frequency.and intensity.of extreme events, with unknown effect on ecosy.tem dy.amics in the near future. Extreme drought episodes are recognized as disturbance factors capable of modify.ng forest dy.amics and tree growth. Within this context, dioecious tree species may.be impacted by.climatic extremes, affecting male/female proportions and, consequently. reproductive processes and species persistence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for species-specific assessments of growth tolerance to extreme dry.spells in dioecious tree species, to establish effective conservation strategies for these particular natural resources. Araucaria araucana(araucaria), an endangered dioecious Patagonian tree species, has recently.undergone decay.and mortality.episodes in response to increasing dry.climatic conditions. While sex-dependent tolerance to extreme drought episodes has been assessed in the species' humid distribution range, there is still a lack of information on the gender-based resilience of trees growing in the drier environments of the species' *** We reconstructed, through dendrochronological methods, the sex-dependent response of 105 araucaria individuals(55 female and 50 male trees) to five regional extreme dry.spells employ.ng a set of different indices. Resistance, recovery.period, and average growth reduction of standardized tree-ring growth were examined, analy.ing the effect of biotic(sex, pre-drought stem tree growth) and abiotic(local climatic conditions before, during, and after extreme climatic episodes) factors on tree *** Sex influences only.the species resistance to climatic disturbance, with male individuals showing lower tolerance to extreme drought events. Pre-drought radial growth rates and local meteorological conditions preceding, during, and following extreme dry.spells strongly.modulated araucaria radial growth resilience regardless of tree s

关键词： Araucaria Climate change Dendrochronology Extreme drought event Resilience

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