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(DarkAI)Mapping the large-scale density field of dark matter using artificial intelligence

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 143-159页

作者： Zitong Wang Feng Shi Xiaohu Yang Qingyang li Yanming liu Xiaoping li School of Aerospace Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710126China Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomyand Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and Key Laboratory for Particle Physics Astrophysics and CosmologyMinistry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Astronomy University of EdinburghRoyal ObservatoryEdinburgh EH93HJUnited Kingdom

Herein,we present a deep-learning technique for reconstructing the dark-matter density field from the redshift-space distribution of dark-matter *** built a Unet-architecture neural network and trained it using the COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration fast simulation,which is an approximation of the n-body simulation with 5123 particles in a box size of 500 h^(-1)***,we tested the resulting Unet model not only with training-like test samples but also with standard n-body simulations,such as the Jiutian simulation with 61443particles in a box size of 1000 h^(-1)Mpc and the ELUCID simulation,which has a different *** real-space dark-matter density fields in the three simulations can be reconstructed reliably with only a small reduction of the cross-correlation power spectrum at 1%and 10%levels at k=0.1 and 0.3 h Mpc-1,*** reconstruction clearly helps to correct for redshift-space distortions and is unaffected by the different cosmologies between the training(Planck2018)and test samples(WMAP5).Furthermore,we tested the application of the Unet-reconstructed density field to obtain the velocity&tidal field and found that this approach provides better results compared with the traditional approach based on the linear bias model,showing a 12.2%improvement in the correlation slope and a 21.1%reduction in the scatter between the predicted and true ***,our method is highly efficient and has excellent extrapolation reliability beyond the training *** provides an ideal solution for determining the three-dimensional underlying density field from the plentiful galaxy survey data.

关键词： dark matter large-scale structure cosmology

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Engineering single-atom Mn on nitrogen-doped carbon to regulate lithium-peroxide reaction kinetics for rechargeable lithium-oxygen batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 199-207页

作者： Yaling Huang Yong liu Yang liu Chenyang Zhang Wenzhang li Jie li School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 4003HunanChina

Precision engineering of catalytic sites to guide more favorable pathways for li_(2)O_(2) nucleation and decom-position represents an enticing kinetic strategy for mitigating overpotential,enhancing discharge capac-ity,and improving recycling stability of li-O_(2) *** this work,we employ metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)derivation and ion substitution strategies to construct atomically dispersed Mn-n_(4) moieties on hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped carbon(Mn SAs-nC)with the aim of reducing the over-potential and improving the cycling stability of li-O_(2) *** porous structure provides more chan-nels for mass transfer and exposes more highly active sites for electrocatalytic reactions,thus promoting the formation and decomposition of li_(2)O_(2).The li-O_(2) batteries with Mn SAs-nC cathode achieve lower overpotential,higher specific capacity(14290 mA h g^(-1) at 100 mAg^(-1)),and superior cycle stability(>100 cycles at 200 mA g^(-1))compared with the Mn nPs-nC and *** functional theory(DFT)cal-culations reveal that the construction of Mn-n_(4) moiety tunes the charge distribution of the pyridinic n-rich vacancy and balances the affinity of the intermediates(liO_(2) and li_(2)O_(2)).The initial nucleation of li_(2)O_(2) on Mn SAs-nC favors the O_(2)-→liO_(2)→li_(2)O_(2) surface-adsorption pathway,which mitigates the overpoten-tials of the oxygen reduction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).As a result,Mn SAs-nC with Mn-n_(4) moiety effectively facilitates the li_(2)O_(2) nucleation and enables its reversible *** work establishes a methodology for constructing carbon-based electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity for li-O_(2)batteries.

关键词： Single-atom Mn MOFs-oriented architecture Rechargeable li-O_(2)battery n-doped carbon Density functional theory calculation

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Current Status and Perspectives of Dual-Atom Catalysts Towards Sustainable Energy Utilization

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nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 402-440页

作者： Yizhe li Yajie li Hao Sun liyao Gao Xiangrong Jin Yaping li Zhi LV lijun Xu Wen liu Xiaoming Sun State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China Xinjiang Coal Mine Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Technology Research Center Xinjiang Institute of EngineeringUrumqi 830023Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionPeople’s Republic of China

The exploration of sustainable energy utilization requires the imple-mentation of advanced electrochemical devices for efficient energy conversion and storage,which are enabled by the usage of cost-effective,high-performance ***,heterogeneous atomically dispersed catalysts are considered as potential candidates for a wide range of *** to conventional cata-lysts,atomically dispersed metal atoms in carbon-based catalysts have more unsatu-rated coordination sites,quantum size effect,and strong metal-support interactions,resulting in exceptional catalytic *** these,dual-atomic catalysts(DACs)have attracted extensive attention due to the additional synergistic effect between two adja-cent metal *** have the advantages of full active site exposure,high selectiv-ity,theoretical 100%atom utilization,and the ability to break the scaling relationship of adsorption free energy on active *** this review,we summarize recent research advancement of DACs,which includes(1)the comprehensive understanding of the synergy between atomic pairs;(2)the synthesis of DACs;(3)characterization meth-ods,especially aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron spectroscopy;and(4)electrochemical energy-related *** last part focuses on great potential for the electrochemical catalysis of energy-related small molecules,such as oxygen reduction reaction,CO_(2) reduction reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,and n_(2) reduction *** future research challenges and opportunities are also raised in prospective section.

关键词： Dual-atom catalysts Synergetic effect Electrocatalysis Oxygen reduction reaction CO_(2)reduction reaction Hydrogen evolution reaction n2 reduction reaction

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Process optimization and mechanism study of ionic liquid-based mixed amine biphasic solvents for CO_(2) capture in biogas upgrading procedure

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 43-57页

作者： Fanzhi Meng Siyu Han li lin Jinglin li Kailun Chen Jianguo Jiang School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

This study focused on enhancing the efficiency of methane upgrading and reducing energy consumption in the biogas upgrading process through the use of biphasic *** aqueous-based biphasic solvent,comprising methyl monoethanolamine(MMEA),n-methyldiethanolamine(MDEA),and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate(ItFB),was meticulously *** biogas upgrading effect,regeneration efficiency,regeneration energy consumption,economic viability,selectivity,and phase separation characteristics of this absorbent were systematically *** parameters,including different inlet flow rates,stirring rate,methane inlet concentrations,reaction temperatures,and amine mixing ratios,were adjusted to investigate their impact.A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the biogas upgrading effect and substance migration trends of the biphasic *** process parameters were determined,demonstrating the favorable impact of the biphasic solvent on biogas *** upgraded gas achieved a methane purity exceeding 96%,and the regeneration energy consumption decreased by 44.27% compared to 30 wt.%MEA,resulting in a more than 50% improvement in economic *** interaction between the ionic liquid and carbamate facilitated the phase separation process,with carbon enrichment after separation exceeding 95%.This enhancement significantly contributed to the improvement of regeneration energy *** study thus concludes that biphasic solvents,exemplified by the described aqueous-based solution,offer a promising avenue for effective biogas upgrading with notable advancements in economic and energy efficiency.

关键词： Biphasic solvents Biogas upgrading Energy consumption Process parameters Ionic liquid

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All-optical complex field imaging using diffractive processors

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1122-1139页

作者： Jingxi li Yuhang li Tianyi Gan Che-Yung Shen Mona Jarrahi Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA California nanoSystems Institute(CnSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA

Complex field imaging,which captures both the amplitude and phase information of input optical fields or objects,can offer rich structural insights into samples,such as their absorption and refractive index ***,conventional image sensors are intensity-based and inherently lack the capability to directly measure the phase distribution of a *** limitation can be overcome using interferometric or holographic methods,often supplemented by iterative phase retrieval algorithms,leading to a considerable increase in hardware complexity and computational ***,we present a complex field imager design that enables snapshot imaging of both the amplitude and quantitative phase information of input fields using an intensity-based sensor array without any digital *** design utilizes successive deep learning-optimized diffractive surfaces that are structured to collectively modulate the input complex field,forming two independent imaging channels that perform amplitude-to-amplitude and phase-to-intensity transformations between the input and output planes within a compact optical design,axially spanning~100 *** intensity distributions of the output fields at these two channels on the sensor plane directly correspond to the amplitude and quantitative phase profiles of the input complex field,eliminating the need for any digital image reconstruction *** experimentally validated the efficacy of our complex field diffractive imager designs through 3D-printed prototypes operating at the terahertz spectrum,with the output amplitude and phase channel images closely aligning with our numerical *** envision that this complex field imager will have various applications in security,biomedical imaging,sensing and material science,among others.

关键词： field. utilize collective

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Crystallization of RE_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)SO_(4)·nH_(2)O as a new family of layered hydroxides(RE=Gd-Lu lanthanides and Y),derivation of RE_(2)O_(2)SO_(4),photoluminescence and optical thermometry

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第8期42卷 1496-1506,I0003页

作者： Fan li Zhenqi Song Zhiyuan Pan Sihan Feng Qi Zhu Ji-Guang li Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorheastern UniversityShenyang110819China Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials ScienceTSsukuboaIbaraki3050044Japan

Layered rare-earth hydroxides(LREHs) draw wide research interest because of their peculiar crystal structure,rich interlayer chemistry and abundant functionality of the RE element,but are limited to the two categories of RE_(2)(OH)_(5)A·nH_(2)O(A:typical of Cl^(-)or nO_(3)^(-)) and RE_(2)(OH)_(4)SO_(4)·nH_(2)*** the other hand,rare-earth oxysulfates(RE_(2)O_(2)SO_(4)) have attracted attention due to their properties of large-capacity oxygen storage,low-temperature magnetism and luminescence,but their preparation procedure mostly involves toxic SO_(x) gases and/or complicated *** this work,RE_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)SO_(4)·nH_(2)O as a new family of LREHs(RE=Gd-Lu lanthanides and Y) were produced via hydrothermal reaction,from which phase-pure RE_(2)O_(2)SO_(4) was derived via subsequent annealing at 800℃ in air without the involvement of SO_(x),The compounds were thoroughly characterized to reveal the intrinsic influence of lanthanide contraction(RE^(3+) radius) on crystal structure,thermal behavior(dehydroxylation/decarbonation/desulfurization),vibrational property and crystallite *** analyzing the photoluminescence of Eu^(3+) and Sm^(3+)in the Gd_(2)O_(2)SO_(4) typical host it is found that the 617 nm(Eu^(3+),λ_(ex)=275 nm) and 608 nm(Sm^(3+),λ_(ex)=407 nm) main emissions can retain as high as ^(7)9.6% and 85.5%of their room-temperature intensities at 423 K,with activation energies of ~0.19 and 0.21 eV for thermal quenching,*** also indicates that both the phosphors have the potential for optical temperature sensing via the fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR) technology,whose maximum relative sensitivity reaches ^(2).70%/K for Eu^(3+)and 1.73%/K for Sm^(3+) at 298 K.

关键词： Layered hydroxide RE_(2)O_(2)SO_(4) Luminescence Optical temperature sensing Rare earths

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Two Indium(III)-based Fluorescent Metal-Organic Frameworks for Highly Sensing Fe^(3+),2,4-DnP,and TnP

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第1期40卷 119-126页

作者： WAnG Dan li Wen li Guanghua HUA Jia liU Yunling State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis&Preparative Chemistry Jilin UniversityChangchun130012P.R.China

Two novel metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),JLU-MOF130([In(nH2−BDC)(Imi)(1H−Imi)]·DMF·H2O,nH2−H2BDC=2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid,1H−Imi=1H-imidazole,DMF=n,n-dimethylformamide)and JLU-MOF131([In(1,4-nDC)(Imi)(1H−Imi)]·DMF0.5,1,4-H_(2)nDC=1,4-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid),were ***-MOF130 features a three-dimensional(3D)architecture with a neb ***-MOF131 is characterized by a two-dimensional(2D)structure with an sql ***-MOF130 has excellent fluorescence detection performance towards Fe^(3+),2,4-dinitrophenol(2,4-DnP),and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol(TnP),but the fluorescence detection performance of JLU-MOF131 is further improved by converting nH2−H2BDC to more conjugated 1,4-H_(2)*** Stern-Volmer(SV)quenching constant(KSV)values of JLU-MOF130 sensing 2,4-DnP,TnP,and Fe^(3+)are 5.24×10^(4),4.44×10^(4),and 4.73×10^(3) L/mol,*** corresponding limit of detection(LOD)values are 1.17,1.36,and 14.59µmol/*** KSV values for JLU-MOF131 are 1.26×10^(5),9.02×10^(4),and 8.48×103 L/mol,and the corresponding LOD values are 0.35,0.42,and 3.60µmol/L,***,the emission wavelengths of the two MOFs obviously shift as the fluorescence emission intensities decrease upon the addition of 2,4-DnP and TnP,which can be applied in selective detection.

关键词： Metal-organic framework Fluorescence quenching Fe^(3+) 2 4-Dinitrophenol(2 4-DnP) 2 4 6-Trinitrophenol(TnP)

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Apically guiding electron/mass transfer reaction induced by Ag/Fen_(x)Mott-Schottky effect within a hollow star reactor toward high performance zinc-air batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 106-116,I0004页

作者： Kaixiang Shi Kaixin Wang Tong li Junhao li Jie Ren Xu li Yonggang Min Zhouguang Lu Wei Tan Quanbing liu Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center(Rongjiang Laboratory) Guangdong University of TechnologyJieyang 515200GuangdongChina Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Clean Transportation Energy Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources BiorefinerySchool of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158HainanChina School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina

The disparity in the transfer of carriers(electrons/mass)during the reaction in zinc-air batteries(ZABs)results in sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),along with elevated overpotentials,thereby imposing additional constraints on its ***,the pre-design and target-development of inexpensive,high-performance,and long-term stable bifunctional catalysts are urgently *** this work,an apically guiding dual-functional electrocatalyst(Ag-Fen_(x)-n-C)was prepared,in which a hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped carbon with three-dimensional(3D)hollow star-shaped structure is used as a substrate and high-conductivity Ag nanoparticles are coupled with iron nitride(Fen_(x))*** calculations indicate that the Mott-Schottky heterojunction as an inherent electric field comes from the two-phase bound of Ag and Fen_(x),of which electron accumulation in the Fen_(x)phase region and electron depletion in the Ag phase region promote orientated-guiding charge *** effective modulation of local electronic structures felicitously reforms the d-band electron-group distribution,and intellectually tunes the masstransfer reaction energy barriers for both ORR/***,the hollow star-s haped hierarchical porous structure provides an apical region for fast mass *** results show that the halfwave potential for ORR is 0.914 V,and the overpotential for OER is only 327 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2).A rechargeable ZAB with Ag-Fen_(x)-n-C as the air cathode demonstrates long-term cycling performance exceeding 1500 cycles(500 h),with a power density of 180 mW cm^(-2).Moreover,when employing AgFen_(x)-n-C as the air cathode,flexible ZABs demonstrate a notable open-circuit voltage of 1.42 V and achieve a maximum power density of 65.6 mW cm^(-2).Ag-Fen_(x)-n-C shows guiding electron/mass transfer route and apical reaction microenvironment for the electrocatalyst architecture in the explo

关键词： Hollow star structure Mott-Schottky effect Apically guiding effect Bifunctional catalysis Zinc-air batteries

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nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment confers resistance to neonatal ischemia and hypoxia:effects on neurobehavioral phenotypes

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2760-2772页

作者： Xiaowen Xu Xinxin Wang li Zhang Yiming Jin lili li Meifang Jin lianyong li Hong ni Division of Brain Science Institute of Pediatric ResearchChildren’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Pediatric Orthopedics Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina

neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is the main cause of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and cerebral ***,there are few effective clinical treatments for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain ***,we investigated the neuroprotective and molecular mechanisms of exogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,which can protect against hypoxic injury in adulthood,in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain *** this study,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(5 mg/kg)was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes befo re surgery and every 24 hours *** results showed that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment improved body weight,brain structure,adenosine triphosphate levels,oxidative damage,neurobehavioral test outcomes,and seizure threshold in experimental *** mass tag proteomics revealed that numerous proteins were altered after nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury *** reaction monitoring and western blotting confirmed changes in the expression levels of proteins including serine(or cysteine)peptidase inhibitor,clade A,member 3n,fibronectin 1,5'-nucleotidase,cytosolic IA,microtubule associated protein 2,and complexin *** analyses showed that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ameliorated hypoxic-ischemic injury through inflammation-related signaling pathways(e.g.,nuclear factor-kappa B,mitogen-activated protein kinase,and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B).These findings suggest that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment can improve neurobehavioral phenotypes in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury mice through inflammation-related pathways.

关键词： brain injury cerebral palsy hypoxia hypoxic-ischemic brain injury inflammation neuroprotection nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide neonate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide proteomics

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Oxidation resistant low-alloyed Ti alloys with good ductility

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Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 3921-3936页

作者： Meng li Zhang-Zhi Shi Jun-Yi Xu Fu-Zhi Dai Xiang-Min li Zi-lin li Lu-ning Wang Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering State Key Laboratory for Advance Metals and MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingBeijing 100083China Institute of Materials Intelligent Technology Liaoning Academy of MaterialsShenyang 110004China

Oxidation resistance enhancement of pure Ti often comes at the cost of reduced ductility,which is frequently the problem through alloying with sole Al,Si,W,Mo and *** overcome the short coming of single element alloying,this paper proposes a multi-element low-alloying strategy to take advantage of synergistic effects and resolve the conflict between oxidation resistance and *** demonstrates that the addition of a small quantity of Ta(0.51wt%)can boost both oxidation resistance and ductility in comparison to pure ***,the combined addition of a small amount(0.54 wt%)of Ta,nb and Si not only preserves good ductility of pure Ti,but also reduces mass gains to 14%-67%of pure Ti during 100 h oxidation at 650-850℃in *** indicates even better oxidation resistance than that obtained through the use of Ta,nb,or nb+Ta *** Ta+nb+Si alloying creates an oxide layer that is less porous and more resistant to stratification and ***,a 3-μm n-rich layer can form in the Ti substrate beneath the oxide scale,in which phase transformation generates coherent Ti_(2)n with(0001)_(Ti)as the habit plane,with n atoms prefers to diffuse along■than along[0001]_(Ti).The completely transformed Ti_(2)n region or partially transformed Ti+Ti_(2)n region can effectively impede oxygen ***,the multielement low-alloying strategy is promising for enhancing both oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of metallic materials in the future.

关键词： Ti alloys Multi-element Co-alloying Oxidation resistance Mechanical properties

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