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Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis:extinction or outbreak

Animal Diseases 2023年第2期3卷 90-103页

作者： Jacob i.irunde Faraja B.Luhanda Department of Mathematics Physics and InformaticsMkwawa University College of EducationIringaTanzania Department of Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyArushaTanzania

Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis are neglected zoonotic diseases that affect human health and economies of developing *** this work,we formulate and analyze deterministic and continuous time Markov chain(CTMC)stochastic models to determine parameters that drive Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis and the likelihood of their *** basic reproduction number R0 is computed by the next generation matrix approach,sensitivity index of each parameter in R0 is derived by the normalized forward sensitivity index and the likelihood of diseases’extinction is computed by the multitype branching *** analysis shows that humans with Taenia solium taeniasis,infectious pork and Taenia solium eggs in the environment play an important role in the transmission of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis,and the model exhibits forward bifurcation at R0=*** implies that R0is a sufficient condition to eliminate Taenia solium taeniasis and *** CTMC model,analysis shows that the probability of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis extinction is high if the diseases emerge from humans with Taenia solium cysticercosis and there is an outbreak if the diseases emerge from either humans with Taenia solium taeniasis or infectious pork or Taenia solium eggs in the *** control Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis,the intervention strategies should focus on improving hygiene and sanitation for reducing shedding rate of Taenia solium eggs in the environment,inspection of pork for reducing the rate of acquiring Taenia solium taeniasis and spraying of insecticides for killing Taenia solium eggs in the environment.

关键词： Taeniasis Cysticercosis Basic reproduction number Sensitivity analysis Multitype branching process Stochastic model

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Sex-dependent resilience to extreme drought events: implications for climate change adaptation of a South American endangered tree species

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 48-60页

作者： Sergio Piraino Martín Ariel Hadad Yanina Antonia Ribas-Fernández Fidel Alejandro Roig Laboratorio de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental (iAniGLA COniCET ) Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Laboratorio de Dendrocronología de Zonas áridas (CiGEOBiO COniCET ) Gabinete de Geología Ambiental (INGEO UNSJ) Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Mayor

Background Recent changes in climatic trends are resulting in an increased frequency and intensity of extreme events, with unknown effect on ecosystem dynamics in the near future. Extreme drought episodes are recognized as disturbance factors capable of modifying forest dynamics and tree growth. Within this context, dioecious tree species may be impacted by climatic extremes, affecting male/female proportions and, consequently, reproductive processes and species persistence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for species-specific assessments of growth tolerance to extreme dry spells in dioecious tree species, to establish effective conservation strategies for these particular natural resources. Araucaria araucana(araucaria), an endangered dioecious Patagonian tree species, has recently undergone decay and mortality episodes in response to increasing dry climatic conditions. While sex-dependent tolerance to extreme drought episodes has been assessed in the species' humid distribution range, there is still a lack of information on the gender-based resilience of trees growing in the drier environments of the species' *** We reconstructed, through dendrochronological methods, the sex-dependent response of 105 araucaria individuals(55 female and 50 male trees) to five regional extreme dry spells employing a set of different indices. Resistance, recovery period, and average growth reduction of standardized tree-ring growth were examined, analysing the effect of biotic(sex, pre-drought stem tree growth) and abiotic(local climatic conditions before, during, and after extreme climatic episodes) factors on tree *** Sex influences only the species resistance to climatic disturbance, with male individuals showing lower tolerance to extreme drought events. Pre-drought radial growth rates and local meteorological conditions preceding, during, and following extreme dry spells strongly modulated araucaria radial growth resilience regardless of tree s

关键词： Araucaria Climate change Dendrochronology Extreme drought event Resilience

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The magnetic response of graphene split-ring metamaterials

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 124-127页

作者： nikitas Papasimakis Sukosin Thongrattanasiri nikolay i Zheludev FJ Garcıa de Abajo Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK iQFR–CSiC Serrano 11928006 MadridSpain Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore iCFO–institut de Ciencies Fotoniques Mediterranean Technology Park08860 Castelldefels(Barcelona)Spain

Graphene has emerged as a promising platform for THz plasmonics,allowing high confinement,long lifetimes and fast electrical ***,we predict a strong magnetic dipole response by graphene split nanorings at THz frequencies,allowing the attainment of metamaterials with a high degree of field confinement(approximately one hundredth of the excitation wavelength)that is not reachable with conventional noble *** magnetic response of highly doped graphene split-rings in the far-infrared is much stronger than that displayed by gold structures of similar *** further explored stacked graphene layers as a practical way of producing high-frequency magnetism in thin,electrically tunable *** results support the great potential of using graphene to achieve electrically tunable magnetic metamaterials.

关键词： artificial magnetism graphene graphene plasmons metamaterials plasmonics

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Antimalarial activity of Ageratum conyzoides in combination with chloroquine and artesunate

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第12期3卷 943-947页

作者： Ukwe Chinwe V Ekwunife Obinna i Epueke Ebele A Ubaka Chukwuemeka M Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Port HarcourtPort Harcourt CityRivers StateNigeria

Objective:To determine the suppressive and curative activity of aqueous leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides(***) in combination with chloroquine and artesunate, respectively against Plasmodium berghei infection in ***:Using malaria(Plasmodium berghei) infected albino mice of both sexes,aqueous extracts of *** in combination with chloroquine and artesunate were tested for antimalarial activity,***-day suppressive test and Rane’s curative test were carried ***:Suppressive tests showed significant dose dependent reduction in parasitemia level produced by the extract-chloroquine and extract-artesunate *** activities of both extract-drug combinations were greater than the individual drugs ***-chloroquine(100:5) produced the highest suppressive effect(98%suppression).Curative tests showed absolute survival in two extract-drug *** extract-drug combinations produced higher curative effects than the individual drugs *** highest dose combinations of extract-chloroquine(100:5) and extract-artesunate(100:5) produced absolute parasitemia clearance(cure) in the infected mice. Conclusions:The study indicated that aqueous extract of *** had the ability to potentiate the antimalarial activity of chloroquine and artesunate against induced plasmodiasis in *** contributes a lot in the malaria endemic and poverty stricken tropics.

关键词： Ageratum Antimalarial Artesunate Chloroquine Drug interaction

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Cross-sectional warping and precision of the first-order shear deformation theory for vibrations of transversely functionally graded curved beams

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第12期44卷 2109-2138页

作者： U.n.ARiBAS M.AYDin M.ATALAY M.H.OMURTAG Department of Civil Engineering Istanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbul 34810Türkiye

The warping may become an important factor for the precise transverse vibrations of curved ***,the first aim of this study is to specify the structural design parameters where the influence of cross-sectional warping becomes great and the first-order shear deformation theory lacks the precision *** outof-plane vibrations of the first-order shear deformation theory are compared with the warping-included vibrations as the curvature and/or thickness increase for symmetric and asymmetric transversely-functionally graded(TFG)curved *** second aim is to determine the influence of design parameters on the *** circular/exact elliptical beams are formed via curved mixed finite elements(MFEs)based on the exact curvature and *** stress-free conditions are satisfied on three-dimensional(3D)constitutive *** variation of functionally graded(FG)material constituents is considered based on the power-law *** cross-sectional warping deformations are defined over a displacement-type FE *** warping-included MFEs(W-MFEs)provide satisfactory 3D structural characteristics with smaller degrees of freedom(DOFs)compared with the brick *** newmark method is used for the forced vibrations.

关键词： mixed finite element(MFE) free vibration forced vibration warping exact elliptical beam functionally graded(FG)beam

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Altered physiology of gastrointestinal vagal afferents following neurotrauma

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neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 254-263页

作者： Emily n.Blanke Gregory M.Holmes Emily M.Besecker Department of Health Sciences Gettysburg CollegeGettysburgPAUSA Department of neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State University College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA

The adaptability of the central nervous system has been revealed in several model *** particular interest to central nervous system-injured individuals is the ability for neural components to be modified for regain of *** both types of neurotrauma,traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury,the primary parasympathetic control to the gastrointestinal tract,the vagus nerve,remains anatomically ***,individuals with traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal *** gastrointestinal dysfunctions attribute to higher morbidity and mortality following traumatic brain injury and spinal cord *** the vagal efferent output remains capable of eliciting motor responses following injury,evidence suggests impairment of the vagal *** sensory input drives motor output,this review will discuss the normal and altered anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal vagal afferents to better understand the contributions of vagal afferent plasticity following neurotrauma.

关键词： gastrointestinal functions microbiome neurotrauma nodose ganglia sensory neuropathy spinal cord injury traumatic brain injury vagal afferents visceral reflexes

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A new perspective on evolution of the Baikal Rift

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Geoscience Frontiers 2011年第3期2卷 349-365页

作者： Victor D.Mats Tatiana i.Perepelova 13/10 Shaar Hagay Str. Carmiel 20101Israel Limnological InstituteSiberian Branch of the RAS3 ul.Ulan-BatorskayaIrkutsk 664033Russia Sobolev institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences3 Koptyug aveNovosibirsk 630090Russia

A new model is suggested for the history of the Baikal Rift, in deviation from the classic twostage evolution scenario, based on a synthesis of the available data from the Baikal Basin and revised correlation between tectonic-lithological-stratigraphic complexes （TLSC） in sedimentary sections around Lake Baikal and seismic stratigraphic sequences （SSS） in the lake sediments. Unlike the previous models, the revised model places the onset of rifting during Late Cretaceous and comprises three major stages which are subdivided into several substages. The stages and the substages are separated by events of tectonic activity and stress reversal when additional compression produced folds and shear structures. The events that mark the stage boundaries show up as gaps, unconformities, and deformation features in the deposition patterns. The earliest Late Cretaceous-Oligocene stage began long before the india-Eurasia collision in a setting of diffuse extension that acted over a large territory of Asia. The nW-SE far-field pure extension produced an nE-striking half-graben oriented along an old zone of weakness at the edge of the Siberian craton. That was already the onset of rift evolution recorded in weathered lacustrine deposits on the Baikal shore and in a wedge-shaped acoustically transparent seismic unit in the lake sediments. The second stage spanning Late Oligocene-Early Pliocene time began with a stress change when the effect from the Eocene india-Eurasia collision had reached the region and became a major control of its geodynamics. The EW and nE transpression and shear from the collisional front transformed the Late Cretaceous half-graben into a U-shaped one which accumulated a deformed layered sequence of sediments. Rifting at the latest stage was driven by extension from a local source associated with hot mantle material rising to the base of the rifted crust. The asthenospheric upwarp first induced the growth of the Baikal dome and the related change from finer

关键词： Sedimentary unit Tectonic phase Stress reversal Rifting mechanism Three-stage rift historyBaikal Rift

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Ecology and Determinants of a Tropical Rainforest Landscape

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Research in Ecology 2023年第1期5卷 12-22页

作者： nwabueze i.igu Jacinta U.Ezenwenyi Department of Geography and Meteorology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka420110Nigeria Department of Forestry and Wildlife Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka420110Nigeria

Tropical ecosystems are bio-diverse ecosystems that differ according to varied environmental *** work assessed the tree diversity and environmental variables that define a rainforest ecosystem in southeast nigeria.30 forest plots were used to identify trees≥10 cm(DBH measured at 130 cm).Soil samples were collected up to 30 cm deep at four edges and middle of each plot,and bulked for *** survey recorded a total of 2414 trees that belonged to 102 species and 32 ***-Wiener’s diversity index(H’)of 3.67,inverse Simpson’s index(C)of 1.06,species evenness of 0.79 and Margalef’s index of species richness(M)of 12.97 were *** family recorded the highest number(1037)of individual tree(being 43%of total)observations,while Burseraceae had the least number(1).Species abundance status showed 2.9%of species as“Abundant”,73.5%as“Endangered”,2.9%as“Frequent”and 20.6%of species as“Rare”.Soil variables namely phosphorus,magnesium,potassium,particle sizes(sand,silt and clay),CEC,calcium,pH,and aluminium,influenced the distribution of the vegetation in decreasing *** factors(soil)determined the distribution of tree stems,growth and abundance of the species within the *** on conserving the ecosystem along environmental gradients and according to species status and indices are advocated.

关键词： Biodiversity Conservation Environmental factors Gradient Tropical

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An applied multi-agent system within the framework of a player-centered probabilistic computer game

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international Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2018年第1期9卷 57-73页

作者： L.S.Kuravsky S.i.Popkov S.L.Artemenkov Dean of Computer Science Faculty Moscow State University of Psychology and Education MoscowRussia Computer Science Faculty Moscow State University of Psychology and Education MoscowRussia

The probabilistic model to represent the behavior of an applied multi-agent system that introduces the interaction between a set of agents and Player has been developed within the framework of player-centered probabilistic computer *** approach features are given with the aid of a game developed for testing cognitive *** agent’s behavior is nondeterministic and therefore unpredictable from Player *** system allows both coordinated and autonomous agent’s behavior that depends on availability of information about the presence and position of workable agents for each ***’s behavior is determined with the aid of the algorithm that includes identification of the probabilistic model parameters using maximized objective functions representing individual and group probabilities for Player *** the model and algorithm ensure the behavior control for relevant applied multi-agent systems.

关键词： Multi-agent systems group control Markov process model identification behavior control for applied multi-agent systems

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Electrochemical behavior of paclitaxel and its determination at glassy carbon electrode

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014年第1期9卷 42-49页

作者： Jayant i.Gowda Sharanappa T.nandibewoor P.G.Department of Studies in Chemistry Karnatak UniversityDharwad 580003Indi

The electrochemical behavior of paclitaxel drug was studied at a glassy carbon electrode in phosphate buffer solutions using cyclic and differential-pulse voltammetric *** oxidation process was shown to be irreversible over the pH range(3.0e10.4)and was diffusion *** of anodic peak potential(E_(p)),anodic peak current(ipa),scan rate,pH,heterogeneous rate constant(k^(0)),etc have been discussed.A possible electrooxidation mechanism was *** analytical method was developed for the determination of paclitaxel in phosphate buffer solution at pH¼7.0 as a supporting *** anodic peak current varied linearly with paclitaxel concentration in the range 1.0×10^-(6)M to 1.0×10^-(5)M with a limit of detection(LOD)of 1.23×10^(-8)M and limit of quantification(LOQ)of 4.10×10^(-8)*** proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of paclitaxel in pure and real samples.

关键词： Paclitaxel Glassy carbon electrode Voltammetry injection analysis Urine

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