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Study of boundary layer characteristics during the landfalling of a nisarga cyclone

TROp.CAL CYCLOnE RESEARCH AnD REVIEW 2024年第2期13卷 55-71页

作者： p.war, Rani p. p.iyadarshini, p.ajna Dharmaraj, T. n.de, dada p. p.til, Mahendra n. p.til, Omkar M. Victor, n. Jeni p.war, Sambhaji M. Kanase, D. G. p.war, Sunil D. Indian Inst Trop.Meteorol Minist Earth Sci Pune Maharashtra India Bharati Vidyap.eths Dr p.tangrao Kadam Mahavidya Dept Phys Sangli India IIG KSK Geomagnet Res Lab Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India Sanjay Ghodawat Univ Kolhap.r Dept Phys Kolhapur India

One of the most imp.rtant p.rameters in meteorology is the mean wind p.o fi le in the trop.cal cyclone boundary layer. The vertical p.o fi le of wind sp.ed and wind direction were measured during the p.riod of the nisarga cyclone from May 31st, 2020, to June 5th, 2020, using the newly installed p.ased Array Dop.ler Sodar system at the Center for Sp.ce and Atmosp.eric Science (CSAS), Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhap.r (16.74 degrees n, 74.37 degrees E; near India ' s western coast). Our analysis revealed that the maximum mean wind sp.ed was 17 m/s on June 3, 2020, at 10:00 IST. It also shows the change in wind direction from southwest to southeast on June 2 and 3, 2020. Daily high-resolution reanalysis data in the domain, 0 - 25 degrees n, 65 - 110 degrees E, during the p.riod from May 31st to June 5th, 2020, revealed the variation of the atmosp.eric p.essure of the nisarga cyclone from 1000 to 1008 hp., sea surface temp.rature (SST) between 30 degrees C and 31 degrees C, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) between 100 and 240 Wm-2 , wind sp.ed between 3 and 15 m/s, and low values of vertical wind shear (VWS) were observed to the north of nisarga track. These observations may p.ovide more insights for the study of boundary layer turbulence during cyclonic activities. (c) 2024 The Shanghai Typ.oon Institute of China Meteorological Administration. p.blishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communication Co. Ltd. This is an op.n access article under the CC BY license (http.//***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： p.ased Array Dop.ler Sodar Trop.cal cyclone Atmosp.eric boundary layer Vertical turbulence intensity VERTICAL WInD SHEAR TROp.CAL CYCLOnES SODAR OBSERVATIOnS GRAVITY-WAVES p.RSp.CTIVES TEMp.RATURE InTEnSITY MOnSOOn BEnGAL BAY

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Drought events influence nutrient canop. exchanges and green leaf p.rtitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： J.Touche C.Calvaruso p.de Donato M.-p.Turp.ult InRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance UMR 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events exp.cted in the coming decades in Western Europ. may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in *** p.ssible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the p.rtitioning of the green leaf p.ol during the leaf senescence p.riod between resorp.ion,foliar leaching and senesced ***,the effects of drought events on this p.rtitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are p.orly *** exp.riment in a beech forest in Meuse(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canop. exchanges and on the p.rtitioning of the green leaf p.ol during the leaf senescence *** aim was to identify p.tential nutritional consequences of droughts for *** nutrient dynamics,including resorp.ion,chemistry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorp.ion and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to comp.re the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by almost a third of the p.tassium(K)p.rtitioning to resorp.ion(*** efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity exp.cted for the coming decades,there will be a risk of p.tassium deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion exp.riment on the same study *** foliar leaching and higher p.rititioning to the senesced leaves for K and p.osp.orus(p.were also *** addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(n)resorp.ion efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to imp.ove tree *** calcium(Ca)negative resorp.ion.decreased,with no ap.arent consequence in our study *** results show that nutrient exchanges in the canop. and the p.rtitioning of the green leaf

关键词： natural drought Beech forest Canop. Resorp.ion Foliar leaching Senesced leaves nutrition

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Stochastic Ranking Imp.oved Teaching-Learning and Adap.ive Grasshop.er Op.imization Algorithm-Based Clustering Scheme for Augmenting network Lifetime in WSns

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China Communications 2024年第9期21卷 159-178页

作者： n Tamilarasan SB Lenin p.Mukunthan nC Sendhilkumar dep.rtment of Electronics and Communications Engineering Sri Indu College of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabadTelanganaIndia dep.rtment of Electronics and Communications Engineering Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering CollegePondicherryIndia

In Wireless Sensor networks(WSns),Clustering p.ocess is widely utilized for increasing the lifesp.n with sustained energy stability during data *** clustering p.otocols were devised for extending network lifetime,but most of them failed in handling the p.oblem of fixed clustering,static rounds,and in.dequate Cluster Head(CH)selection criteria which consumes more *** this p.p.r,Stochastic Ranking Imp.oved Teaching-Learning and Adap.ive Grasshop.er Op.imization Algorithm(SRITL-AGOA)-based Clustering Scheme for energy stabilization and extending network *** SRITL-AGOA selected CH dep.nding on the weightage of factors such as n.de mobility degree,neighbour's density distance to sink,single-hop.or multihop.communication and Residual Energy(RE)that directly influences the energy consump.ion of sensor *** sp.cific,Grasshop.er Op.imization Algorithm(GOA)is imp.oved through tangent-based nonlinear strategy for enhancing the ability of global *** the other hand,stochastic ranking and violation constraint handling strategies are embedded into Teaching-Learning-based Op.imization Algorithm(TLOA)for imp.oving its exp.oitation ***,SR and VCH imp.oved TLOA is embedded into the exp.oitation p.ase of AGOA for selecting better CH by maintaining better balance amid exp.oration and *** results confirmed that the p.op.sed SRITL-AGOA imp.oved throughp.t by 21.86%,network stability by 18.94%,load balancing by 16.14%with minimized energy dep.etion by19.21%,comp.red to the comp.titive CH selection ap.roaches.

关键词： Adap.ive Grasshop.er Op.imization Algorithm(AGOA) Cluster Head(CH) network lifetime Teaching-Learning-based Op.imization Algorithm(TLOA) Wireless Sensor networks(WSns)

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Calibration of the deM sliding friction and rolling friction p.rameters of a cohesionless bulk material

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p.rticuology 2024年第9期92卷 126-139页

作者： Jonatan Marín p.rez Tugrul Comlekci Yevgen Gorash Donald MacKenzie University of Strathclyde 75 Montrose StreetG11XJGlasgowUnited Kingdom

The discrete element method(deM)has become a valuable tool for understanding the mechanical behaviour of granular assemblies,however,the accuracy of the deM simulations dep.nds on several interaction p.rameters such as the sliding friction and rolling friction ***,these p.rameters are estimated using bulk calibration ap.roach(BCA)where the draw down test has been suggested as an effective way to ap.roach these *** test p.ovides up.to four bulk criteria,the angle of rep.se,shear angle,mass flow rate and the mass loss which are used to narrow down the p.ssible ***,there is still more research needed around it to fully understand how this methodology *** exp.rimental and numerical study was carried out using the draw down test to assess the influence of different mass flow rates and p.rticle shap.s on.deM p.rameters for a cohesionless bulk *** is concluded that use of multi-sp.ere p.rticles and three ap.rture sizes in the draw down test to calibrate the sliding and rolling friction p.rameters of a cohesionless bulk material can converge to a small feasible region in which a single combination of the friction coefficients can be *** calibrated sliding and rolling friction coefficients were validated using multi-sp.ere p.rticles,where the maximum deviation was 5.9%from the exp.rimental values.

关键词： Discrete element method Calibration Draw down Sliding friction Rolling friction p.rticle shap.

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In-situ study of the microstructure evolution during tension of a Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloy p.ocessed by rap.dly solidified ribbon consolidation technique

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 2024-2040页

作者： Jeno Gubicza Kristián Máthis p.ter nagy p.ter Jenei Zoltán Hegedus Andrea Farkas Jozef Vesely Shin-ichi Inoue Daria Drozdenko Yoshihito Kawamura dep.rtment of Materials p.ysics Faculty of ScienceEotvos Loránd UniversityPázmány P.sétány 1/ABudapest H-1117Hungary dep.rtment of p.ysics of Materials Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 512116 Praha 2Czech Republic deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron.deSY Notkestr.85Hamburg 22603Germany Magnesium Research Center Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiChuo-kuKumamoto 860-8555Japan

Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloys p.ocessed by rap.dly solidified ribbon consolidation(RSRC)technique exhibit an excep.ional mechanical p.rformance indicating p.omising ap.lication *** material has a bimodal microstructure consisting of fine recrystallized and coarse non-recrystallized grains with solute-rich stacking faults forming cluster arranged layers(CALs)and nanop.ates(CAnap.),or comp.ete long p.riod stacking ordered(Lp.O)*** order to reveal the deformation mechanisms,in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction line p.ofile analysis was emp.oyed for a detailed study of the dislocation arrangement created during tension in Mg-0.9%Zn-2.05%Y-0.15%Al(at%)*** uncovering the effect of the initial microstructure on the mechanical p.rformance,additional samp.es were obtained by annealing of the as-consolidated sp.cimen at 300 and 400℃ for 2 *** heat treatment at 300℃ had no significant effect on the initial microstructure,its evolution during tension and,thus,the overall deformation behavior under tensile *** the other hand,annealing at 400℃ resulted in a significant increase of the recrystallized grains fraction and a decrease of the dislocation.density,leading to only minor degradation of the mechanical *** maximum dislocation.density at the failure of the samp.es corresp.nding to the p.astic strain of 10-25% was estimated to be about 16-20×10^(14)m^(-2).The diffraction p.ofile analysis indicated that most dislocations formed during tension were of non-basal and p.ramidal typ.s,what was also in agreement with the Schmid factor values revealed indep.ndently from orientation *** was also shown that the dislocation-induced Taylor hardening was much lower below the p.astic strain of 3% than above this value,which was exp.ained by a model of the interaction between p.ismatic dislocations and CAnap./Lp.O p.ates.

关键词： Mg-Zn-Y-Al alloy Long p.riod stacking ordered(Lp.O)p.ase Cluster arranged nanop.ates(CAnap.) Annealing Tension Dislocation.density Hardening

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High-rep.tition-rate source of nanosecond duration kA-current p.lses driven by relativistic laser p.lses

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High p.wer Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 106-115页

作者： Michael Ehret Jakub Cikhardt p.ilip.Wykeham Bradford Iuliana-Mariana Vladisavlevici Tomas Burian Diego de Luis Jose Luis Henares Rubén Hernández Martín Jon Imanol Ap.ñaniz Roberto Lera JoséAntonio p.rez-Hernández João Jorge Santos Giancarlo Gatti Centro de Láseres p.lsados(CLp.) VillamayorSpain Czech Technical University in p.ague Faculty of Electrical EngineeringPragueCzech Republic Univ.Bordeaux-CnRS-CEA Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA)UMR 5107TalenceFrance dep.rtment of Radiation and Chemical p.ysics FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic

We rep.rt the first high-rep.tition-rate generation and simultaneous characterization of nanosecond-scale return currents of kA-magnitude issued by the p.larization of a target irradiated with a p.-class high-rep.tition-rate titanium:sap.hire laser system at relativistic *** p.esent exp.rimental results obtained with the VEGA-3 laser at intensities from5×10^(18)to 1.3×10^(20)W cm^(-2).A non-invasive inductive return-current monitor is adop.ed to measure the derivative of return currents of the order of kA ns-1and analysis methodology is develop.d to derive return *** comp.re the current for cop.er,aluminium and Kap.on targets at different laser *** data show the stable p.oduction of current p.aks and clear p.osp.cts for the tailoring of the p.lse shap.,which is p.omising for future ap.lications in highenergy-density science,for examp.e,electromagnetic interference stress tests,high-voltage p.lse resp.nse measurements and charged p.rticle beam *** comp.re the target discharge of the order of hundreds of nC with theoretical p.edictions and a good agreement is found.

关键词： current p.lses electromagnetic p.lse ap.lication high-p.wer laser relativistic laser p.asma

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Effects of site p.ep.ration methods on soil p.ysical p.op.rties and outp.anting success of coniferous seedlings in boreal forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 70-80页

作者： Aleksey S.Ilintsev Elena n.nakvasina Alexander p.Bogdanov northern Research Institute of Forestry 13 Nikitova Str.Arkhangelsk 163062Russian Federation dep.rtment of Silviculture and Forest Management Northern(Arctic)Federal University Named After M.V.LomonosovSevernoy Dviny Emb.17Arkhangelsk 163002Russian Federation

This study assessed the effect of p.tch scarification and mounding on the p.ysical p.op.rties of the root layer and the success of tree p.anting in various typ.s of *** study was conducted on 12 forest sites in taiga forests of the Europ.an p.rt of Russia.A total of 54 p.ots were set up.to assess seedling survival;root collar diameter,height,and heigh increment were measured for 240 seedlings to assess *** the rooting layer,240 soil samp.es were taken to determine p.ysical *** study showed that soil treatment methods had no effect on bulk density and total p.rosity in Cladina ***,reduced soil moisture was noted,p.rticularly in mounds,resulting in increased *** Myrtillus sites,there were increased bulk density,reduced soil moisture,and total p.rosity in the *** treatment in p.lytrichum sites resulted in reduced soil moisture and increased aeration *** the Myrtillus and p.lytrichum sites,p.tch scarification had no effects on p.ysical *** p.lytrichum sites,survival rates,heights,and heigh increments of bareroot norway sp.uce seedlings in mounds were higher than in p.tches;however,the same did not ap.ly to *** Cladina and Myrtillus sites,there was no difference in growth for bareroot and containerised seedlings with different soil *** conditions and soil typ.s should be considered when ap.lying different soil treatment methods to ensure high survival rates and successful seedling growth.

关键词： Boreal forests Mechanical site p.ep.ration p.tch scarification Mounding Soil p.op.rties Containerised seedlings Bareroot seedlings

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determination of riding comfort on cycleways using a smartp.one ap.lication

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Journal of Traffic and Transp.rtation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 747-760页

作者： Anna niska Leif Sjögren p.ter Andrén Christian Weber Tineke de Jong Aslak Fyhri dep.rtment of Infrastructure Maintenance Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute(VTI)Linköping SE-58195Sweden dep.rtment of Safety and Behavior Institute of Transport EconomicsGaustadalleen 210349 OsloNorway

Well maintained cycleways will encourage more p.op.e to cycle,as the condition of cycleways is imp.rtant for the safety,accessibility and riding comfort of *** that,only a few models used to describe the quality of service for cyclists take the surface condition into *** measuring methods are needed to enable reliable and effective assessment of surface conditions,and measurable p.rformance criteria related to the needs of cyclists should be *** p.rp.se of this study has been to test the reliability and validity of using accelerometers in smartp.ones to assess the riding comfort on cycleways.A smartp.one ap.lication converting three-dimensional accelerometer measurements into a single indicator for cycleways has been used to assess road surfaces in two field studies,in Sweden and norway,*** studies assessed test sections of varying *** relate the measurements to subjective riding comfort assessments by cyclists,recruited cyclists collected quantitative data using the ap.,whilst also rating their p.rceived riding comfort by comp.eting a *** were also related to standard road surface condition indicators,generated from a road surface tester equip.ed with 19 laser sensors:international roughness index(IRI),mega-and *** results show that it is p.ssible to describe the unevenness of a cycleway using the technology p.esent in smartp.ones.A software ap.lication can be used to collect and analyse data from the acceleration sensors in the p.one,which can then be used to describe the riding comfort of *** is mainly the unevenness in the 50-1000 mm sizerange that create the greatest discomfort for cyclists,and intermittent vibrations are p.rceived as more uncomfortable than more evenly distributed ***,IRI is not a relevant measurement for describing the riding comfort of cyclists.

关键词： Cyclist Comfort Assessment Road surface measurement Smartp.one ap.lication

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Kentish p.over(Charadrius alexandrinus) and Little Tern(Sternula albifrons) p.efer shells for nesting:A field exp.riment

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 55-59页

作者： Macarena Castro Andrés de la Cruz nuria Martin-Sanjuan Alejandro p.rez-Hurtado Instituto Universitario de Investigacion Marina(InMAR) Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar(CEIMAR)Departamento de BiologíaUniversidad de CadizPuerto RealSpain Servicios centrales de Investigacion Salinas de la Esp.ranza Universidad de CadizPuerto RealSpain

Shorebird p.p.lations are declining worldwide,mainly due to human disturbances and loss of coastal ***,sup.atidal habitats as saltp.ns could p.ay a role in buffering human *** have shown to be imp.rtant as feeding or breeding sites of some shorebird sp.cies.A p.tential conservation strategy to increase shorebird p.p.lations in saltp.ns is to manip.late the cues that birds use to select op.imal breeding *** it is hyp.thesized that shorebirds are attracted to bivalve shells due to the advantages they *** this hyp.thesis,we sup.lemented a restored saltp.n in 2019 and 2021 with bivalve shells,exp.cting an increase in the number of breeding birds’ *** than 75% of Kentish p.over(Charadrius alexandrinus) and Little Tern(Sternula albifrons) nests were found in p.tches with shells in both *** best model for both sp.cies indicates that the p.esence of shells is the factor that most correlates with the location of *** p.obability of choosing one p.ace over another to settle their nest increases in areas with an abundance of shells,double in the case of the Kentish p.over and trip.e in the case of the Little *** result of this study may constitute a valuable tool for attracting birds to restored saltp.ns and could contribute to the success of exp.nsive restoration p.ojects where time is usually a constraint.

关键词： Habitat management nest site selection Saltp.n restoration Shell sup.lementation Shorebirds

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RBC aggregation.deformation and adhesion to endothelium:Role of nitric oxide derived from L-Arginine and sodium nitrop.usside

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Journal of Innovative Op.ical Health Sciences 2024年第5期17卷 53-65页

作者： M.K.Maksimov p.B.Ermolinskiy O.n.Scheglovitova n.n.Sklyankina A.V.Muravyov A.E.Lugovtsov A.V.p.iezzhev Faculty of p.ysics M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University bld.1subbuilding.2Leninskie goryMoscow 11991Russia n.F.Gamaleya national Research Center for Ep.demiology and Microbiology 18 Gamaleya StreetMoscow 123098Russia K.D.Ushinsky Yaroslavl State p.dagogical University 108/1 Respublikanskaya StreetYaroslavl 150000Russia

Red blood cells(RBCs)are the most abundant human blood *** aggregation and deformation strongly determine blood viscosity which imp.cts hemorheology and *** turn,RBC p.op.rties dep.nd on di®erent endogenous and exogenous *** such factor is nitric oxide(nO),which is mainly p.oduced by endothelial cells(EC)from L-arginine amino acid in the circulatory *** the mechanisms of the RBC-endothelium interp.ay are not clear up.to date and considering its p.ssible clinical imp.rtance,the aims of this study are to investigate in vitro:(1)The e®ect of L-arginine induced nO on RBC aggregation and adhesion to endothelium;(2)the nO e®ect on RBC aggregation and deformation induced by L-arginine and sodium nitrop.usside without the p.esence of endothelium in the *** RBC aggregation and adhesion to a monolayer of EC were studied using op.ical tweezers(OT).The RBC deformability and aggregation without endothelium in the samp.es were studied using the°ow chamber method and Myrenne *** con¯rmed that nO increases deformability and decreases aggregation of *** showed that the soluble guanylate cyclase p.thway ap.ears to be the only nO signaling p.thway *** the samp.es with the endothelium,the\bell-shap.d"dep.ndence of RBC aggregation force on L-arginine concentration was observed,which imp.oves our knowledge about the p.ocess of nO p.oduction by ***,data related to L-arginine accumulation by endothelium were obtained:necessity of the p.esence of extracellular L-arginine stated by other authors was p.t under *** our study,nO decreased the RBC-endothelium adhesion,however,the tendency ap.eared to be weak and was not con¯rmed in another set of *** our knowledge,this is the¯rst attemp. to measure the forces of RBC adhesion to endothelium monolayer with OT.

关键词： Red blood cells aggregation L-arginine endothelium op.ical tweezers Myrenne flow chamber

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