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Better together? Treating traumatic brain injury with minocycline plus n-acetylcysteine

neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2589-2592页

作者： Siobhán Lawless Peter j.Bergold Graduate Program in neural and Behavioral Sciences State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNYUSA Department of Physiology and Pharmacology State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNYUSA

Traumatic brain injury has a complex pathophysiology that produces both rapid and delayed brain damage. Rapid damage initiates immediately after injury. Treatment of traumatic brain injury is typically delayed many hours, thus only delayed damage can be targeted with drugs. Delayed traumatic brain injury includes neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and glutamate toxicity. Both the speed and complexity of traumatic brain injury pathophysiology present large obstacles to drug development. Repurposing of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs may be a highly efficient approach to get therapeutics to the clinic. This review examines the preclinical outcomes of minocycline and n-acetylcysteine as individual drugs and compares them to the minocycline plus n-acetylcysteine combination. Both minocycline and n-acetylcysteine are Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs with pleiotropic therapeutic effects. As individual drugs, minocycline and n-acetylcysteine are well tolerated, with known pharmacokinetics, and enter the brain through an intact blood-brain barrier. At concentrations greater than needed for antimicrobial action, minocycline is a potent anti-inflammatory minocycline, also acts as an antioxidant and inhibits multiple enzymes that promote brain injury including metalloproteases, caspases, and polyADP-ribose-polymerase-1. n-acetylcysteine alone is also an antioxidant. It increases brain glutathione, prevents lipid oxidation, and protects mitochondria. n-acetylcysteine also acts as an anti-inflammatory as well as increases extracellular glutamate by activating the X;cystine-glutamate antitransporter. These multiple actions of minocycline and n-acetylcysteine have made them attractive candidates to treat traumatic brain injury. When first dosed within the one hour after injury, either minocycline or n-acetylcysteine improves a diverse set of therapeutic outcome measures in multiple traumatic brain injury animal models. A small number of clinical

关键词： clinical trial outcome measures preclinical testing rodent models of traumatic brain injury therapeutic time window

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nanoscale strained-Si MOSFET physics and modeling approaches:a review

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journal of Semiconductors 2010年第10期31卷 19-23页

作者： Amit Chaudhry j.n.Roy Garima joshi University Institute of Engineering and Technology Panjab University Solar Semiconductor Private Limited

An attempt has been made to give a detailed review of strained silicon technology. Various device models have been studied that consider the effect of strain on the devices, and comparisons have been drawn. A review of some modeling issues in strained silicon technology has also been outlined. The review indicates that this technology is very much required in nanoscale MOSFETs due to its several potential benefits, and there is a strong need for an analytical model which describes the complete physics of the strain technology.

关键词： mobility SiGe strained-Si technology CAD

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Algebraic and group treatments to nonlinear displaced number states and their nonclassicality features:A new approach

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第6期24卷 334-340页

作者： n Asili Firouzabadi M K Tavassoly M j Faghihi Atomic and Molecular Group Faculty of PhysicsYazd University The Laboratory of Quantum Information Processing Yazd University Physics and Photonics Department Graduate University of Advanced Technology

Recently, nonlinear displaced number states （nDnSs） have been manually introduced, in which the deformation function f（n） has been artificially added to the previously well-known displaced number states （DnSs）. Indeed, just a simple comparison has been performed between the standard coherent state and nonlinear coherent state for the formation of nDnSs. In the present paper, after expressing enough physical motivation of our procedure, four distinct classes of nDnSs are presented by applying algebraic and group treatments. To achieve this purpose, by considering the DnSs and recalling the nonlinear coherent states formalism, the nDnSs are logically defined through an algebraic consideration. In addition, by using a particular class of Gilmore-Perelomov-type of SU（1,1） and a class of SU（2） coherent states, the nDnSs are introduced via group-theoretical approach. Then, in order to examine the nonclassical behavior of these states, sub-Poissonian statistics by evaluating Mandel parameter and Wigner quasi-probability distribution function associated with the obtained nDnSs are discussed, in detail.

关键词： displaced number state nonlinear coherent state Wigner function nonclassical state

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SPICE compatible analytical electron mobility model for biaxial strained-Si-MOSFETs

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journal of Semiconductors 2011年第5期32卷 36-41页

作者： Amit Chaudhry j.n.Roy S.Sangwan UIET Panjab UniversityChandigarhIndia Solar Semiconductro Pvt.Ltd HyderabadIndia

This paper describes an analytical model for bulk electron mobility in strained-Si layers as a function of strain. Phonon scattering, columbic scattering and surface roughness scattering are included to analyze the full mobility model. Analytical explicit calculations of all of the parameters to accurately estimate the electron mobility have been made. The results predict an increase in the electron mobility with the application of biaxial strain as also predicted from the basic theory of strain physics of metal oxide semiconductor （MOS） devices. The results have also been compared with numerically reported results and show good agreement.

关键词： mobility SiGe strained-Si phonon surface roughness columbic

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Glycine-nitrate auto-combustion synthesis and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline ndAl_(x)Fe_(1-x)O_(3) perovskites

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journal of Rare Earths 2023年第1期41卷 108-115页

作者： E.A.nforna Hj.M.ngantchou j.n.Ghogomu Department of Fundamental Science Higher Technical Teacher Training CollegeUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box 39BambiliCameroon Department of Chemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of DoualaP.O.Box 24157DoualaCameroon Department of Chemistry The University of BamendaP.O.Box 39BambiliCameroon Department of Chemistry University of DschangP.O.Box 67DschangCameroon

The effect of substitution of Fe^(3+) by Al^(3+) on the structure and magnetic properties of ndAl_(x)Fe_(1-x)O_(3) perovskite nano-powders(x=0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,and 0.5) prepared by the glycine-nitrate auto-combustion method was *** samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX).The magnetic properties of the samples were investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The X-ray results for all samples reveal the formation of an orthorhombic perovskite phase(space group Pbnm) with no secondary *** crystallite sizes of the nanoparticles are found to decrease with increasing Al content,and are in the range of 53-38 *** images show spherical nanoparticles with *** FT-IR spectra confirm the presence of metal oxygen *** M-H loop of the pristine ndFeO_(3) sample is antiferromagnetic in the a b plane with weak ferromagnetism in the *** AI inclusions in the pristine polycrystal thereby creating magnetic vacancies is seen to influence the magnetic *** magnetic dilution results in enhanced magnetisation at low Al content;x=0.1,0.2(saturation magnetisation being 2.08 and 2.05 emu/g,respectively) compared to the pristine sample with a saturation magnetisation of 1.43 emu/g due to increased exchange *** dilution with nonmagnetic dopant induces the phase transition from weak ferromagnetic to paramagnetic depending on the impurity *** coercive field for ndFeO_(3) is found to be equal to 1950 Oe and decreases with *** findings lay a ground work for research in tuning magnetic properties and in spintronics with potential applications in data storage,switches and electronic devices.

关键词： Anti-ferromagnetism Weak ferromagnetism Orthorhombic ndAl_(x)Fe_(1-x)O_(3) Perovskite nanopowders Magnetic dilution

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Different xylogenesis responses to atmospheric water demand contribute to species coexistence in a mixed pine–oak forest

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journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 51-62页

作者： Marín Pompa-García j.julio Camarero Michele Colangelo Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales de la Universidad juárez del Estado de Durango Río Papaloapan y Blvd.Durango S/N Col.Valle del SurDurangoMéxico Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(IPE-CSIC) Avda.Montanna 1005ZaragozaSpain School of Agricultural ForestFood and Environmental SciencesUniv.BasilicataPotenzaItaly

Seasonal patterns of wood formation(xylogenesis)remain understudied in mixed pine-oak forests despite their contribution to tree coexistence through temporal niche *** was assessed in three pine species(Pinus cembroides,Pinus leiophylla,Pinus engelmannii)and one oak(Quercus grisea)coexisting in a semi-arid Mexican *** main xylogenesis phases(production of cambium cells,radial enlargement,cell-wall thickening and maturation)were related to climate data considering 5-15-day temporal *** pines,cambium activity maximized from mid-March to April as temperature and evaporation increased,whereas cell radial enlargement peaked from April to May and was constrained by high evaporation and low ***-wall thickening peaked from june to july and in August-September as maximum temperature and vapour pressure deficit(VPD)*** of earlywood and latewood tracheids occurred in May-june and june-july,enhanced by high minimum temperatures and VPD in *** and *** oak,cambial onset started in March,constrained by high minimum temperatures,and vessel radial enlargement and radial increment maximized in April as temperatures and evaporation increased,whereas early wood vessels matured from May to june as VPD ***,15-day wet conditions enhanced cell radial enlargement in *** and ***,whereas early-summer high 15-day temperature and VPD drove cell-wall thickening in *** night conditions and high evaporation rates during spring and summer enhanced *** earlier growth peak in oak and a higher responsiveness to spring-summer water demand in pines contributed to their coexistence.

关键词： Bimodal growth Drought Vapour pressure deficit Wood formation Xylem phenology

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Phenotypic nutrient up-take differences in an alley cropping system in semi-arid Machakos, Kenya

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第2期13卷 164-169页

作者： D.n. Mungai C.L.Coulson C.j. Stigter j.K. ng’ang’a D.n.Mugendi Department of Geography University of NairobiNairdbiKenya Department of Botany University of NairobiNairobiKenya Department of Enviromnental Sciences Graduate School of Productian EcologyWageningen UniversityDuivendaal 26701 APThe Netherlands Department of Meteorology University of NairobiNairobiKenya Kenya Forestry Research Instiute(KEFRI NairobiKanya)

Alley cropping of Cassia siamea and maize was studied in semi arid Kenya for soil fertility improvement. Katumani composite maize was planted except in the short rains of 1988 (SR88) when a hybrid variety was sown. Therefore the grain yield per row increased differently in the alley cropped maize (CM). Sole maize (SM) and CM yields were higher in SR88 than in the long rains of 1988 (LR88) by 62% and 38%, while yields from the same treatments in LR89 were only 21% and 45% of those in SR88 These differences in relative maize yields are attributed to differences between the two maize varieties in competition under nutrient stress conditions.

关键词： alley cropping Cassia siamea maize nutrients maize yield semi arid condition soil moisture Kenya

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MODELInG THE KnOWLEDGE CREATIOn PROCESS OF GRADUATE RESEARCH

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journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2018年第6期27卷 790-809页

作者： j. Sun j. Tian V.n. Huynh Y. nakamori School of Knowledge Science Japan Advanced lnstitute of Science and Technology lshikawa Japan School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China

Graduate students who are beginning academic research want to learn how to create and verify new knowledge in their research. Their supervisors, on the other hand, are seeking appropriate research environments including effective research guidance methods. In order to meet these demands, this paper proposes a knowledge creation model that supports the objectives of both graduate students and their supervisors. This is an academic knowledge creation model for individuals supported by a group and its origin can be traced back to a famous organizational knowledge creation model. Since this type of model is constructed from empirical knowledge, it is not easy to prove its objective significance. But, this paper tries to show the effectiveness of the proposed model as an initial stage of model validation based on a questionnaire survey of students in a graduate school in China.

关键词： Knowledge creation model graduate students research ability research environment

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Effect of dietary fibre on the gastrointestinal microbiota during critical illness:A scoping review

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World journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 49-59页

作者： Angajendra n Ghosh Calum j Walsh Matthew j Maiden Tim P Stinear Adam M Deane Department of Intensive Care The Northern HospitalEpping 3076VictoriaAustralia Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourne 3052VictoriaAustralia Department of Intensive Care The Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkville 3050VictoriaAustralia Department of Intensive Care Medicine The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville 3050VictoriaAustralia

The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly *** strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated *** changes in dietary intake can rapidly change the GI microbiota,the impact of dietary changes during acute critical illness on the microbiota remain *** fibre is metabolised by carbohydrate-active enzymes and,in health,can alter GI *** aim of this scoping review was to describe the effects of dietary fibre supplementation in health and disease states,specifically during critical *** controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that include adults(>18 years age)and reported changes to GI microbiota as one of the study outcomes using non-culture methods,were *** show dietary fibres have an impact on faecal microbiota in health and *** fibre,inulin,has a marked and specific effect on increasing the abundance of faecal *** chain fatty acids produced by Bifidobacteria have been shown to be beneficial in other patient *** few trials have evaluated the effect of dietary fibre on the GI microbiota during critical *** research is necessary to establish optimal fibre type,doses,duration of intervention in critical illness.

关键词： Gastrointestinal microbiota Dietary fibre Health Critical illness Short chain fatty acids

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Using I-V characteristics to investigate selected contacts for SnO_2:F thin films

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journal of Semiconductors 2012年第8期33卷 22-27页

作者： Shadia.j.Ikhmayies Riyad n Ahmad-Bitar Al Isra University Faculty of Information TechnologyDepartment of Basic Sciences-PhysicsAmman 16197Jordan University of jordan Faculty of SciencePhysics DepartmentAmman 11942Jordan

Fluorine doped tin oxide （SnO2：F） thin films were prepared on glass substrates by the spray pyrolysis （SP） technique at different substrate temperatures between 380480 ℃. The microstructure of the films was explored using scanning electron microscope observations. An investigation of selected contacts for the films was performed through the analysis of the I-V measurements which were taken in the dark at room temperature. Indium, aluminum and silver were selected as contacts where two strips of each metal were vacuum-evaporated on the surface of the film. The resistivity of the films was estimated from the linear I-V plots. It was found that the smallest resistivity was obtained using silver contacts, while the largest resistivity was obtained by using indium contacts. This is because silver diffuses in the film and participates in doping, while aluminum and indium cause compensation effects when they diffuse in the film. The best linear fit parameters are those of films with aluminum contacts, and the worst ones are those of films with indium contacts. Annealing was found to improve the electrical properties of the films, especially those deposited at a low substrate temperature. This is because it is expected to encourage crystal growth and to reduce the contact potential which leads to the formation of an alloy. Annealed films are more stable than un-annealed ones.

关键词： ohmic contacts I-V characteristics annealing tin oxide

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