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Frequency of the C677T Polymorphism of MTHFR, G20210A of Prothrombin and R506Q of Factor V Leiden in Type 2 Diabetics in Abidjan

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Open Journal of Genetics 2024年第1期14卷 13-25页

作者： n.guessan.blao rebecca Yapo Vincent Yayo-Ayé Mireille Adjambri Eusèbe Koné-Koné Fatoumata Sawadogo Duni Hematology and General Biology Unit Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences Department of Biological Sciences Felix Houphouet-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast Laboratory of Biology and Medical Research National Institute of Public Health (INSP) Abidjan Ivory Coast Molecular Biology Unit Center for Diagnosis and Research on AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases (CeDReS) Treichville University Hospital (CHU) Abidjan Ivory Coast

In Africa, the prevalence of diabetes is escalating and remains a concern due to the numerous complications it causes. Vascular damage associated with diabetes leads to a prothrombotic state observed in diabetic individuals. Diabetes is a complex and multifactorial disease involving genetic components. With the aim of preventing complications and contributing to an efficient management of diabetes, we investigated genes likely to lead to a risk of thrombosis, in particular the C677T of MTHFR, G20210A of prothrombin, and R506Q of factor V Leiden in type 2 diabetics in Abidjan receiving ambulatory care. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on consenting type 2 diabetic patients. Mutation detection was carried out using the PCR-RFLP method employing restriction enzymes. Hemostasis tests (fibrinogen, D-dimers, fibrin monomers, and von Willebrand factor) were performed using citrate tubes on the Stage? Star Max automated system. Plasminogen activator inhibitor was assayed by ELISA method, and biochemical parameters were determined using the COBAS C311. The study population consisted of 45 diabetic patients, 51.1% of whom presented vascular complications, mainly neuropathy. Disturbances in hemostasis parameters were observed, with 15.5% of patients showing an increase in fibrin monomers. Mutation analysis revealed an absence of factor V mutation (factor V Leiden) and of G20210A mutation of the prothrombin gene. However, 15.6% of subjects had a heterozygous C677T mutation of MTHFR, with 57% of them being anemic. The exploration of biological and genetic factors associated with thrombotic risk is of significant interest in the optimal management of African type 2 diabetics.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes C677T of MTHFR G20210A Factor V Leiden Thrombosis

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An integrative view of the signaling phenotype： Dynamic links between signals, physiology, behavior and social context

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 739-754页

作者： Maren n. VITOUSEK David M. ZOnAnA rebecca J. SAFRAn Department of neurobiology and Behavior Comell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Signal traits are often linked with the physiological state and behavior of their bearer. Direct examination of the causal links among these variables has provided substantial insight into the information content of signals, and into the costs and benefits of signal expression. Yet recent empirical work suggests that the social context in which signals are developed and displayed can play a major role not only in how signals are received, but also in coordinating and mediating the signaling phenotype itself. Here we review both well-established and emerging evidence for direct feedbacks among an individual＇s physiological state, be- havior, and signal elaboration. We then describe an integrative view of signaling that takes into account the bidirectional rela- tionships among components of phenotype and the social context in which signals are developed and displayed. Integrating dy- namic feedback between context and phenotype within models of the evolution and maintenance of signals may yield insights into how signals evolve, how signaling phenotypes are coordinated and maintained on ecological and evolutionary time scales, and how static signals continue to convey relevant phenotypic information about their bearer through time.

关键词： Behavior Phenotype Physiology Signal trait Social feedback Sexual selection

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Climate drives differences in the germination niche of a globally distributed invasive grass

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 195-203页

作者： rebecca A.Fletcher Kayla M.Varnon Jacob n.Barney Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences675 Old Glade RdBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Aims Exotic invasive species are often exposed to strong selection pressures in their new ranges that can often lead to substantial intraspecific *** differentiation in the timing of life history events in response to climate gradients is thought to be an important mechanism facilitating the range expansion of many invasive *** seed producing plants,the timing of seed germination determines the first environmental conditions experienced by newly emerged germinates,and can have important implications for the successful colonization,establishment and spread of invasive plants—though the role of germination in the success of invasive plants remains poorly *** We assessed the variation in seed germination dynamics among 10 populations of the invasive plant Johnsongrass(Sorghum halepense)across its north American distribution,capturing both a temperature and precipitation gradient,and whether that variation is associated with home *** were exposed to a wide range of temperatures(11–48℃)and two water availability *** Findings We found that Johnsongrass seeds germinated across a wide range of temperatures,but there was substantial variation among populations in the proportion of seeds that germinated in response to both temperature and water *** indicates that as Johnsongrass expanded its range from warmer climates into cooler climates,there was a concurrent shift in the germination temperature niche to cooler *** results suggest that the germination of Johnsongrass seeds has adapted to home climate allowing this invader to maximize germination throughout its range,and that this may be an important contributing factor to its invasion into new environments.

关键词： adaptation among-population variation Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense temperature water availability

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Ecological and evolutionary connections between morphology, physiology, and behavior

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 736-738页

作者： rebecca J. SAFRAn Maren n. VITOUSEK Guest Editors Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Department of neurobiology and Behavior Comell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA

1 Introduction Phenotype variation within populations both provides the raw material for and is the product of evolutionary change. An individual＇s phenotype, defined as the amalgamation of morphology, physiology, and behavior, is highly complex. It has been common to try to isolate each of these aspects of phenotype rather than directly examine their integration. For example, despite the demonstrated importance of single aspects of phenotype for acquiring mates it is well known that signal traits are not evaluated in isolation, but rather in conjunction with associated behaviors, and sometimes with other signal traits （Moiler and Pomiankowski, 1993; Candolin, 2003;

关键词：形态学生理学行为进化表型变异连接生态信号特性

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Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of cucumber fruit peels reveal a developmental increase in terpenoid glycosides associated with age-related resistance to Phytophthora capsici

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Horticulture Research 2017年第1期4卷 266-276页

作者： Ben n Mansfeld Marivi Colle Yunyan Kang A Daniel Jones rebecca Grumet Department of Horticulture Graduate Program in Plant BreedingGenetics and BiotechnologyMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing48824MIUSA College of Horticulture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing48824MIUSA Department of Chemistry Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing48824MIUSA

The oomycete,Phytophthora capsici,infects cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)*** age-related resistance(ARR)to this pathogen was previously observed in fruit of cultivar‘Vlaspik’and shown to be associated with the *** fruits are highly susceptible,but develop resistance at~10–12 days post pollination(dpp).Peels from resistant(16 dpp)versus susceptible(8 dpp)age fruit are enriched with genes associated with defense,and methanolic extracts from resistant age peels inhibit pathogen *** we compared developing fruits from‘Vlaspik’with those of‘Gy14’,a line that does not exhibit *** analysis of peels of the two lines at 8 and 16 dpp identified 80 genes that were developmentally upregulated in resistant‘Vlaspik’16 dpp versus 8 dpp,but not in susceptible‘Gy14’at 16 dpp.A large number of these genes are annotated to be associated with defense and/or specialized metabolism,including four putative resistance(R)genes,and numerous genes involved in flavonoid and terpenoid synthesis and *** metabolomic analysis was performed on extracts from 8 and 16 dpp‘Vlaspik’and‘Gy14’fruit peels using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass *** analysis of the metabolomes identified 113 ions uniquely abundant in resistant‘Vlaspik’16 dpp peel *** most abundant compounds in this group had relative mass defects consistent with terpenoid *** of the three most abundant ions were annotated as glycosylated nor-terpenoid ***,these analyses reveal potential mechanisms by which ARR to *** may be conferred.

关键词： metabolism resistance abundant

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Mycorrhizal Symbioses of Cotton Grown on Sodic Soils:A Review from an Australian Perspective

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Pedosphere 2017年第6期27卷 1015-1026页

作者： Samieh ESKAnDARI Christopher n.GUPPY Oliver G.G.KnOX David BACKHOUSE rebecca E.HALInG School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidale NSW 2351(Australia) CSIRO Agriculture Canberra ACT 2601(Australia)

The majority of terrestrial plants form some type of mycorrhizal *** established symbiosis therefore exists in most commercially important crops, which includes *** mycorrhizal fungus(AMF) can colonise 50%–90% of cotton root length under field and controlled *** improves growth and nutrient uptake(especially phosphorus) of cotton,particularly at the early growth *** symbioses help plants to counter the stresses imposed by physical and chemical soil constraints; however, adverse environmental conditions may restrict the mycorrhizal associations and consequently may reduce nutrient uptake and impair plant *** Australia, cotton is mainly grown on sodic soils that contain more than 6% of the total cations as exchangeable *** levels of sodium in the soil create adverse physical and chemical soil conditions that may negatively affect mycorrhizal symbioses of *** review discusses the cotton mycorrhizal colonisation, plant growth, and disease protection effects, potential negative effects of physical and chemical properties of sodic soils, and influences of some agronomic management *** addition, the research gaps were identified and some practical applications of the research outcomes were suggested.

关键词： agronomic management axbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) disease protection exchangeable sodium pathogen,plant growth soil property

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Effects of cucumber mosaic virus-infected chilli plants on non-vector Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera Aleyrodidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 76-85页

作者： Khalid A.Saad M.n.Mohamad Roff rebecca H.Hallett Idris B.Abd-Ghani Faculty of Science and Technology School of Environmental and Natural Resource SciencesNational University MalaysiaBangi SelangorMalaysia Horticulture Research Centre HeadquartersMARDI-UPMSerdang SelangorMalaysia School of Environmental Sciences University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada

Plant virus infections are known to alter host plant attractiveness and suitability for insect *** study was conducted to determine how cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected chilli plants affect the fitness and settling preferences ofnonvector whitefly,Bemisia tabaci adults under dual-choice conditions with volatile organic compounds analyzed using solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results showed that the presence of CIVIV in chilli plants substantially affects the settling preferences of the ***,which preferred to settle on noninfected *** of the egg stage and the longevity and fecundity of adult *** on CMV-infected chilli plants were not markedly different from those on noninfected chilli *** contrast,the developmental time from egg to adult was significantly reduced in CMV-infected chilli plants compared to the noninfected *** results also showed that CMV-infected chilli plants released significantly more linalool and phenylacetaldehyde than noninfected ***,it was suggested that the behavioral response of *** might be modified by CMV-infected plants,which alter the release of specific headspace *** on these results,the modification of plant volatile profiles may help in enhancing the effectiveness of biological control and the protection of crop plants against ***.

关键词： Bromoviridae Capsicum anmium cucumovirus in sect-pathogen interactions whitefly

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Impaired cellulose decomposition in a headwater stream receiving subsurface agricultural drainage

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 845-861页

作者： rebecca Poisson Adam G.Yates Department of Geography Western UniversityLondonONCanada Department of Biology University of WaterlooWaterloo University200 University Avenue WestWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Background:Agricultural development of former wetlands has resulted in many headwater streams being sourced by subsurface agricultural drainage *** drainage inputs can significantly influence stream environmental conditions,such as temperature,hydrology,and water chemistry,that drive ecological ***,ecological assessments of subsurface drainage impacts are *** assessed the impact of an agricultural drainage system on cellulose decomposition and benthic respiration using a paired stream study in a headwater branch of nissouri Creek,in Ontario,*** first order segments sourced by a spring-fed marsh and a cropped field with subsurface drainage,as well as the adjoining trunk segment,were sampled over a year using the cotton strip assay to measure cellulose decomposition and benthic ***:Assessments of cellulose decomposition revealed a one-third reduction in the drainage-sourced segment compared to marsh-sourced *** segment differences in cellulose decomposition were associated with reduced summer temperatures in the drainage-sourced *** of stream cooling from the drainage-sourced segment were transmitted downstream as cellulose decomposition was slower than expected throughout the drainage-sourced segment and for several hundred meters down the adjoining trunk *** respiration only differed between the drainage-and marsh-sourced segments in spring,when stream temperatures were ***:Our findings suggest there may be a widespread reduction in cellulose decomposition in streams across similar agricultural regions where subsurface drainage is ***,cooling of streams receiving significant amounts of water inputs from subsurface drainage systems may impart increased resiliency to future climate warming.

关键词： Stream Agriculture Cotton strip assay Seasonality Organic matter breakdown Benthic respiration

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A survey of high resolution image processing techniques for cereal crop growth monitoring

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第2期9卷 300-315页

作者： Sanaz Rasti Chris J.Bleakley n.M.Holden rebecca Whetton David Langton Gregory O’Hare School of Computer Science University College DublinDublinIreland School of Agriculture and Food Science University College DublinDublinIreland School of Biosystems and Food Engineering University College DublinDublinIreland Origin Enterprises plc DublinIreland

This paper presents a survey of image processing techniques proposed in the literature forextracting key cereal crop growth metrics from high spatial resolution, typically proximalimages. The descriptive crop growth metrics considered are: crop canopy cover, aboveground biomass, leaf area index (including green area index), chlorophyll content, andgrowth stage. The paper includes an overview of relevant fundamental image processingtechniques including camera types, colour spaces, colour indexes, and image segmentation. The descriptive crop growth metrics are defined. Reference methods for groundtruth measurement are described. Image processing methods for metric estimation aredescribed in detail. The performance of the methods is reviewed and compared. The surveyreveals limitations in image processing techniques for cereal crop monitoring such as lackof robustness to lighting conditions, camera position, and self-obstruction. Directions forfuture research to improve performance are identified.

关键词： Crop canopy cover Above ground biomass Leaf area index Chlorophyll content Growth stage Cereal image processing

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Portal vein ligation accelerates tumor growth in ligated,but not contralateral lobes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3816-3826页

作者： nozomu Sakai Callisia n Clarke rebecca Schuster John Blanchard Amit D Tevar Michael J Edwards Alex B Lentsch Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati231 Albert Sabin WayCincinnatiOH 45267-0558United States

AIM: To investigate the mechanisms of liver growth and atrophy after portal vein ligation (PVL) and its effects on tumor growth. METHODS: Mice were subjected to PVL, partial hepatectomy, or sham surgery. The morphological alterations, activation of transcription factors, and expression of cytokines and growth factors involved in liver regeneration were evaluated. In a separate set of experiments, murine colorectal carcinoma cells were injected via the portal vein and the effect of each operation on liver tumor growth was studied. RESULTS: Liver regeneration after PVL and partial hepatectomy were very similar. In ligated lobes, various cytokines, transcription factors and regulatory factors were signifi cantly upregulated compared to nonligated lobes after PVL. Atrophy in ligated lobes was a result of early necrosis followed by later apoptosis. Tumor growth was signifi cantly accelerated in ligated compared to non-ligated ***: Tumor growth was accelerated in ligated liver lobes and appeared to be a result of increased growth factor expression.

关键词： Portal vein ligation Tumor growth Growth factor Atrophy Apoptosis

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