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THE PASSIVHAUS STAnDARD In THE MEDITERRAnEAn CLIMATE:EVALUATIOn,COMPARISOn AnD PROFITABILITY

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Journal of green Building 2015年第4期10卷 55-72页

作者： Saldaña-Márquez gómez-Soberón Arredondo-Rea Almaral-Sánchez gómez-Soberón Rosell-Balada Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Escola Tècnica Superior d’Arquitectura de BarcelonaDepartament de Construccions ArquitectòniquesⅠDepartament d’Estructures a l’ArquitecturaBarcelonaSpain Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Escola Politècnica Superior d’Edificacióde BarcelonaDepartament de Construccions ArquitectòniquesⅡBarcelonaSpain Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Facultad de Ingeniería MochisLos MochisMexico Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Escuela de Ingeniería CivilDepartamento de MaterialesMexico D.F.Mexico

InTRODUCTIOn One of the main environmental problems faced by the global community in the twenty-first century is unquestionably the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions(Fuller and Crawford 2011).To face this challenge,the European Union(EU)has set the so-called 2020 Horizon as one of its main objectives:limiting the emission of greenhouse gas emissions by 20%,satisfying 20%of all energy needs through renewable sources,and improving energy efficiency by 20%(The Euro-pean Union 2012).The last projection forecast in 2012 by the European Envi-ronmental Agency(EEA)established that Spain was one of the countries in the EU furthest from reaching these objectives(The European Union 2013).As a result,implementing measures devised to meet the 2020 objectives is currently a priority for the Spanish *** recent decades,the housing sector has played a decisive role in increas-ing global energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions(nejat et al.2015).In 2014 Spain’s housing sector’s energy consumption needs represented 19%of total national consumption and 31%of the electricity demand(IDAE 2013).Starting from the design phase,reduction in energy consumption per square meter has become a prerequisite for the majority of buildings(Parameshwaran et al.2012;Koo et al.2014).The importance and urgency exhibited by the EU housing sector in achiev-ing the government objectives outlined in the 2020 Horizon have led the energy market to show a clear trend towards buildings with higher energy performance in the future(Shimschar et al.2011).Similarly,the success factor of energy efficiency initiatives will depend to a large degree on the method or the indica-tors used when measuring energy performance in each building(Abu Bakar et al.2015;Day and gunderson 2015).As a result,selecting one energy evaluation methodology over another can be decisive in the path taken by Spain,change the current perception of the country,and increase Spain’s standing within the *** studies(Feist et

关键词： passivhaus standard energy efficiency PHPP Mediterranean climate construction costs

Fishtail phenomenon in Ho-added PMP YBCO

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第21期43卷 1842-1846页

作者： J.g.Wen n.Koshizuka northwest Institute for nonferrous Metal Research Xi’an China Superconductivity Research Laboratory ISTEC 10-13 Shinonome 1-chome Koto-ku Tokyo Japan CCAST World Laboratory Beijing China Structure Research Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

The Y 1-xHo xBa-2Cu-3O y superconductors were fabricated by the powder melting process (PMP) method and the magnetic hysteresis loops of these samples were measured at different temperatures by a SQUID magnetometer (up to 7 T). Critical current density was calculated by the Bean critical state model. The results indicate that the fishtail effect is observed in Y 0.6Ho 0.4Ba-2Cu-3O y below 60 K, while no fishtail can be found in Y 0.8Ho 0.2Ba-2Cu-3O y until 30 K. The peak field at which J c reaches its maximum decreases with the increasing magnetic field. In the Y 0.6Ho 0.4Ba-2Cu-3O y sample, the fishtail effect disappears when the temperature is raised to 77 K. In addition, after the Y 0.6Ho 0.4Ba-2Cu-3O y sample was re-sintered at high temperature for a long time, the fishtail can be found in two field directions (H∥C and H⊥C). It is considered that the paramagnetism in the sample may be responsible for the fishtail effect in Ho-added YBCO. Also, the cation disorder created by Ho addition may be another reason for the fishtail.

关键词： flux pinning fishtail effect element substitutions critical current density.

Relationship between HSP90a, nPC2 and L-PgDS proteins to boar semen freezability

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 582-591页

作者： Julián Valencia germán gómez Walter López Henry Mesa Francisco Javier Henao Universidad de Caldas Faculty of Agricultural Sciences A.A. 275 Manizales Caldas Colombia

Background： The purpose of this study was to determine the association of three proteins involved in sperm function on the freezability of porcine semen： the heat shock protein 90 alpha（HSP90a）, the niemann-Pick disease type C2 protein（nPC2）, and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase（L-PgDS）.Six adult boars（each boar was ejaculated three times, 18 in total） were classified by freezability based on the percentage of functionally competent sperm. The male semen with highest freezability（MHF） and the male semen with lowest freezability（MLF） were centrifuged immediately after collection to separate seminal plasma and spermatozoa to make four possible combinations of these two components and to incubate them for 3 h,adjusting the temperature to 17 °C, to freeze them afterwards. The quantification of proteins was performed in two stages： at zero and at 3 h after incubation of the four ***： The spermatozoa × incubation time（IT） interaction only had effect（P 〈 0.01） on HSP90 a levels; this protein increased in seminal plasma, after 3 h of incubation, in larger quantity（P 〈 0.05） in combinations with MLF spermatozoa. In relation with the nPC2 protein, two isoforms of 16 and 19 kDa were identified. The 19 kDa isoform was affected（P 〈 0.01） only by the seminal plasma × IT interaction, with superior values（P 〈 0.01） both at zero and three hours of incubation, in the combinations with MHF seminal plasma; and 16 kDa isoform was affected（P 〈 0.01） only by the IT with reduction after 3 h of incubation. The levels of L-PgDS was affected（P 〈 0.01）only by the spermatozoa × IT interaction, which reduced（P 〈 0.01） in combinations with MLF spermatozoa after 3 h of ***： It is possible to consider that the three proteins evaluated were associated with freezability of boar semen due, especially, to the fact that mixtures with MLF spermatozoa showed greater increase levels of the HSP90 a protein and reduction of L-PgDS in plasma. In addition, the seminal

关键词： Boar freezability HSP90a L-PgDS nPC2 Semen preservation Seminal plasma

Fault-tolerant design approach for reliable offshore multi-megawatt variable frequency converters

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2016年第3期1卷 226-237页

作者： n.Vedachalam A.Umapathy g.A.Ramadass national Institute of Ocean Technology Ministry of Earth SciencesChennaiIndia

Inverters play a key role in realizing reliable multi-megawatt power electronic converters used in offshore applications,as their failure leads to production losses and impairs *** performance of high power handing semiconductor devices with high speed control capabilities and redundant configurations helps in realizing a fault-tolerant *** paper describes the reliability modeling done for an industry standard,3-level neutral point clamped multi-megawatt inverter,the significance of semiconductor redundancy in reducing inverter failure rates,and proposes methods for achieving static and dynamic redundancy in series connected press pack type insulated gate bipolar transistors(IgBT).It is identified that,with the multi megawatt inverter having 3+2 IgBT in each half leg with dynamic redundancy incorporated,it is possible to reduce the failure rate of the inverter from 53.8%to 15%in 5 years of continuous *** simulation results indicate that with dynamic redundancy,it is possible to force an untriggered press pack IgBT to short circuit inn operated with a pulse width modulation frequency of 1 kHz.

关键词： Fault tolerant IgBT Inverter Redundancy

Chromite in the Mantle Section of the Oman Ophiolite: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Oman Ophiolite

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Acta geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A02期89卷 77-78页

作者： SAVELYEVA g.n BATAnOVA V.g geological Institute RAS Moscow Institute geochemistry RAS Moscow and ISTerre Universite Joseph Fourier Grenoble

Structure and composition of the Uralian ophiolites reflect a large spectrum of geodynamic environment of their creation during Paleozoic time： from mid-ocean ridge, rift zone in continental margin, and suprasubduction spreading zone （SSZ） with resultant lherzolite or harzburgite ophiolite type （LOT and HOT）.

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Phylofloristics:an example from the Lesser Antilles

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第2期7卷 166-175页

作者： nathan g.Swenson María n.Umaña Department of Plant Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824USA

Aims The last decade has seen many plant ecologists integrating phylogenetic analysis into ecology to explain patterns of species cooccurrence and compositional similarity across *** the advances in this area,there are still some challenges that need to be *** challenge is that most of the phylogenetic studies of plant assemblages have focused only on a small proportion of all of the vascular plants that co-occur(*** plants),while much of the remaining co-occurring flora has been *** Here we introduce an analytical approach that we term phylofloristics that analyzes the compositional similarity of floras in relation to spatial and environmental gradients to understand their *** an illustration,we assembled a large phylogenetic tree for the flora of the Lesser Antilles and evaluated the patterns of floristic and phylofloristic similarity among the island-specific *** analyzed the relationship of these similarities with spatial and environmental distance and compared the results for non-endemic and endemic *** Findings The results show a major influence of environmental heterogeneity on the assembly of island floras and far less evidence for the importance of dispersal limitation of lineages and *** study highlights the importance of incorporating broader taxonomic sampling to improve our understanding of assembly processes in *** expect future phylofloristic studies will improve the approach we have taken by generating more refined phylogenetic trees and by incorporating phylogeographic information.

关键词： biogeography Caribbean flora phylogeny plant geography

Simultaneous Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure and Conduction Band non-parabolicity on Binding Energies and Diamagnetic Susceptibility of a Hydrogenic Impurity in Spherical Quantum Dots

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第8期56卷 377-381页

作者： g.Rezaei n.A.Doostimotlagh B.Vaseghi Department of Physics College of SciencesYasouj University Young Research Club Islamic Azad University

Simultaneous effects of conduction band non-parabolicity and hydrostatic pressure on the binding energies of 1S, 2S, and 2P states along with diamagnetic susceptibility of an on-center hydrogenic impurity confined in typical gaAs/Alx- ga1-x As spherical quantum dots are theoretically investigated using the matrix diagonalization method. In this regard, the effect of band non-parabolieity has been performed using the Luttinger-Kohn effective mass equation. The binding energies and the diamagnetic susceptibility of the hydrogenic impurity are computed as a function of the dot radius and different values of the pressure in the presence of conduction band non-parabolicity effect. The results we arrived at are as follows： the incorporation of the band edge non-parabolicity increases the binding energies and decreases the absolute value of the diamagnetic susceptibility for a given pressure and radius; the binding energies increase and the magnitude of the diamagnetic susceptibility reduces with increasing pressure.

关键词： non-parabolic conduction band hydrostatic pressure quantum dots hydrogenic impurity diamagnetic susceptibility

Linear and nonlinear Optical Properties of Spherical Quantum Dots:Effects of Hydrogenic Impurity and Conduction Band non-Parabolicity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2012年第3期57卷 485-489页

作者： g.Rezaei B.Vaseghi n.A.Doostimotlagh Department of Physics College of SciencesYasouj University Young Researchers Club Yasooj BranchIslamic Azad University

Simultaneous effects of an on-center hydrogenic impurity and band edge non-parabolicity on intersubband optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes of a typical gaAs/Alxga1-xAs spherical quantum dot are theoretically investigated, using the Luttinger-Kohn effective mass equation. So, electronic structure and optical properties of the system are studied by means of the matrix diagonalization technique and compact density matrix approach, respectively. Finally, effects of an impurity, band edge non-parabolicity, incident light intensity and the dot size on the linear, the third-order nonlinear and the total optical absorption coemcients and refractive index changes are investigated. Our results indicate that, the magnitudes of these optical quantities increase and their peaks shift to higher energies as the influences of the impurity and the band edge non-parabolicity are considered. Moreover, incident light intensity and the dot size have considerable effects on the optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes.

关键词： hydrogenic impurity non-parabolic conduction band quantum dots absorption coefficient refractive index

Proactive control of cresting in homogeneous oil reservoirs:an experimental study

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Petroleum Science 2017年第4期14卷 755-764页

作者： H.n.Akangbou M.Burby g.nasr Petroleum Technology and Spray Research groups Schoolof Computing Science and EngineeringUniversity ofSalfordManchester M5 4WTUK

This paper sets out to investigate experimentally the use of electromagnetic valves in controlling production of water during cresting from homogeneous non-fractured thick-oil and thin-oil reservoirs, based on the principle of capillarity and breakthrough time. A time half the initial breakthrough times was preset for the electromagnetic valve to close. The valve closed almost immediately at the set time thereby shutting oil production temporarily,causing the water and gas height levels to recede by gravity and capillarity with receding reservoir pressure. The efficiency of this technique was compared with an uncontrolled simulation case, in terms of cumulative oil, oil recovery and water produced at the same overall production time. From the results obtained, higher percentages in oil produced and water reduction were observed in the cases controlled proactively, with a 3.6% increase in oil produced and water reduction of 10.0% for thick-oil rim reservoirs, whereas only a small increment in oil produced(0.7%) and a lower water reduction of 1.03% were observed for the thin-oil rim reservoirs. Hence, the effectiveness of the cresting control procedure depends on the oil column height of the reservoir.

关键词： Homogeneity Capillarity Cresting Breakthrough time