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The Oral Health Status of Person with Special needs in Kumasi

Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第1期14卷 14-31页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi alexander Oti-Acheampong Victoria n. A. boadu Lord J. J. Gowans The Department Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Sciences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana The Department of Community Dentistry School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

background: The most prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide is oral health-related disease, with dental caries and periodontal conditions being common. Oral health status significantly impacts overall health and quality of life. barriers to dental care affect children with special needs. This study evaluates the oral health status and treatment requirements of people with special needs. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study in Kumasi, Ghana examined oral health status among people, 121 children with special needs over two months, in June-July 2022. Dental caries, periodontal changes, malocclusion, and trauma were assessed. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The oral health status among people with special needs in this study was generally moderate, with a range from very good to very poor. The prevalence of dental caries was 37%, with a mean DMFT score of 2.82. Periodontal health showed unsatisfactory indicators such as mobile teeth, poor gingival health, high plaque scores, and the presence of halitosis. Conclusion: This descriptive study aimed to provide baseline data on the oral health status of special needs students in Kumasi, addressing the lack of knowledge in this area. It highlighted the importance of dental care in maintaining good oral health and overall well-being in individuals with special needs. Coordinated efforts by dental professionals are needed to provide dental health education and preventive interventions for these children.

关键词： Special needs Oral Health Dental Caries Periodontal Diseases Malocclusion

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Insights into the hydrogen evolution reaction in vanadium redox flow batteries:A synchrotron radiation based X-ray imaging study

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 132-144页

作者： Kerstin Köble Alexey Ershov Kangjun Duan Monja Schilling alexander Rampf Angelica Cecilia TomášFaragó Marcus Zuber Tilo baumbach Roswitha Zeis Helmholtz Institute Ulm Karlsruhe Institute of Technology89081 UlmGermany Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76131 KarlsruheGermany Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Department of Electrical Electronicsand Communication EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S 3G8OntarioCanada

The parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in the negative half-cell of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFbs)causes severe efficiency ***,a deeper understanding of this process and the accompanying bubble formation is *** benchmarking study locally analyzes the bubble distribution in thick,porous electrodes for the first time using deep learning-based image segmentation of synchrotron X-ray *** large three-dimensional data set was processed precisely in less than one minute while minimizing human errors and pointing out areas of increased HER activity in *** study systematically varies the electrode potential and material,concluding that more negative electrode potentials of-200 m V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)and lower cause more substantial bubble formation,resulting in bubble fractions of around 15%–20%in carbon felt ***,the bubble fractions stay only around 2%in an electrode combining carbon felt and carbon *** detected areas with high HER activity,such as the border subregion with more than 30%bubble fraction in carbon felt electrodes,the cutting edges,and preferential spots in the electrode bulk,are potential-independent and suggest that larger electrodes with a higher bulk-to-border ratio might reduce HER-related performance *** described combination of electrochemical measurements,local X-ray microtomography,AI-based segmentation,and 3D morphometric analysis is a powerful and novel approach for local bubble analysis in three-dimensional porous electrodes,providing an essential toolkit for a broad community working on bubble-generating electrochemical systems.

关键词： Vanadium redox flow battery Synchrotron X-ray imaging Tomography Hydrogen evolution reaction Gas bubbles Deep learning

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A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica: reappraisal of Antarctopelta oliveroi(Ankylosauria: Parankylosauria)

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年

作者： Sergio SOTO ACU?A alexander O.VARGAS Jonatan KALUZA Consejo nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (COnICET) Red Paleontológica U-Chile，Departamento de biología， Facultad de Ciencias， Universidad de Chile Fundación de Historia natural Félix de Azara， Universidad Maimónides Escuela de Geología，Facultad de Ciencias， Ingeniería y Tecnología， Universidad Mayor， Providencia

The first dinosaur discovered in the Antarctic continent was the ankylosaur Antarctopelta oliveroi in the 1980s. nevertheless， since then several hypotheses of phylogenetical relationships have been proposed because these have been depended on how the skeletal remains have been interpreted. The main obstacle for clarifying its phylogenetic position is that many portions of the skeleton remain unknown， in addition to the presence of unknown characters in typical ankylosaurs. Considered an ankylosaurid， nodosaurid， or even a chimaera， a recent proposal based on mostly complete material of a new ankylosaur from Chilean Patagonia provided support for a novel phylogenetic hypothesis: Antarctopelta and other southern ankylosaurs are an early branching clade， the Parankylosauria， whose origin probably dates to the Late Jurassic. In the light of this new view， a redescription of the available skeletal remains is provided together with a new reconstruction of the first Antarctic dinosaur known to the science community.

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A FLEXIbLE ObJECTIVE-COnSTRAInT APPROACH AnD A nEW ALGORITHM FOR COnSTRUCTInG THE PARETO FROnT OF MULTIObJECTIVE OPTIMIZATIOn PRObLEMS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第2期44卷 702-720页

作者： n.HOSEInPOOR M.GHAZnAVI Faculty of Mathematical Sciences Shahrood University of TechnologyShahroodIran

In this article, a novel scalarization technique, called the improved objective-constraint approach, is introduced to find efficient solutions of a given multiobjective programming problem. The presented scalarized problem extends the objective-constraint problem. It is demonstrated that how adding variables to the scalarized problem, can lead to find conditions for (weakly, properly) Pareto optimal solutions. Applying the obtained necessary and sufficient conditions, two algorithms for generating the Pareto front approximation of bi-objective and three-objective programming problems are designed. These algorithms are easy to implement and can achieve an even approximation of (weakly, properly) Pareto optimal solutions. These algorithms can be generalized for optimization problems with more than three criterion functions, too. The effectiveness and capability of the algorithms are demonstrated in test problems.

关键词： multiobjective optimization Pareto front scalarization objective-constraint approach proper efficient solution

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Experimental measurements of gamma-photon production and estimation of electron/positron production on the PETAL laser facility

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 32-47页

作者： F.brun L.Ribotte G.boutoux X.Davoine P.E.Masson-Laborde Y.Sentoku n.Iwata n.blanchot D.batani I.Lantuéjoul L.Lecherbourg b.Rosse C.Rousseaux b.Vauzour D.Raffestin E.D’Humières X.Ribeyre Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications UMR 5107Universitéde Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA33405 TalenceFrance CEA DAMCESTAF-33116 Le BarpFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance CEA LMCEUniversitéParis-Saclay91680 Bruyères-le-ChâtelFrance Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

This article reports the first measurements of high-energy photons produced with the high-intensity PETawatt Aquitaine Laser(PETAL)*** experiments were performed during the commissioning of the *** laser had an energy of about 400 J,an intensity of 8×10^(18)W cm^(−2),and a pulse duration of 660 fs(FWHM).It was shot at a 2 mm-thick solid tungsten *** high-energy photons were produced mainly from the bremsstrahlung process for relativistic electrons accelerated inside a plasma generated on the front side of the *** paper reports measurements of electrons,protons and *** electrons up to35 MeV with a few-MeV temperature were recorded by a spectrometer,called SESAME(SpectreÉlectronS Angulaire MoyenneÉnergie).K-and L-shells were clearly detected by a photon spectrometer called SPECTIX(Spectromètre PetalàCristal en TransmIssion pour le rayonnnement X).High-energy photons were diagnosed by CRACC-X(Cassette de RAdiographie Centre Chambre-rayonnement X),a bremsstrahlung *** cannon analysis is strongly dependent on the hypothesis adopted for the spectral *** shapes can exhibit similar reproductions of the experimental *** eliminate dependence on the shape hypothesis and to facilitate analysis of the data,simulations of the interaction were *** model the mechanisms involved,a simulation chain including hydrodynamic,particle-in-cell,and Monte Carlo simulations was *** simulations model the preplasma generated at the front of the target by the PETAL laser prepulse,the acceleration of electrons inside the plasma,the generation of MeV-range photons from these electrons,and the response of the detector impacted by the energetic photon *** this work enabled reproduction of the experimental *** high-energy photons produced have a large emission angle and an exponential distribution *** addition to the analysis of the photon spectra,positron production was also ***,if high

关键词： process. positron hypothesis

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Impact of exercise on markers of b cell-related immunity:A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 339-352,I0002页

作者： David Walzik Sergen belen Karen Wilisch Marie Kupjetz Silvana Kirschke Tobias Esser niklas Joisten alexander Schenk Sebastian Proschinger Philipp Zimmer Division of Performance and Health(Sports Medicine) Institute for Sport and Sport ScienceTU Dortmund UniversityDortmund 44227Germany

background:b cells represent a crucial component of adaptive immunity that ensures long-term protection from infection by generating pathogen-specific *** alters b cell counts and immunoglobulin levels,but evidence-based conclusions on potential benefits for adaptive immunity are *** systematic review assessed current literatures on the impact of acute exercise and exercise training on b cells,immunoglobulins,and markers of secretory immunity in human ***:According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,MEDLInE,Web of Science,and Embase were searched on March 8,***-randomized controlled trials and crossover trials investigating the impact of acute exercise or exercise training on b cell counts and proportions,immunoglobulin levels,salivary flow rate,or secretory immunoglobulin A secretion rate were *** and reporting of exercise training studies were assessed using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and reporting in *** characteristics,outcome measures,and statistically significant changes were summarized ***:Of the 67 eligible studies,22 applied acute exercise and 45 applied exercise *** included outcomes revealed significant alterations over time in acute exercise and exercise training context,but only a few investigations showed significant differences compared to control *** and plasma immunoglobulin A levels were most consistently increased in response to exercise ***:b cell-related outcomes are altered by acute exercise and exercise training,but evidence-based conclusions cannot be drawn with high confidence due to the large heterogeneity in populations and exercise ***-designed trials with large sample sizes are needed to clarify how exercise shapes b cell-related immunity.

关键词： Antibody b-lymphocyte Exercise Humoral immunity Immune system

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Advancements in assessing soil health through functional traits and energy flow analysis of soil

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第2期6卷 21-30页

作者： Jingnan Zhang Shiyu Li Elly Morrien neil b.McLaughlin Shixiu Zhang School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China State Key Laboratory of black Soils Conservation and Utilization Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChineseAcademy of SciencesChangchun 130012China Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130012China Institute of biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics(IbED-ELD) Department of Ecosystem and Landscape DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHA msterdamThe Netherlands Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawa K1AoC6Canada University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejing 100049China

We examined the development of soil nematodes ecological indices from the perspective off *** found that soil nematode energy flow analyses based on multiple functional traits quantify the dynamics of energy flow across multipletrophic levels to provide a more comprehensive *** conducted comparative analyses of the sensitivities of nMF and energy flow to verify that the energy flow analyses are more sensitive and have greater potential to reveal soil health and ecosystem *** in-depth studies of functional traits and energy flow analysis can help us achieve informed soil management practices,sustainable agriculture,*** Tess CT nematode ecological index based on functional traits:MI El,S,bI,C1 nMF bongen.1990 Ferrisetal,2001 Ferris,2010 energs low analysis of soil nematodes Compare thecological index(nMf)and bacterivores(ba)Functional traits Energy flux Fungihores(Fn)rahn Soilnematodes latitude Lindicator Plant-parasites(PP)PF Energflus Soilhealth Omnivores-predators(oP)latitude Energy flow analysis of soil nematodes:by quantifying energy fux among trophic groups barbes et al.,2014,2018 This paper examines the development of ecological indices for soil nematodes from the perspective of functional *** emphasizes the increasing significance of integrating multiple functional traits to achieve a more accurate assessment of soil *** indices based on life history strategies,feeding habits,and body size provide useful tools for assessing soil ***,these indices do not fully capture the dynamics ofenergyflow across multiple-trophic levels inthesoil foodweb,which is critical fora deeperunderstanding of the intrinsic properties of soil *** combining functional traits such as functional group,body size,feeding preference and metabolic rate,nematode energy flow analyses provide a more comprehensive *** approach establishes a direct correlation between changes

关键词： soil nematodes soil health nematodefoodweb functional traits energyflux

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Old-growth mixed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biomass and standing carbon over forty years

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera Champika bandara Tithira Lakkana Shanika Jayasinghe David Woodbury Arun Dayanandan b.M.P.Singhakumara Xiangcheng Mi I.A.U.n.Gunatilleke C.V.S.Gunatilleke Mark SAshton Department of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest School Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Department of Forestry and Environmental Science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China botany Department University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

background:no studies have documented long-term trends in aboveground biomass(AGb)for mixed-dipterocarp forests(MDF),the dominant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to document such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower montane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m×25 m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient,identified as mature old-growth *** measured trees for diameter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific *** re-measured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGb for all sites combined to be 517.52 Mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 Mg·ha^(-1).no differences exist among sites in AGb primarily because of considerable within site variation;but interactions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform,one remained about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGb with the top five species comprising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,Mesua nagassarium,represented a disproportionately large amount of AGb and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estimating AGb and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to demonstrate varying but overall,declining trends in amounts of AGb among forests making predictions of biomass and standing carbon in MDF difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

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Contributions to the knowledge of Antarctodon sobrali(Mammalia:Astrapotheria)from the Eocene of Antarctica

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 48-62页

作者： Javier n.GELFO Consejo nacional de Investigaciones Científicasy Técnicas(COnICET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina División Paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La PlataFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La PlataUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina

The Astrapotheria constitutes one of the five orders of extinct South American native ungulates,with a fossil record that also extends to the Eocene of the Antarctic *** contrast to the abundant specimens known for litoptern Sparnotheriodontidae and metatherians,astrapotheres are represented by scant remains assigned to the endemic Antarctodon sobrali and indeterminate astrapotheres,restricted to levels 35C_(u0)and 35n of the Cucullaea I Allomember of the La Meseta *** discovery of alower molar assignable to this species in the Eocene levels of Seymour(Marambio)Island,enables a revision of the diagnosis and the homologies of the dental characters used to describe this taxon.A reanalysis of its phylogenetic relationships reveals the nearly simultaneous presence of basal astrapotheres in the early Eocene of Itaboraí(brazil),Patagonia,and West *** taxa are characterized by lacking dental specializations usually associated with more abrasive diets like terminal forms of Uruguaytheriinae and *** appears to have thrived on the Antarctic continent during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum within the paleoclimatic context of a hot-house *** present conditions in Antarctica where no terrestrial mammals inhabit,the early Eocene climate was characterized by warmer temperatures and a biologically diverse environment rich in primary producers,dominated by nothofagus forests,encompassing both deciduous and evergreen forests,which supported a diverse assemblage of continental vertebrates.

关键词： Astrapotheria Antarctodon Eocene Seymour Island La Meseta Formation

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Academic productivity correlates with industry earnings in foot and ankle fellowship programs in the United States:A retrospective analysis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 129-138页

作者： Albert T Anastasio Anthony n baumann Kempland C Walley Kyle J Hitchman Conor O’neill Jonathan Kaplan Samuel b Adams Department of Orthopedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27710United States College of Medicine Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOH 44272United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States School of Osteopathic Medicine Campbell UniversityLillingtonNC 27546United States

bACKGROUnD The study investigates the connection between academic productivity and industry earnings in foot and ankle orthopedic surgery *** metrics like the H-index and Open Payments Database(OPD)data,it addresses a gap in understanding the relationship between scholarly achievements and financial outcomes,providing a basis for further exploration in this specialized medical *** To elucidate the trends between academic productivity and industry earnings across foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowship programs in the United *** This study is a retrospective analysis of the relationship between academic productivity and industry earnings of foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships at an individual faculty and fellowship *** productivity was defined via H-index and recorded from the Scopus *** earnings were recorded from the *** Forty-eight foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships(100%of fellowships)in the United States with a combined total of 165 physicians(95.9%of physicians)were *** individual physician(n=165)total life-time earnings reported on the OPD website was United States Dollar(USD)451430.30±1851084.89(range:USD 25.16-21269249.85;median:USD 27839.80).Mean physician(n=165)H-index as reported on Scopus is 14.24±12.39(range:0-63;median:11).There was a significant but weak correlation between individual physician H-index and individual physician total life-time earnings(Pn’s rho=0.334)and a significant and moderate positive correlation between combined fellowship H-index and total life-time earnings per fellowship(P=0.004,Spearman’s rho=0.409).COnCLUSIOn There is a significant and positive correlation between academic productivity and industry earnings at foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships in the United *** observation is true on an individual physician level as well as on a fellowship level.

关键词： Sunshine act Foot and ankle Orthopedic surgery Orthopedic fellowship Industry earnings

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