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Healthcare utilization and costs associated with gastroparesis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第24期23卷 4428-4436页

作者： Vaibhav Wadhwa Dhruv Mehta Yash Jobanputra Rocio Lopez Prashanthi n Thota Madhusudhan R Sanaka Department of Internal Medicine Fairview HospitalCleveland Clinic Department of Internal Medicine Westchester Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Digestive Disease InstituteCleveland Clinic Center for Advanced Endoscopy Digestive Disease InstituteCleveland Clinic

To use a national database of United States hospitals to evaluate the incidence and costs of hospital admissions associated with gastroparesis. METHODSWe analyzed the national Inpatient Sample Database (nIS) for all patients in whom gastroparesis (ICD-9 code: 536.3) was the principal discharge diagnosis during the period, 1997-2013. The nIS is the largest publicly available all-payer inpatient care database in the United States. It contains data from approximately eight million hospital stays each year. The statistical significance of the difference in the number of hospital discharges, length of stay and hospital costs over the study period was determined by regression analysis. RESULTSIn 1997, there were 3978 admissions with a principal discharge diagnosis of gastroparesis as compared to 16460 in 2013 (P n length of stay for gastroparesis decreased by 20 % between 1997 and 2013 from 6.4 d to 5.1 d (P ng this period the mean hospital charges increased significantly by 159 % from $13350 (after inflation adjustment) per patient in 1997 to $34585 per patient in 2013 (P national bill”) for gastroparesis increased exponentially by 1026 % from $50456642 ± 4662620 in 1997 to $568417666 ± 22374060 in 2013 (P ntage of national bill for gastroparesis discharges (national bill for gastroparesis/total national bill) has also increased over the last 16 years (0.0013% in 1997 vs 0.004% in 2013). During the study period, women had a higher frequency of gastroparesis discharges when compared to men (1.39/10000 vs 0.9/10000 in 1997 and 5.8/10000 vs 3/10000 in 2013). There was a 6-fold increase in the discharge diagnosis of gastroparesis amongst type 1 DM and 3.7-fold increase amongst type 2 DM patients over the study period (P nCLUSIOnThe number of inpatient admissions for gastroparesis and associated costs have increased significantly over the last 16 years. Inpatient cost

关键词： Inpatient admission rates Gastroparesis Cancer epidemiology national inpatient database

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Banana Xanthomonas wilt dynamics with mixed cultivars in a periodic environment Juliet

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2020年第1期13卷 141-162页

作者： n.nakakawa Joseph Y.T.Mugisha Michael W.Shaw Eldad Karamura Mathematics Department Makerere University P.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of Reading Agriculture BuildingWhiteknights.Reading RG66ARUK Bioversity International P.O.Box 24384Plot 106 Katalima RoadNaguruKampalaUganda

In this paper,we study a deterministic model with non-autonomous system for mixed cultivars to assess the effect of cultivar susceptibility and seasonal variation on banana Xanthomonas wilt(BXW)disease dynamics.A special case of two cultivars classified as highly susceptible for inflorescence infection(ABB)and less susceptible(AAA)cultivar is *** basic reproduction number corresponding to the non-autonomous system is derived and numerically computed to determine disease *** showed that the disease dies out whenever the periodic basic reproduction number is less than unity and a periodic solution is obtained when it is greater than *** further showed that for both cultivars,the basic reproduction number increases with increasing values of the transmission rates and declines exponentially with increasing values of roguing *** critical roguing rate of ABB-genome cultivar was higher than that of AAA-genome *** peaks in disease prevalence indicate the importance of effective implementation of controls during the rainy *** conclude that highly susceptible cultivars play an important role in the spread of BXW and control measures should be effectively implemented during the rainy season if BXW is to be eradicated.

关键词： Banana Xanthomonas wilt non-autonomous system cultivars periodic basic reproduction number.

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Comparative studies for the fractional optimal control in transmission dynamics of West nile virus

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2017年第7期10卷 75-105页

作者： n. H. Sweilam O.M.Saad D. G. Mohamed Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Helwan University Cairo Egypt

In this paper, optimal control for a novel West nile virus （WnV） model of fractional order derivative is presented. The proposed model is governed by a system of fractional differential equations （FDEs）, where the fractional derivative is defined in the Caputo sense. An optimal control problem is formulated and studied theoretically using the Pon- tryagin maximum principle. Two numerical methods are used to study the fractional- order optimal control problem. The methods are, the iterative optimal control method （OCM） and the generalized Euler method （GEM）. Positivity, boundedness and conver- gence of the IOCM are studied. Comparative studies between the proposed methods are implemented, it is found that the IOCM is better than the GEM.

关键词： West nile virus fractional optimal control generalized Euler method Caputo's fractional derivative Griinwald-Letnikovs definition iterative optimal controlmethod Pontryagin's maximum principle.

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Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on hypersensitivity in acute recurrent caerulein-induced pancreatitis and microglial activation along the brain’s pain circuitry

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第9期27卷 794-814页

作者： Sabrina L McIlwrath Marlene E Starr Abigail E High Hiroshi Saito Karin n Westlund Research Service New Mexico Veterans Affairs Healthcare SystemAlbuquerqueNM 87108United States Department of Surgery University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536United States College of Liberal Arts University of TexasAustinTX 78712United States Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine University of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States

BACKGROUnD Acute pancreatitis(AP)and recurring AP are serious health care problems causing excruciating pain and potentially lethal outcomes due to *** validated caerulein-(CAE)induced mouse model of acute/recurring AP produces secondary persistent hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behavioral changes for *** To determine efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine(ALC)to reduce pain-related behaviors and brain microglial activation along the pain circuitry in *** Pancreatitis was induced with 6 hly intraperitoneal(i.p.)injections of CAE(50μg/kg),3 d a week for 6 wk in male C57BL/6J *** in week 4,mice received either vehicle or ALC until experiment’s *** hypersensitivity was assessed with von Frey *** hypersensitivity was determined with the hotplate ***-like behavior was tested in week 6 using elevated plus maze and open field *** activation in brain was quantified histologically by immunostaining for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba1).RESULTS Mice with CAE-induced pancreatitis had significantly reduced mechanical withdrawal thresholds and heat response latencies,indicating ongoing *** with ALC attenuated inflammation-induced hypersensitivity,but hypersensitivity due to abdominal wall injury caused by repeated intraperitoneal injections *** with pancreatitis displayed spontaneous anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze compared to *** with ALC resulted in increased numbers of rearing activity events,but time spent in“safety”was not *** all the abdominal injections,pancreata were translucent if excised at experiment’s end and opaque if excised on the subsequent day,indicative of spontaneous *** mortem histopathological analysis performed on pancreas sections stained with Sirius Red and Fast Green identified wide-spread fibrosis and acinar cell atrophy in sections from mice with CAE-induced pancreatitis that was no

关键词： Acute recurrent pancreatitis neuropathic pain Mechanical hypersensitivity Heat hypersensitivity Anxiety-like behavior Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1

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Elevated temperature compressive deformation behavior of 2024Al matrix composite reinforced by sub-micro Al_2O_3 particles

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2005年第S2期15卷 270-275页

作者：栾佰峰武高辉孙东立张强苟华松 n.Kouno School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

The compressive behavior of sub-micro Al2O 3P （40%, volume fraction）/2024Al composite was investigated within the temperature range from 270℃ to 620℃ under various strain rates from 0.00042s -1 to 0.14s -1. Results show that the critical compression reduction of the composite presents a saddle law under the combined influence of temperature and strain rate. That means the composites exhibit better deformation ability at higher temperature with higher strain rate （445℃, 0.14s -1） or at lower temperature with lower strain rate （320℃, 0.0042s -1）.

关键词： composite Al2O3 particle compressive deformation critical compression reduction saddle law deformation mechanism

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Saving energy using synthetic lubricating oils: A case study

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Science China Mathematics 2001年第S1期44卷 156-162页

作者： KristianTφnDER Terje n ■SS■n norwegian University of Science and Technology Dept.of Machine Design and Materials TechnologyRichard Birkelandsv.2BN-7491 TrondheimNorway Mobil Oil norge DA Oslo.Norway

IT has been suggested that the use of synthetic oil lubricant may lower the energylosses in large bearings. Such claims are often based on the interpretation of temperature meas-urements in the lubricant and/or bearings of heavily loaded rotating machinery. Lower tempera-tures have been observed in synthetic oils as compared to mineral ones even when the bearingsare operating at the same film thickness. This has been attributed to intrinsic lubricating propertiesof certain synthetic *** the present paper temperatures and film thicknesses in large bearings in a hydroelectricpower station were monitored and recorded simultaneously. The results for a synthetic lubricantand a mineral oil were compared. The temperature readings were indeed rather different - that ofthe synthetic oil was several degrees C lower than for the mineral oil. Both had been recom-mended for the actual application, giving virtually identical film shapes and thickness in the twocases.A study of the behaviour of the bearings and the temperature differences, based upon Rey-nolds’ equation and simple heat balance considerations, showed that the lower temperature of thesynthetic lubricant was caused by its higher heat capacity, but gave no indication of the existenceof a special lubricating property.

关键词： lubrication synthatic lubricants energy saving

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Performance analysis of cognitive radio networks using channel-prediction-probabilities and improved frame structure

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Digital Communications and networks 2018年第4期4卷 287-295页

作者： Prabhat Thakur Alok Kumar S.Pandit G.Singh S.n.Satashia Department of Electronics and Communication.Engineering Jaypee University of Information TechnologyWahnaghnt173215India Space Application Centre Indian Space Research OrgonizntionAbrnedobad380015India

This paper focuses on potential issues related to the random selection of a sensing channel that occurs after the prediction phase in a Cognitive Radio network (CRn).A novel approach (Approach-l)for improved selection is proposed,which relies on the probabilities of channels by which they are predicted ***,closed-form expressions are derived for the throughput of Cognitive Users (CUs)in the conventional and proposed approaches. In addition to this,a fimdamental approach for computing the prediction probabilities is also ***, a new challenging issue named "sense and stuck"was observed in the conventional *** proposed approach is validated by comparing the results achieved with the results of the conventional ***, to achieve the prediction probabilities,the pre-channel-state-information is a prerequisite,but it may be unavailable for particular scenarios;therefore,a modified selection method is introduced to avoid the sense and stuck *** algorithm to evaluate the throughput using the random,improved,and modified selection methods is presented with its space and time ***,for additional improvement in the throughput of the CU,a new frame structure is introduced,in which the spectrum prediction and sensing periods are exploited for simultaneous transmission of data via the underlay spectrtun access technique (Approach-2).The simulated results of Approach-2 are compared with our pre-obtalned results of Approach-I,which confirm significant improvement in the throughput.

关键词： Cognitive radio Interweave Prediction Spectrum accessing Throughput Underlay

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Development of Chlorella pyrenoidosa EMS mutants with enhanced biomass and lipid content for biofuel production

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2023年第4期3卷 693-701页

作者： M.Vidya Vani P.Osman Basha n.Rajesh K.Riazunnisa Department Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Yogi Vemana UniversityKadapaAndhra Pradesh 516005India Department Genetics and Genomics Yogi Vemana UniversityKadapaAndhra Pradesh 516005India

Biodiesel production from microalgae depends on algal biomass production through autotrophic cultivation,and it has a lot of potential as a feasible alternative source of *** lethal and mutagenic effects of ethyl methanesulphonate(EMS)are investigated in the present study on the organism Chlorella pyrenoidosa for the generation of paler *** *** wild-type strain was treated with 0.1,0.2,and 0.5 M EMS doses and the colonies that appeared after 20 days of growth on a solid TAP medium were analyzed,and a total of two mutant colonies with less pigmentation were *** CPM1(10.02±0.03 and 3.12±0.04µg/ml)and CPM2(9.55±0.0 and 32.84±0.03µg/ml)mutants had lower chloro-phyll a and b and carotenoids content than wild *** produced significant biomass(1.34-and 1.31-fold enhanced biomass in CPM1 and CPM2)and lipid content than the wild *** findings suggest that genetic modification of *** has the potential to produce strains with increased biomass productivity and lipid content for biofuel production.

关键词： Chlorella pyrenoidosa Random mutagenesis Ethyl methanesulphonate(EMS) Chlorophyll mutants

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Biomechanics of ankle giving way:A case report of accidental ankle giving way during the drop landing test

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第5期8卷 494-502页

作者： Yumeng Li Jupil Ko Shuqi Zhang Cathleen n.Brown Kathy J.Simpson Department of Kinesiology California State UniversityChicoCA 95928USA Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training Northern Arizona UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA Department of Athletic Training and Kinesiology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Department of Kinesiology University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA

Background:Several case studies observed that the lateral ankle sprain resulted from a sudden increase in ankle inversion accompanied by internal ***,without sufficient ankle kinetics and muscle activity information in the literature,the detailed mechanism of ankle sprain is still *** purpose of our case report is to present 2 accidental ankle giving way incidents for participants with chronic ankle instability(CAI)and compare to their normal trials with data of kinematics,kinetics,and electromyography(EMG).Case description:Two young female participants accidentally experienced the ankle giving way when landing on a 25°lateral-tilted force plate.3 D kinematics,kinetics,and muscle activity were recorded for the lower *** comparisons were made between the giving way trials and normal trials for joint angles,angular velocities,moments,centers of pressure and EMG linear ***:One participant’s giving way trial displayed increased ankle inversion and internal rotation angles in the pre-landing phase and at initial contact compared to her normal *** participant’s giving way trial exhibited greater hip abduction angles and delayed activation of the peroneus longus muscle in the pre-landing phase versus her normal ***:A vulnerable ankle position(i.e.,more inverted and internally rotated),and a late activation of peroneus activity in the pre-landing phase could result in the ankle giving way or even sprains.A neutral ankle position and early activation of ankle evertors before landing may be helpful in preventing ankle sprains.

关键词： Chronic ankle instability EMG Kinematics Kinetics Lateral anlde sprain

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Development and evaluation of low-altitude remote sensing systems for crop production management

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第4期9卷 1-11页

作者： Yanbo Huang Steven J.Thomson Howard J.Brand Krishna n.Reddy United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceCrop Production Systems Research UnitStoneville 38776USA United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and AgricultureDivision of Agricultural SystemsWashington DC 20024USA Virginia Tech Department of Mechanical EngineeringBlacksburg 24061USA

Precision agriculture accounts for within-field variability for targeted treatment rather than uniform treatment of an entire *** is built on agricultural mechanization and state-of-the-art technologies of geographical information systems(GIS),global positioning systems(GPS)and remote sensing,and is used to monitor soil,crop growth,weed infestation,insects,diseases,and water status in farm fields to provide data and information to guide agricultural management *** agriculture began with mapping of crop fields at different scales to support agricultural planning and decision *** the development of variable-rate technology,precision agriculture focuses more on tactical actions in controlling variable-rate seeding,fertilizer and pesticide application,and irrigation in real-time or within the crop season instead of mapping a field in one crop season to make decisions for the next crop *** the development of aerial variable-rate systems,low-altitude airborne systems can provide high-resolution data for prescription variable-rate *** systems for multispectral imaging using a number of imaging sensors(cameras)were *** aerial vehicles(UAVs)provide a unique platform for remote sensing of crop fields at slow speeds and low-altitudes,and they are efficient and more flexible than manned agricultural airplanes,which often cannot provide images at both low altitude and low speed for capture of high-quality *** are also more universal in their applicability than agricultural aircraft since the latter are used only in specific *** study presents the low-altitude remote sensing systems developed for detection of crop stress caused by multiple ***,as a special platform,were discussed for crop sensing based on the researchers'studies.

关键词： low-altitude remote sensing agricultural airplane unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) crop production management precision agriculture

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