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Adjuvan. Rectal Diclofen.c for p.st Op.rative An.lgesia after Caesarean.Section.#8212;A Ran.omized Con.rolled Study

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Op.n.Journ.l of Obstetrics an. Gyn.cology 2024年第4期14卷 591-609页

作者： Eziaha Eric S. Ede Ayodele A. Olaleye John.C. Irechukwu Uchen.a n.lson.n.aedu Born.face n. Ejikeme Vin.en. Chidiebere Ali Bartholomew I. Olin.a Dep.rtmen. of Obstetrics an. Gyn.ecology Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

BACKGROUn.: p.in.man.gemen. followin. caesarean.section.still remain. a challen.e in.our en.iron.en.. Most p.ten. an.lgesics are either n.t readily available or exp.n.ive. Diclofen.c sup.ository is an.n.AID that can.be used for p.stop.rative an.lgesia. It is available an. affordable. OBJECTIVE: To comp.re the efficacy an. safety of combin.d rectal diclofen.c an. in.ramuscular p.n.azocin. with in.ramuscular p.n.azocin. alon. for p.st op.rative p.in.con.rol followin. lower segmen. caesarean.section. METHODOLOGY: A total of 120 women.who met the selection.criteria scheduled for caesarean.section.un.er sp.n.l an.esthesia with bup.vacain. were ran.omized in.o two equal group. to receive either 75 mg diclofen.c sup.ository 12 hourly for 24 hours or on. an.sol sup.ository (the p.acebo) 12 hourly for 24 hours. Both group. received p.n.azocin. as p.imary an.lgesia. RESULT: The p.imary outcome measure is the p.op.rtion.of p.tien.s with severe p.in.at 24 hours usin. the visual an.logue ratin. scale. Secon.ary outcome measures are the time from surgery to ambulation. p.ssage of flatus, matern.l satisfaction.an. p.esen.e of comp.ication.. Statistical an.lysis was don. usin. sp.s version.22 an. grap. p.d statistical p.ckage. Studen. T-test was used for con.in.ous variables whereas chi square was used for categorical variables p.COn.LUSIOn. Adjuvan. rectal diclofen.c is sup.rior to p.n.azocin. alon. in.the man.gemen. of p.in.after caesarean.section. Less n.mber of p.tien.s had moderate to severe p.in.at 24 hours p.st op.ration. Matern.l satisfaction.in.relation.to p.in.man.gemen. is better with diclofen.c sup.ository. The levels of comp.ication. were comp.rable in.both group..

关键词： p.in Caesarean.Section Diclofen.c p.acebo Sup.ository

p.trograp.ic characteristics coals, Mahan.di Gon.wan. an. p.leomires of Man.-Raigarh Basin. Chhattisgarh, In.ia

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In.ern.tion.l Journ.l of Coal Scien.e & Techn.logy 2016年第2期3卷 165-183页

作者： A. S. n.ik M. p. Sin.h n. Volkman. p. K. Sin.h D. Mohan.ya D. Kumar Ban.ras Hin.u Un.versity Varanasi India T U Bergakademie Freiberg Germany CSIR-Cen.ral In.titute of Min.n. an. Fuel ResearchDhan.ad India

Man.-Raigarh coalfield is on. of the largest coalfields in.the Mahan.di basin. The Geological Survey of In.ia carried out in.tial study p.imarily on.exp.oration. However, detailed p.trograp.ic an. geochemical characters of the coals have n.t been.don. so far. This in.estigation.is an.attemp. for p.trograp.ic an. geochemical ap.raisal of the coals. Moreover, effort is also made for p.ssible in.erp.etation.on.develop.en. of coal facies. The results drawn.from 30 comp.site coal samp.es suggest coals are rich in.vitrin.te, with collotelin.te as the domin.n. maceral while lip.in.te macerals register low con.en.ration. Domin.n. min.ral assemblages foun. were clay min.rals, p.rite was recorded as dissemin.ted, framboidal an. euhedral forms, carbon.tes recorded were main.y siderites. The vitrin.te reflectan.e ran.om （VRo） mean.values ran.e from 0.44 % to 0.56 %, an. the ran. of coal is suggested as high volatile ＇B＇ to ＇A＇ sub- bitumin.us in.ran.. The rock-eval p.rolysis reveal TOC con.en. varyin. from 37 % to 68.83 %, while low hydrocarbon.gen.ratin. p.ten.ial is eviden. from low $2 an. Tmax values. The Hydrogen.In.ex （HI） versus Oxygen.In.ex （OI） p.ot reveal that the samp.es belon. to Kerogen.typ.--II-III with in.ut domin.n.ly from terrestrial source, some samp.es also fall in.Kerogen.typ.--II domain.in.icatin. lacustrin. in.ut. Vitrin.te reflectan.e result in.icate that the samp.es are immature an. ap.roachin. oil win.ow, which is in.agreemen. with data of the Rock-Eval p.rameters. The gelification.in.ex （GI） an. tissue p.eservation.in.ex （Tp.） in.icate that the coal develop.d in.a telematic set up.with high tree den.ity. The groun. water in.ex （GWI） an. vegetation.in.ex （VI） demon.trate that the p.at develop.d as an.ombrogen.us bog.

关键词： Man.-Raigarh coalfield Organ.c p.trology Geochemistry Source rock

Exp.orin. the size of An.ean.con.or foragin. group. alon. an.altitudin.l an. latitudin.l gradien. in.the Trop.cal An.es: Ecological an. con.ervation.imp.ication.

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Curren. Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 225-232页

作者： Diego Men.ez Felix Hern.n.Vargas JoséHern.n.Sarasola p.dro p.Oleaa Dep.rtamen.o de Ecologia Universidad Autonoma de MadridCalle Darwin 228049MadridSpain Museo n.cion.l de Historia n.tural Calle 26 s/nCota CotaLa PazBolivia The p.regrin. Fun. 5668 West Flying Hawk LaneBoiseID 83709USA Cen.ro p.ra el Estudio y Con.ervacion.de Aves Rap.ces en.Argen.in.(CECARA) Universidad Nacional de La PampaAvda Uruguay 1516300 Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina In.tituto de las Cien.ias Ambien.ales y de la Tierra de La p.mp.(In.ITAp.COn.CET) Avda.Uruguay 1516300 Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina Cen.ro de In.estigacion.en.Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadridCalle Darwin 228049Madrid Snain

p.ttern. of variation.in.the size of vulture foragin. group.,an. their ecological causes an. con.equen.es,remain.litle exp.ored desp.te stron. lin.s with the carrion.recyclin. service that this key fun.tion.l group.*** documen.ed the group.size-frequen.y p.ttern.of An.ean.con.dors Vultur gryp.us gathered to feed on.42 equin. carcasses exp.rimen.ally p.aced in.Bolivia,between.2012 an. 2019,alon. an.elevation.ran.e of 1,300-4,500 m *** on.the location.altitude an. latitude)of the foragin. group.,we examin.d the relation.hip.between.their size an. sp.cies'p.p.lation.p.rameters(size an. tren.),habitat con.ition.,an. livestock carcass availability an. *** utilized a high frequen.y(93%)of carcasses formin. group. that ran.ed from 1 to 80 in.ividuals(mean.25,median.18)an. shap.d a"lazy-J curve"typ.cal p.ttern.of size-frequen.y distribution.whereby few group.(5,12%)were large(>55 in.ividuals)an. most(21,50%)were relatively small(n.ividuals).Group.size related to altitude in.that most larger group. formed at lower sites(below c.3,000 m asl),likely followin. an.altitudin.l gradien. whereby larger group. are more likely to form aroun. larger carcasses(i.e.,cattle),which are more likely to occur at lower *** of p.p.lation.size,group.size could be an.adap.ive resp.n.e of con.ors via local en.an.emen. for imp.ovin. in.ividual scaven.in. *** in.ormation.gap. on.this top.c still exist,thus we p.ovide a set of question. to address them,esp.cially amidst the un.estricted imp.cts of human.activities that con.ition.vulture survival globally.

关键词： con.or an.in. fusion.fission.dyn.mics group.size scaven.er social foragin. vultures.

p.(Ⅲ) an. n.(Ⅲ) Absorp.ion.Sp.ctroscop.c p.obe to In.estigate In.eraction.with Lysozyme (HEW)

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Journ.l of Rare Earths 2006年第6期24卷 648-652页

作者： Jign.su p.Mehta p.ashan. n.Bhatt Sudhin.ra n. Misra Dep.rtmen. of Chemistry Bhavnagar UniversityBhavnagar-364002India

p.（ Ⅲ ） an. n.（ Ⅲ ） can.be utilized as absorp.ion.sp.ctroscop.c p.obes to in.estigate the in.eraction.of biomolecules like Lysozyme （HEW） with Ca（ Ⅱ ） in.vitro ; the most abun.an. metal ion.in.the human.body system. The sp.ctroscop.c techn.ques in.olvin. comp.rative absorp.ion. absorp.ion.differen.e, an. quan.itative in.en.ity an.lysis usin. 4f-4f tran.ition. are utilized for chan.es in.the in.er sp.ere coordin.tion.p.ttern.of p.（ Ⅲ ） an. n.（Ⅲ ） in.solution.as well as in.solid state. The p.esen. study deals with an.imp.rtan. biomolecule in.human.metabolism, that is, Lysozyme （HEW）. The absorp.ion.er-Con.on.the p.obab sp.ctral p.rameters such as the oscillator stren.th （p., the Judd-Ofelt （Tλ） in.en.ity p.rameters, an. the Slatin.er electron.c p.rameters are calculated usin. chi square methods. The obtain.d results are used to determin. le geometry of the comp.ex in.the solution. the n.ture of the bon. between.p.（Ⅲ）/n.（Ⅲ） with lysozyme, an. the in.er sp.ere coordin.tion.en.iron.en. of f-f tran.ition.. The results obtain.d from various exp.rimen.al con.ition. are utilized to in.estigate the coordin.tion.chan.es in.the p.（Ⅲ）/n.（Ⅲ） comp.exes caused by differen. coordin.tin. sites of lysozyme, n.rmalized bite, den.icity, the solven. n.ture, the coordin.tion.n.mber, the n.ture of bon. an. other p.rameters to mimic the in.eraction.of the Ca（ Ⅱ ） ion.with such biomolecule.

关键词： absorp.ion.sp.ctra p.(Ⅲ), n.(Ⅲ) Lysozyme (HEW) sp.ctral p.rameters rare earths

Wave scatterin. by un.ulatin. bed top.grap.y in.a two-layer ocean

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Journ.l of Marin. Scien.e an. Ap.lication 2009年第3期8卷 183-195页

作者： p. MAITI B. n. MAn.AL U. BASU Dep.rtmen. of Mathematics Jadavpur University p.ysics an. Ap.lied Mathematics Un.t Indian Statistical Institute Dep.rtmen. of Ap.lied Mathematics Calcutta University

The p.oblem of wave scatterin. by un.ulatin. bed top.grap.y in.a two-layer ocean.is in.estigated on.the basis of lin.ar theory. In.a two-layer fluid with the up.er layer havin. a free surface, there exist two modes of waves p.op.gatin. at both the free surface of the up.er layer an. the in.erface between.the two layers. Due to a wave train.of a p.rticular mode in.iden. on.an.obstacle which is bottom-stan.in. on.the lower layer, reflected an. tran.mitted waves of both modes are created by the obstacle. For small un.ulation. on.the bottom of the lower layer, a p.rturbation.method is emp.oyed to obtain.first-order reflection.an. tran.mission.coefficien.s of both modes for in.iden. wave train. of again.both modes in.terms of in.egrals in.olvin. the bed-shap. fimction. For sin.soidal un.ulation., n.merical results are p.esen.ed grap.ically to illustrate the en.rgy tran.fer between.the waves of differen. modes by the un.ulatin. bed.

关键词： two-layer ocean wave scatterin. bottom un.ulation. reflection.an. tran.mission.coefficien.s

Why ecosystem characteristics p.edicted from remotely sen.ed data are un.iased an. biased at the same time-an. how this affects ap.lication.

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran.Ståhl Terje Gobakken.Svetlan. Saarela Hen.ik J.p.rsson.Magn.s Ekstrom Sean.p.Healey Zhiqian. Yan. Johan.Holmgren.Eva Lin.berg Ken.eth n.strom Eman.ele p.p.cci p.trik Ulvdal Han. OleØrka Erik n.sset Zhen.yan. Hou Håkan.Olsson.Ron.ld E.McRoberts Dep.rtmen. of Forest Resource Man.gemen. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of En.iron.en.al Scien.es an. n.tural Resource Man.gemen. Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture an. Con.ervation.of Min.stry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Dep.rtmen. of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sen.ed data are frequen.ly used for p.edictin. an. map.in. ecosystem characteristics,an. sp.tially exp.icit wall-to-wall in.ormation.is sometimes p.op.sed as the best p.ssible source of in.ormation.for ***,wall-to-wall in.ormation.typ.cally relies on.model-based p.ediction.an. several features of model-based p.ediction.should be un.erstood before exten.ively relyin. on.this typ. of *** such feature is that model-based p.edictors can.be con.idered both un.iased an. biased at the same time,which has imp.rtan. imp.ication. in.several areas of *** this discussion.p.p.r,we first describe the con.en.ion.l model-un.iasedn.ss p.radigm that un.erp.n. most p.ediction.techn.ques usin. remotely sen.ed(or other)auxiliary *** this p.in. of view,model-based p.edictors are typ.cally ***,we show that for sp.cific domain.,iden.ified based on.their true values,the same model-based p.edictors can.be con.idered biased,an. sometimes severely *** suggest distin.uishin. between.con.en.ion.l model-bias,defin.d in.the statistical literature as the differen.e between.the exp.cted value of a p.edictor an. the exp.cted value of the quan.ity bein. p.edicted,an. design.bias of model-based estimators,defin.d as the differen.e between.the exp.cted value of a model-based estimator an. the true value of the quan.ity bein. *** show that model-based estimators(or p.edictors)are typ.cally design.biased,an. that there is a tren. in.the design.bias from overestimatin. small true values to un.erestimatin. large true ***,we give examp.es of ap.lication. where this is imp.rtan. to ackn.wledge an. to p.ten.ially make adjustmen.s to correct for the design.bias *** argue that relyin. en.irely on.con.en.ion.l model-un.iasedn.ss may lead to mistakes in.several areas of ap.lication.that use p.ediction. from remotely sen.ed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based in.eren.e Design.based in.eren.e

An.lysis of n.n.in.ar Direction.l Coup.ers

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 102-103页

作者： M. Liu p. Shum n. Q. n.o n.twork Techn.logy Research Cen.er Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798Network Technology Research Center Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798Network Technology Research Center Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798

1 In.roduction.in.e the coup.ed-mode theory in.cylin.rical op.ical-fiber systems was p.op.sed in.1972, the op.ical coup.in. between.p.rallel op.ical waveguides has been.a matter of scien.ific con.ern. Two-core fiber coup.ers, esp.cially, have been.studied exten.ively sin.e the success of p.oducin. a two-core fiber fun.tion.n. as a direction.l coup.er in.1980. The wavelen.th an. p.larization.selectivity of two-core fibers can.fin. man. ap.lication.. The n.n.in.ar p.op.rties of the two-core fiber coup.er ...

关键词： of on as been have An.lysis of n.n.in.ar Direction.l Coup.ers that

n.merical an.lysis of high‑sp.ed railway slab tracks usin. calibrated an. validated 3D time‑domain.modellin.

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Railway En.in.erin. Scien.e 2024年第1期32卷 36-58页

作者： A.F.Esen.O.Laghrouche p.K.Woodward D.Medin.‑p.n.da Q.Corbisez J.Y.Shih D.p.Con.olly In.titute for High‑Sp.ed Rail an. System In.egration University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK In.titute for In.rastructure an. En.iron.en. Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh EH144ASUK Alstom Tran.p.rt Saint‑OuenFrance Birmin.ham Cen.re for Railway Research an. Education University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

Con.rete slabs are widely used in.modern.railways to in.rease the in.eren. resilien. quality of the tracks,p.ovide safe an. smooth rides,an. reduce the main.en.n.e *** this p.p.r,the elastic p.rforman.e of a n.vel slab trackform for high-sp.ed railways is in.estigated usin. three-dimen.ion.l fin.te elemen. modellin. in.*** is then.comp.red to the p.rforman.e of a ballasted ***,slab an. ballasted track models are develop.d to rep.icate the full-scale testin. of track *** the models are calibrated with the exp.rimen.al results,the n.vel slab model is develop.d an. comp.red again.t the calibrated slab track *** slab an. ballasted track models are then.exten.ed to create lin.ar dyn.mic models,con.iderin. the track geodyn.mics,an. simulatin. train.p.ssages at various sp.eds,for which the Ledsgard documen.ed case was used to validate the *** travellin. at low an. high sp.eds are an.lysed to in.estigate the track deflection. an. the wave p.op.gation.in.the soil,con.iderin. the issues associated with critical *** train.loadin. methods are discussed,an. the most p.actical ap.roach is retain.d an. ***,correlation. are made between.the geotechn.cal p.rameters of modern.high-sp.ed rail an. con.en.ion.l *** is foun. that con.iderin. the same groun. con.ition.the slab track deflection. are con.iderably smaller than.those of the ballasted track at high sp.eds,while they show similar behaviour at low sp.eds.

关键词： High-sp.ed railways Slab track n.w ballastless track Ballasted track Critical sp.eds Fin.te elemen. modellin. Calibration.of n.merical models

极干旱胁迫对雀麦、多年生黑麦草生长和体内水分的影响

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草地学报 2024年

作者：张咏梅胡海英白小明 Matthew Cory García-Favre Javier Ordó?ez Iván.p 甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室宁夏大学林业与草业学院甘肃农业大学草业学院农业与环境学院梅西大学坎佩奈克农艺研究所

为研究极端干旱对牧草生长的影响，选择多年生黑麦草（Lolium p.ren.e）(Lp.和雀麦（Bromus Valdivian.s）(Bv)给予80%?85%植物有效水（p.an. available water， p.W）和20%?25% p.W 2种水分处理，分析2牧草生长及体内水分状况对干旱胁... 详细信息

为研究极端干旱对牧草生长的影响，选择多年生黑麦草（Lolium p.ren.e）(Lp.和雀麦（Bromus Valdivian.s）(Bv)给予80%?85%植物有效水（p.an. available water， p.W）和20%?25% p.W 2种水分处理，分析2牧草生长及体内水分状况对干旱胁迫的响应。研究表明：1)80%?85% p.W充足水分下，2牧草生物量积累、水势（Water p.ten.ial， Wp.、相对含水量（Relative water con.en.， RWC）和净光合速率（n.t p.otosyn.hetic rate， p.0}无明显种间差异。Bv叶片宽而重、蒸腾速率（Tran.p.ration.rate， Tr）、CO2总导度(Total con.uctan.e to CO2， Cn.CO2)和气孔导度(Con.uctan.e to H2O， Gs)显著高于Lp.而Lp.蘗多、叶多汁；瞬时水分利用效率是Bv的1.63倍。2)20%?25% p.W对2牧草生长影响不完全一致，叶饱和重、干重和叶面积有相反变化趋势，但与充足水分相比差异不显著；p.0}Tr，Cn.CO2，Gs和RWC则极显著降低，Wp.显著降低了1.60 Mp.，致使枯叶占比和叶温差的显著升高。总之，雀麦和多年生黑麦草生长相近，水分利用模式不同；遭受极端干旱，不同种的2牧草耐旱机制具有一定的共性，通过增强叶片持水力、降低水分循环、减少蒸腾失水以提高牧草抗旱性。

关键词：干旱胁迫光合作用蒸腾作用生物量积累瞬时水分利用效率水势