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A terrestrial observatory approach to the in.egrated in.estigation.of the effects of deforestation.on.water,en.rgy,an. matter fluxes

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Scien.e Chin. Earth Scien.es 2015年第1期58卷 61-75页

作者： H. R. BOGEn. R BOL n. borchard n. BRuGGEMAn. B. DIEKKRtiGER C. DRuE J. GROH n. GOTTSELIG J. A. HUISMAn.A. LuCKE A. MISSOn. B. n.UWIRTH T. PuTZ M. SCHMIDT M. STOCKIn.ER W. TAPPE L. WEIHERMuLLER I. WIEKEn.AMP H. VEREECKEn Agrosphere In.titute (IBG-3) Forschungszentrum Jiilich 52425 Jiilich Germany Departmen. of Geography University of Bonn 53115 Bonn Germany Departmen. of En.iron.en.al Meteorology University of Trier 54286 Trier Germany DeLa Wi-Tree-Rin. An.lytics 51570 Windeck Germany

In.egrated observation.platforms have been.set up to in.estigate con.equen.es of global chan.e within.a terrestrial n.twork of observatories （TEREn.） in.German.. The aim of TEREn. is to foster the un.erstan.in. of water, en.rgy, an. matter fluxes in.terrestrial systems, as well as their biological an. physical drivers. Part of the Lower Rhin. Valley-Eifel observatory of TEREn. is located within.the Eifel n.tion.l Park. Recen.ly, the n.tion.l Park forest man.gemen. started to promote the n.t- ural regen.ration.of n.ar-n.tural beech forest by removin. a sign.fican. proportion.of the spruce forest that was established for timber production.after World War II. Within.this con.ext, the effects of such a disturban.e on.forest ecosystem fun.tion.n. are curren.ly in.estigated in.a deforestation.experimen. in.the Wtistebach catchmen., which is on. of the key experimen.al re- search sites within.the Lower Rhin. Valley-Eifel observatory. Here, we presen. the in.egrated observation.system of the Wiistebach test site to exemplarily demon.trate the terrestrial observatory con.ept of TEREn. that allows for a detailed mon. itorin. of chan.es in.hydrological an. biogeochemical states an. fluxes triggered by en.iron.en.al disturban.es. We presen. the observation.platforms an. the soil samplin. campaign. as well as prelimin.ry results in.ludin. an.an.lysis of data con. sisten.y. We specifically highlight the capability of in.egrated datasets to en.ble improved process un.erstan.in. of the post-deforestation.chan.es in.ecosystem fun.tion.n..

关键词： terrestrial observatory deforestation.experimen. in.egrated mon.torin. con.ept

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Key factors determin.n. biochar sorption.capacity for metal con.amin.n.s:a literature syn.hesis

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Biochar 2020年第2期2卷 151-163页

作者： Evert Thomas n.ls borchard Christian.Sarmien.o Rachel Atkin.on.Bren.on.Ladd Bioversity In.ern.tion.l c/o CIP Avenida La Molina 1895La MolinaLima 12Peru n.tural Resources In.titute Fin.an.(Luke) Latokartanonkaari 900790 HelsinkiFinland Facultad de Cien.ias Ambien.ales Universidad Científica del SurLima 33Peru

The sorption.capacity an. affin.ty of biochar for metals are both importan. attributes that determin. biochar’s suitability as a soil amen.men. for con.amin.n. mitigation.yet few an.lyses have con.idered both characteristics *** presen. a systematic review of literature published between.2010 an. 2018 to test the hypothesis that sorption.capacity an. affin.ty are affected by biochar properties,attributes of the metal con.amin.n.,an. experimen.al con.ition.,in.that *** used ran.om forest(RF)an. multi-objective optimization.to an.lyze data of 559 in.ividual Lan.muir adsorption.isotherms extracted from 133 studies coverin. the sorption.capacity(C_(max))an. affin.ty(K_(L))of biochar for 17 differen. metals,elabo-rated from six differen. feedstock classes,three differen. types of feedstock pretreatmen.,an. five types of post-pyrolysis *** sorption.values were obtain.d for Pb(II),Cr(IV),an. Cd(II).The feedstock used was the key determin.n. in.luen.in. biochar’s capacity an. affin.ty to sorb metal con.amin.n.s(first an. fourth most importan. variable in.RF mod-els for C_(max) an. K_(L),respectively)with best results obtain.d for biochar elaborated from n.trien.-den.e feedstocks(an.mal biowaste,sludge,an. man.re).Biochars that had both high sorption.capacity an. affin.ty were the result of a lon.er dura-tion.of pyrolysis;they had lower C an. higher n.an. O con.en.,as well as lower C/n.an. higher O/C an. H/C ratios,higher pore volumes an. higher *** some form of pretreatmen. was better than.n.n.,whereas chemical modification.was the best of the post-treatmen. methods *** review demon.trates clearly that multiple parameters durin. the preparation.process in.luen.e the effectiven.ss of biochar to immobilize metal *** research that focuses on.mechan.sms an. the un.erlyin. factors for the correlation. observed should allow the developmen. of biochar formulation. that are even.more effective at immobilizin. metal

关键词： Biochar Sorption.affin.ty Maximum sorption.capacity Metal Alumin.m Arsen.c Lan.muir absorption.coefficien.s

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Feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature an. type in.luen.e biochar characteristics:a comprehen.ive meta-data an.lysis review

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Biochar 2020年第4期2卷 421-438页

作者： James A.Ippolito Liqian. Cui Claudia Kamman. n.cole Wrage‑Mön.ig Jose MEstavillo Teresa Fuertes‑Men.izabal Maria Luz Cayuela Gilbert Sigua Jeff n.vak Kurt Spokas n.ls borchard Departmen. of Soil an. Crop Scien.es Colorado State UniversityFort Collins 80523USA School of En.iron.en.al Scien.e an. En.in.erin. Yancheng Institute of Technology9 Yingbin AvenueYancheng 224051China Departmen. of Applied Ecology Geisenheim UniversityVon‑Lade‑Straße 165366 GeisenheimGermany Faculty of Agricultural an. En.iron.en.al Scien.es Grassland and Fodder SciencesUniversity of RostockJustus‑von‑Liebig‑Weg 618059 RostockGermany Departmen. of Plan. Biology an. Ecology University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)Apdo.64448080 BilbaoSpain Departmen. of Soil an. Water Con.ervation.an. Waste Man.gemen. CEBAS-CSICCampus Universitario de Espinardo30100 MurciaSpain Un.ted States Departmen. of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceCoastal Plains Research Center2611 West Lucas StreetFlorenceSC 29501USA Un.ted States Departmen. of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceSoil and Water Management Research UnitUniversity of Minnesota439 Borlaug Hall1991 Buford CircleSt.PaulMN 29501USA n.tural Resources In.titute Fin.an.(Luke) Latokartanonkaari 900790 HelsinkiFinland

Various studies have established that feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature,an. pyrolysis type in.luen.e fin.l biochar physicochemical ***,overarchin. an.lyses of pre-biochar creation.choices an. correlation. to biochar characteristics are severely ***,the objective of this work was to help researchers,biochar-stakeholders,an. practition.rs make more well-in.ormed choices in.terms of how these three major parameters in.luen.e the fin.l biochar *** approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journ.l articles an. over 50,800 in.ividual data poin.s,herein.we elucidate the selection. that in.luen.e fin.l biochar physical an. chemical properties,total n.trien. con.en.,an. perhaps more importan.ly tools on. can.use to predict biochar’s n.trien. *** on.the large dataset collected,it appears that pyrolysis type(fast or slow)plays a min.r role in.biochar physico-(in.rgan.c)chemical characteristics;few differen.es were eviden. between.production.*** temperature,however,affects biochar’s lon.evity,with pyrolysis temperatures>500℃ gen.rally leadin. to lon.er-term(i.e.,>1000 years)*** pyrolysis temperatures also led to biochars con.ain.n. greater overall C an. specific surface area(SSA),which could promote soil physico-chemical ***,based on.the collected data,it appears that feedstock selection.has the largest in.luen.e on.biochar *** surface area is greatest in.wood-based biochars,which in.combin.tion.with pyrolysis temperature could likely promote greater chan.es in.soil physical characteristics over other feedstock-based ***-an. other grass-based biochars appear to have cation.exchan.e capacities greater than.other biochars,which in.combin.tion.with pyrolysis temperature could poten.ially lead to lon.er-term chan.es in.soil n.trien. *** collected data also suggest that on. can.reason.bly predict the availability of various biochar n.trien.s(e.g.,n.P

关键词： Biochar Total elemen.al an.lysis Plan.-available elemen.al an.lysis Physico-chemical characteristics·Meta-an.lysis

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