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Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (VDPV) in Democratic Republic of Congo from 2018 to 2023

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第3期14卷 459-470页

作者： Jean Blaise Yobo Iyala Comlan Cyriaque Degbey n’kpingou nadakou Ounoussa Tapha Eveline Soclo Moise Gimiko Fabrice Mawa Chaltin Ambanga Riziki Yogolelo Désiré Ekanga Jean Claude Onema Institut Rgional de Sant Publique (IRSP) Universit Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Ouidah Bnin Programme Elargi de Vaccination (PEV) Kinshasa Congo Institut One Health Pour lAfrique (InOHA) Universit de Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo Comit des Oprations dUrgence POLIO (COUP) Kinshasa Congo Institut national des Recherches Biomdicales (InRB) Kinshasa Congo Ministre de la Sant Publique Hygine et Prvention Kinshasa Congo

Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been facing outbreaks of VDPV since 2017. These wild poliovirus variants are responsible for poliomyelitis, which is in the process of eradication.. In the following lines, we try to show the evolution of VDPV cases across the country in order to understand their chronological dynamics and seasonal influence. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of of VDPV notified in the DRC from 2018 to 2023. Maps of the spatial dynamics of VDPV cases were produced from attack rates with QGIS® (3.22.8). As for temporal dynamics, time series were decomposed and presented in the form of graphs showing the chronological evolution of VDPV cases and their seasonal trend, using R.4.0 software package. Results: A total of 1196 Cases of VDPV types 1, 2 and 3 were recorded in the biological confirmation databases of the InRB and the Expanded Program of Immunization during the study period across25 provinces. The eastern part of the country reporting the most cases. The general trend is upwards, with a peak in 2022 of 527 cases, whereas in 2021 there was a notable drop of 31 cases. Analysis of the temporal breakdown suggests a seasonal pattern, with peaks between the months of September and December, considered being rainy periods in some provinces. Conclusion: During the 6 years of our study (2018 - 2023) almost all the Health Zones were hit by VDPV epidemics. The eastern part was the most impacted. The seasonal component is well marked suggesting a rise in detection in the rainy season and during pivotal periods of climate change.

关键词： Temporal Spatial Dynamic Poliovirus Vaccine

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Extension of Chemoprevention of Seasonal Malaria to Five Cycles and to Children from the Age of 6 to 9 Years in Africa: Analysis of Its Acceptability, Feasibility, Cost and Impact A Systematic Review

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 74-86页

作者： n’kpingou Théodore nadakou Moussiliou noel Paraïso Ounoussa Tapha Mahamane Moustapha Lamine Jean Blaise Yobo Salifou Ibrahim Alkassoum Fidel Tossou Hamidou Ramatoulaye Lazoumar Eric Omar Adehossi Regional Instutte of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Ouidah Benin Pratical Institute of Public Health (IPSP) Niamey Niger Andre Salifou University of Zinder (UAS) Zinder Niger ABDOU Moumouni University of niamey (UAM) Niamey Niger Medical and Health Researche Center (CERMES) Niamey Niger

Introduction: Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) aims at preventing malaria in children during the high transmission season. It has been recommended by the WHO since 2013 for children from the age of 3-59 months. However, despite the impact of this intervention, a peak in the prevalence and incidence of malaria is observed in children from the age of 5-9 years. The aim of this study is to determine from the current literature the feasibility, impact and cost-effectiveness of extending SMC to five cycles and to older children. Methods: A litterature search of PubMed/Medline, nCBI and Google scholar identified 1333 articles. After reading the titles and abstracts by two authors, 24 articles were selected and submitted for full reading. Random control studies on the extension of SMC, malaria, feasibility of SMC, impact of SMC and cost-effectiveness of SMC were selected. A total of 16 articles were included for the qualitative synthesis after excluding 8 studies. Results: Following the summary of the evidence, we conclude that the extension is feasible but will be confronted with the unavailability of older children. The intervention period coincides with field work. SMC is effective in reducing the prevalence and incidence of malaria and the parasite density in children. The financial cost of administering SMC is lower than that of treating a child suffering from malaria. Conclusion: After analysing the information, it was found that the majority of the African population supports the extension of the SMC to the number of cycles and the age group in order to alleviate the high mortality and morbidity rates among children due to malaria.

关键词： SMC Feasibility Impact Profitability and Africa

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