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基于MaxEnt模型模拟肯尼亚茜草科河骨木属植物的潜在分布及其在植物志中的应用初探

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植物科学学报 2020年第5期38卷 636-643页

作者：周亚东 mwangi brian njoroge Ndungu John Mbari 王生位胡光万王青锋中国科学院武汉植物园武汉430074 中国科学院中-非联合研究中心武汉430074 中国科学院大学北京100049

物种分布模型目前被广泛应用于生物学、生态学和保护生物学的各个领域。该文以肯尼亚茜草科河骨木属(Afrocanthium)为例,利用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)模拟植物在当前气候情景下的潜在分布,并将这些分布图利用于正在编写的《肯尼亚植物志》中... 详细信息

物种分布模型目前被广泛应用于生物学、生态学和保护生物学的各个领域。该文以肯尼亚茜草科河骨木属(Afrocanthium)为例,利用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)模拟植物在当前气候情景下的潜在分布,并将这些分布图利用于正在编写的《肯尼亚植物志》中。结果显示,基于足够的原始标本记录,模型能够很好地模拟出每种植物的潜在分布区域。相比传统和新一代植物志仅提供标本信息点或是粗略分布图,《肯尼亚植物志》预采用的潜在分布图,将为志书使用者提供更加全面、实用的信息。

关键词：物种分布模型气候因子 MaxEnt模型肯尼亚植物志

Variation of morphological and leaf stoichiometric traits of two endemic species along the elevation gradient of Mount Kenya, East Africa

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第6期13卷 785-792页

作者： Antony N.Waigwa brian njoroge mwangi Gituru R.Wahiti Fred Omengo Yadong Zhou Qingfeng Wang Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center(SAJOREC) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyJujaNairobi 00200Kenya Department of Biodiversity Research Kenya Wildlife ServiceNairobi 00100Kenya Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center(SAJOREC) Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China

Aims The aim of this paper is to assess morphological and leaf stoichiometric responses of Dendrosenecio keniensis and Lobelia gregoriana to extreme environmental conditions along an elevation gradient in tropical *** In this study,we assessed the variation of the morphological traits,including plant height,leaf area,leaf thickness,leaf dry weight,specific leaf area and the leaf stoichiometry traits nitrogen,carbon and phosphorous of the two endemic species *** and *** further explored the relations of these morphological traits to soil organic carbon,soil total nitrogen,soil phosphorous,annual mean temperature,annual mean precipitation,annual total solar radiation,water vapor pressure and the topographic variables aspect,slope and hill shade along the elevation *** 10 m×10 m sampling plots were set up along the elevation gradient ranging from 3500 to 4300 *** used 1 km×1 km grid cells to rasterize our study area in ArcGIS 10.5 for easy access to data pertaining to the climate of each elevation *** performed linear regression of the morphological and leaf stoichiometric traits with elevation as explanatory *** conducted correlation analysis on the morphological and leaf stoichiometric traits with climatic,soil and topographic variables along the elevation *** Findings Dendrosenecio keniensis had wool-like pubescent leaves while *** had mucilage packed succulent and waxy cuticle leaves to avoid *** species exhibited reduced metabolic rates as shown by the low leaf phosphorous *** results also showed that changes in morphology and leaf stoichiometry were determined by a combination of climate,soil and topographic variables that change along elevation on Mount *** observed variations in the morphological and leaf stoichiometric traits of *** and ***,which grow side by side along the elevation gradient,were interpreted as adaptation to the harsh en

关键词： Africa elevation gradient functional traits adaptability climate change

Prevalence and Endoscopic Findings of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Infection among Dyspeptic Patients in Kenya

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2020年第4期10卷 233-242页

作者： Catherine N. mwangi Stephen njoroge Allan Rajula Ahmed Laving Rose Kamenwa Smita Devani Andrew Nyerere Gunturu Revathi Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology School of Medicine Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology The Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya Department of Medical Microbiology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic human infections worldwide with the highest reported prevalence in Africa. It is associated with numerous upper gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Endoscopic findings in the stomach usually associated with Helicobacter pylori infections include gastritis and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), however, these findings are suggestive but not diagnostic of Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted between January 2018 and February 2019 at the Aga Khan University Hospital where dyspeptic patients scheduled for gastroduodenoscopy were enrolled. These patients were evaluated for Helicobacter pylori infection by rapid urease test, culture and histopathology. Diagnostic findings and patient history collected from medical files were documented and data analyzed. Results: A total of 487 dyspeptic patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were enrolled in the study and 199 dyspeptic patients were posi

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Dyspepsia Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Histopathological Examination

Evaluation of the TbgI_(2) and TbgI_(17) Tandem Repeat Antigens as Potential Antigens for the Diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2019年第4期9卷 152-163页

作者： Vanessa Irumva Rebecca Waihenya Anne Wanjiru mwangi Peter Kipkemboi Satoshi Kaneko Tonny Teya Joanne Jepkemei Caroline njoroge Joseph Wambugu Gitari Matthew Mutinda Munyao Robinson MIrekwa Murima Ng’ang’a Samson Muuo Nzou Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Pan-African University Institute of Basic SciencesTechnology and InnovationNairobiKenya Zoology Department Jomo Kenyatta University for Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute Project NairobiKenya Production Department-Kenya Medical Research Institute NairobiKenya Institute of Tropical Medicine Eco-Epidemiology DepartmentNagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases.Ministry of Health NairobiKenya Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research InstituteBusiaKenya

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) affects up to half a million people every year in sub-Saharan Africa. Interruption of transmission of the disease by early diagnosis and treatment is core to the control and eventual elimination of HAT. The routine diagnostic method for HAT is light microscopy of blood samples. The present study sought to evaluate the potential of TbgI2 and TbgI17 tandem repeat antigens as candidates for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. The expressed proteins were purified and the antigenic reactivity evaluation was done using multiplex assay using sera obtained from HAT patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that recombinant antigen, TbgI2 had high sensitivity for sera from patients infected with T. b. rhodesiense with the area under the curve being 0.577 and a sensitivity of 0.641 and specificity 0.650. The results suggest that TbgI2 is a potential biomarker for T. b. rhodesiense HAT serodiagnostic tests.

关键词： Human African Trypanosomiasis TbgI2 TbgI17 Antigens Diagnosis Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Isolation and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第2期14卷 66-83页

作者： Albina Makio Robinson Mugasiali Irekwa Matthew Mutinda Munyao Caroline Wangui njoroge Peter Kipkemboi Rotich Tonny Teya Nyandwaro Joanne Jepkemei Yego Anne Wanjiru mwangi James Hungo Kimotho Ronald Tanui Vincent Rutto Samson Muuo Nzou Center for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Center for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Production Department Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa Center for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

The discovery of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019 raised global health warnings. Quickly, in 2020, the virus crossed borders and infected individuals across the world, evolving into the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, early signs of the virus’s existence were observed in various countries before the initial outbreak in Wuhan. As of 12th of April, the respiratory disease had infected over 762 million people worldwide, with over 6.8 million deaths recorded. This has led scientists to focus their efforts on understanding the virus to develop effective means to diagnose, treat, prevent, and control this pandemic. One of the areas of focus is the isolation of this virus, which plays a crucial role in understanding the viral dynamics in the laboratory. In this study, we report the isolation and detection of locally circulating SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya. The isolates were cultured on Vero Cercopithecus cell line (CCL-81) cells, RNA extraction was conducted from the supernatants, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genome sequencing was done to profile the strains phylogenetically and identify novel and previously reported mutations. Vero CCL-81 cells were able to support the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and mutations were detected from the two isolates sequenced (001 and 002). Genome sequencing revealed the circulation of two isolates that share a close relationship with the Benin isolate with the D614G common mutation identified along the S protein. These virus isolates will be expanded and made available to the Kenya Ministry of Health and other research institutions to advance SARS-CoV-2 research in Kenya and the region.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Whole Genome Sequencing Phylogenetic Analysis Nucleotide Substitutions Amino Acid Changes

Investigation of Plasmodium falciparum Resistance Biomarkers among Primary School Children in Western Kenya

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2022年第2期12卷 43-53页

作者： Otilmoi Poul Stephen Tonny Teya Nyandwaro Robinson Mugasiali Irekwa Rebecca Wanjiku Waihenya Matthew Mutinda Munyao Peter Kipkemboi Rotich Caroline Wangui njoroge Anne Wanjiru mwangi Joanne Jepkemei Yego Nicole Sian Tanchu Dawala Koromtili Oumar Grace Ngendo Kanyita Primrose Muthoni Ndungu Samson Muuo Nzou Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Pan-African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Innovation Technology Transfer Department Kenya Medical Research Institute (ITTD-KEMRI) Nairobi Kenya Zoology Department School of Biological Sciences College of Pure and Applied Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Production Department KEMRI Nairobi Kenya Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Biotechnology Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Background: A marked decrease in malaria-related deaths worldwide has been attributed to the administration of effective antimalarials against Plasmodium falciparum. However, the continuous spread of P. falciparum resistance to anti-malarial drugs is raising a serious problem in controlling Malaria to the vulnerable children’s immune system. In recent studies, Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 propeller gene (Pfk13) has been reported to develop resistance to artemisinin in South Asia. In this study, we checked Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene (Pfcrt) involved in chloroquine (CQ) resistance. Method: In this study, archived 280 samples were collected from Alupe primary school children in Busia, Western Kenya from May, 2016 to November, 2016. Genomic DNA was extracted using the MightyPrep reagent. The samples were investigated for P. falciparum positivity out of which 67 of them tested positive giving a prevalence rate of 24%. The sixty-seven were subjected to PCR amplification for the molecular marker resistance to Pfcrt. After PCR amplification, the amplicons were purified and sequenced using Sanger Sequencing. The sequence data were analyzed using BioEdit software to identify point mutations. Results: 14 samples sequences were analyzed on Bioedit software giving the following amino acid changes F76C, Y66H, L70A, Y58C, T59V, V65I, P67L, T81L, Y60S, Y66S, P67T and I71F). New mutations have been reported at position 76 leading to an amino acid change, one of Pfcrt gold standard biomarkers. However, amino acid changes Y66H, L70A, Y58C, T59V, V65I, P67L, T81L, Y60S, Y66S, P67T and I71F are newly reported giving an increase in Pfcrt prevalence of concern from zero to 5.0%. A phylogenetic evolutionary relationship was constructed as shown below. Generally, the results showed a continuous resistance of *** to Pfcrt which calls for robust continuous monitoring and surveillance. Conclusion: Due to the increase of the resistant Pfcrt gene pre

关键词： P. falciparum Chloroquine Drug Resistance Malaria P. falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter Gene Mutations

Expression and Evaluation of Wb-SXP-1 and Wb-123 Recombinant Antigens as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Lymphatic Filariasis

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2023年第2期13卷 95-112页

作者： Sharlene Kerubo Mageto Rebecca Wanjiku Waihenya Anne Wanjiru mwangi Peter Kipkemboi Rotich Matthew Mutinda Munyao Tonny Teya Robinson Mugasiali Irekwa Joanne Jepkemei Yego Caroline Wangui njoroge Grace Ng’endo Kanyita Nicole Sian Tanchu Dawala Koromtili Oumar Primrose Muthoni Ndungu Samson Muuo Nzou Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Pan-African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Zoology Department Jomo Kenyatta University for Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) Nairobi Kenya Production Department Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Biotechnology Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Department of Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) remains a public health concern as it can cause permanent morbidity and disability to those infected. While the global elimination of LF in these endemic areas is ongoing through mass drug administration, there is the need to develop diagnostic tools that would be utilized to track the progress of total global eradication as well as perform surveillance for the recurrence of lymphatic filariasis transmission. Currently, approved LF diagnosis tools are faced with lack of specificity, low sensitivity, and periodicity dependence. Recombinant filarial antigen-based assays can address these drawbacks and offer practical instruments for LF diagnosis and surveillance. This present study, evaluated rWb-SXP-1 and rWb-123 antigens as potential diagnostic biomarker tools for Wuchereria banchrofti in human sera using microspheres-based multiplex serological assay. Based on statistical analysis using XLSTAT 2019 (Addinsoft) on data generated from multiplex technology assay, generated ROC curves for both rWb-SXP-1 and rWb-123 demonstrated 87.1% sensitivity to Wuchereria banchrofti human sera with rWb-SXP-1 antigens having the highest specificity of 96%. Indication that rWb-SXP-1 and rWb-123 antigens are capable of detecting immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibodies in human sera synthesized specifically against W. banchrofti infections. Therefore, rWb-SXP-1 and rWb-123 antigens can be utilized to detect W. banchrofti infections by antibody profiling with excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity using microsphere-based multiplex serological tests. This method can be particularly practical for screening a large number of sera samples and/or for quick, extensive field-testing due to the high-throughput and quick formats applied.

关键词： Lymphatic Filariasis Recombinant Antigens Diagnosis

Use of Polyclonal Antibody for the Diagnosis of Human African Trypanosomiasis

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2023年第2期13卷 127-139页

作者： Dawala Koromtili Oumar Matthew Mutinda Munyao Anne Wanjiru mwangi Rebecca Wanjiku Waihenya Peter Kipkemboi Rotich Robinson Mugasiali Irekwa Tonny Teya Nyandwaro Caroline Wangui njoroge Joanne Jepkemei Yego Primrose Muthoni Ndungu Sharlene Kerubo Mageto Damaris Mutethya Kilei Otilmoi Poul Stephen Nicole Sian Tanchu Grace Ngendo Kanyita Shingo Inoue Lucy Gitau Samson Muuo Nzou Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Pan-African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute Project Nairobi Kenya Production Department Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Zoology Department Jomo Kenyatta University for Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Microbiology Jomo Kenyatta University for Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Biotechnology Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), commonly known as sleeping sickness is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which is fatal if left untreated. Its diagnosis is a challenge since the signs and symptoms of the primary phase are not specific, the existing diagnostic methods have low sensitivity and specificity, and the available drugs have some toxicity. New, robust, and cost-effective techniques are needed for the early identification of parasites. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of two different types of polyclonal antibodies against T. b. gambiense using antigen detection ELISA. Polyclonal antibodies against the expressed proteins Tbg I2 and Tbg I17 were produced using New Zealand white rabbits. The antibody titer measured was greater than 32 g/L after the 3rd immunization for the expressed protein Tbg I2. For the expressed protein Tbg I17, the antibody titer measured was greater than 32 g/L after the 4th immunization. The sensitivity and specificity of the Tbg I2 polyclonal antibody confirmed with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as gold standard were respectively 89.5% and 80.6%, while for the Tbg I17 polyclonal antibody, the sensitivity and specificity were respectively 92.1% and 88.9%. The area under the curve for the Tbg I2 polyclonal antibody was 0.90 ± 0.032, while for the Tbg I17 polyclonal antibody, the area under the curve was 0.92 ± 0.0. The Tbg I17 polyclonal antibody produced in New Zealand white rabbits has good sensitivity and good specificity;it can be successfully used in the diagnosis of HAT.

关键词： Human African Trypanosomiasis Polyclonal Antibody Tbg I2 Expressed Protein Tbg I17 Expressed Protein Sensitivity Specificity