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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 158-164页

作者： murray alan potter Charlotte Jane Minson Roger Graham Lentle Ecology Group Institute of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand nstitute of Food Nutrition and Human Health Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand.

Direct and dendrographic comparison of the profiles of abundant fatty acids in depot fat was unable to separate 10 avian species on a basis of their overall proportions but was able to distinguish broad dietary groups or those in a habitat with distinctive nutritional characteristics such as avian marine carnivores. In all species considered, including North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli), oleic (C18:1) and palmitic acids (C16:0) were most abundant. The relative proportions of linolenic (C18:3) acid were 4% or lower across all species, while the relative proportions of palmitoleic acid (C18:0) were less than 7% in nine of the avian species, with the exception being the insectivorous red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceous). The levels of linoleic acid (C18:2) were lower in avian marine carnivores than in avian herbivores, insectivores, and omnivores. Whilst the mean values of the individual fatty acids in fat from various avian species were separated by hierarchical cluster analysis, the wide range of values of each fatty acid precluded any correlation of clustering with any known variation in dietary items. Similarly, the wide range in fatty acid composition of kiwi fat rendered it unhelpful in determining the optimum composition of the captive diet.

关键词： Fatty Acids Composition Depot Fat Diet Apteryx mantelli Avian

Single nucleotide polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene affects inflammatory bowel diseases risk

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第29期14卷 4652-4661页

作者： Lynnette R Ferguson Claudia Huebner Ivonne Petermann Richard B Gearry murray L Barclay Pieter Demmers alan McCulloch Dug Yeo Han Discipline of Nutrition the University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand Department of Gastroenterology Christchurch HospitalChristchurch 8140 New Zealand Crop and Food Research Mosgiel 9053 New Zealand AgResearch Limited Mosgiel 9053 New Zealand

AIM: To investigate the role that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene play in the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in a New Zealand population, in the context of international studies. METHODS: DNA samples from 388 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 405 ulcerative colitis (UC), 27 indeterminate colitis (IC) and 201 randomly selected controls, from Canterbury, New Zealand were screened for 3 common polymorphisms in the TNF-α receptor: -238 G→A, -308 G→A and -857C→T, using a TaqmanR assay. A meta-analysis was performed on the data obtained on these polymorphisms combined with that from other published studies. RESULTS: Individuals carrying the -308 G/A allele had a significantly (OR = 1.91, χ2 = 17.36, P < 0.0001) increased risk of pancolitis, and a 1.57-fold increased risk (OR = 1.57, χ2 = 4.34, P = 0.037) of requiring a bowel resection in UC. Carrying the -857 C/T variant decreased the risk of ileocolonic CD (OR = 0.56, χ2 =4.32, P = 0.037), and the need for a bowel resection (OR = 0.59, χ2 = 4.85, P = 0.028). The risk of UC was reduced in individuals who were smokers at diagnosis, (OR = 0.48, χ2 = 4.86, P = 0.028). CONCLUSION: TNF-α is a key cytokine known to play a role in inflammatory response, and the locus for the gene is found in the IBD3 region on chromosome 6p21, known to be associated with an increased risk for IBD. The -308 G/A SNP in the TNF-α promoter is functional, and may account in part for the increased UC risk associated with the IBD3 genomic region. The -857 C/T SNP may decrease IBD risk in certain groups. Pharmaco- or nutrigenomic approaches may be desir- able for individuals with such affected genotypes.

关键词： Tumour necrosis factor alpha Singlenucleotide polymorphisms Inflammatory boweldiseases Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis

Pattern of respiratory-induced changes in fingertip blood volume measured by light transmission

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2011年第8期4卷 529-534页

作者： Meir Nitzan Daniel Dayan Eran Shalom Yuval Slovik alan murray 不详

Respiratory-induced fluctuations in heart rate and arterial blood pressure have been intensively investigated, but there is little information on the effect of respiration on peripheral blood volume. In the current study, blood volume changes in the finger, obtained by light transmission measurements, were measured during regular breathing (6 s periods) and long breathing (12 s periods). Respiratory chest-circumference changes were simultaneously measured in order to associate the pattern of tissue blood volume change with the respiratory cycle. Sixteen subjects were studied, and in fourteen finger blood vol ume increased during inspiration and decreased during expiration in the long-breathing periods. In all 14 subjects the start of blood volume decrease was significantly delayed from the start of expiration by mean ± SD 1.00 ± 0.65 s (p < 0.001, range 0 - 2.3 s). The start of blood volume increase was significantly delayed from the end of expiration by 3.45 ± 1.76 s (p < 0.005). In eight, finger blood volume started to increase more than 2 s before the start of inspiration. For the 6 s breathing period, blood volume decreased during inspiration in five examinations, and increased in seven. The increase in peripheral blood volume during inspiration could be attributed to the higher abdominal pressure during inspiration, and to the decrease in sympathetic activity during inspiration and the subsequent vasodilatation. The decrease in peripheral blood volume during inspiration is probably due to the negative thoracic pressure during inspiration and its mechanical effect on thoracic vessels.

关键词： Light Absorption Deep Breathing Sympathetic Nervous system Tissue Blood Volume

Current issues involved with the identification and nutritional value of wood grubs consumed by Australian Aborigines

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 199-210页

作者： alan Yen Conrad Bilney Michael Shackleton Susan Lawler Biosciences Research Branch Department of Economic Development Jobs Transport ＆ Resources Bundoora Victoria Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia Department of Environment Ecology ＆ Evolution La Trobe University Victoria Australia The murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre School of Life Sciences La Trobe University Victoria Australi

The so called witchetty grub is a publicized food source for Australian Aborig- ines. Despite heavy use, the identities and number of species consumed is still not known because of the lack of identified voucher specimens. Taxonomy based on adults makes identification of larval forms difficult. Dwelling in the root, trunks, and stems of woody plants, grubs are a reliable and highly valued food source that may be in decline. Much information on edible insects may already be lost in parts of Australia heavily settled by Europeans. However, there are many parts of Australia where information on edible insects is still strong and needs to be recorded accurately for long-term use. Recent iden- tification of＂witchetty grubs＂ from the witchetty bush at Barrow Creek has revealed that those there, based on their DNA, are not Endoxyla leucomochla. As grubs are collected and eaten before they mature and scientific taxonomy is based on adults, there are many unanswered questions on the grub identification and biology, host plants, and plant and grub distributions.

关键词： Australian Aborigines edible insects witchetty grubs

A T-Cell Model for the Biological Role of Selenium-Dependent Glutathione Peroxidase

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1997年第2期10卷 246-252页

作者： alan M. DIAMOND YASUSHI KATAOKA JUDITH murray DUAN CHENGYING THOMAS M. FOLKST,AND PAUL. A. SANDSTROM(Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA Retrovirus Disease Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology University of Chicago IL 60637 USA.

The cytosolic form of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase detoxifies both hydrogen and lipid peroxides and therefore represents a major component of the cellular anti-oxidant defenses. In order to study the biological role of this enzyme, we generated an expression construct in a retroviral vector, which when introduced into immortalized human T-cells, resulted in significant increases in the activity of this important enzyme. This effect is stable over extended maintenance in culture. The anti-oxidant defenses in these same cells are also shown to be attenuated hy chemically reducing cellular glutathione levels. Collectively, the abllity to both increase and decrease the anti-oxidant defenses in human T cells results in a useful model system for the study of oxidative stress and signaling in this cell type

关键词： Res cell A T-Cell Model for the Biological Role of Selenium-Dependent Glutathione Peroxidase HIV AIDS

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高效率勘探公司的良好习惯

国外石油动态 2006年第12期 13-16页

作者： alan murray Andfew Latham 谢力（译）

勘探的成功并不只是运气。效能领先者善于使用使他们成为赢家的技术。

关键词：勘探高效率公司

相反合作更出色：性格外向者与性格内向者怎么学习合作？

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2016年第4期 6-7,38页

作者： Chris murray 陈信宏

乔布斯与沃兹尼亚克创办了苹果公司。勒纳与洛伊创作了经典音乐剧，包括《卡米洛特》与《窈窕淑女》。这些著名的创作伙伴都有一个共同之处：他们将一名内向者与一名外向者结合在一起。

关键词：性格内向学习合作外向《窈窕淑女》苹果公司乔布斯音乐剧创作

人类面临的甲基汞暴露和健康影响:世界范围的关注

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2007年第1期36卷 3-10页

作者： Donna Mergler Henry A.Anderson Laurie Hing Man Chan Kathryn R.Mahaffey Michael murray Mineshi Sakamoto alan H.Stern 甲基汞的健康风险和毒物学影响专家组生物、健康、社会和环境各学科研究中心美国预防医学委员会州立环境和职业疾病流行病学威斯康星州健康和家庭服务部盖罗德尼尔森环境研究学院医学公共健康学校北大不列颠哥伦比亚大学国家野生动物联盟大湖办公室日本国家疾病学院流行病学系新泽西环境保护部科学和研究分部风险评估和毒物学的部门新泽西医药和牙科大学环境和职业医药系和公共健康学院不详

本文基于现有的文献资料,突出了当前的认识并且识别在甲基汞暴露、健康影响、危害评估方面还未解决的问题并且得出意见一致的结论。甲基汞是一种烈性毒素,通过水中的食物链在生物体内积累和富集,使世界各地各种社会经济阶层内那些常吃... 详细信息

本文基于现有的文献资料,突出了当前的认识并且识别在甲基汞暴露、健康影响、危害评估方面还未解决的问题并且得出意见一致的结论。甲基汞是一种烈性毒素,通过水中的食物链在生物体内积累和富集,使世界各地各种社会经济阶层内那些常吃食肉鱼类或者以鱼类为主食的人置于危险境地。甲基汞对神经的发育危害已经成为制定风险评估和公共健康政策的基础。尽管在暴露的新指示生物、影响甲基汞吸收和毒性的因素、毒物动力学、成年人神经病学和心脑血管的影响,来自大量海水鱼和淡水鱼以及食鱼鱼类的营养收益和危害,各方面的知识还有许多研究断层,研究小组认为要保护人类健康,必须尽一切努力来减少并消除暴露源。

关键词：世界范围健康影响人类健康甲基汞危害评估毒物动力学文献资料生物体内

为什么没有三个头的怪物？生物学中的数学建模

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数学译林 2013年第2期32卷 167-179,112页

作者： J. D. murray 叶其孝(译) 吴庆宝(校)

alan Turing（图灵）在第二次世界大战中的关键情报工作是众所周知的．他在数学和生物科学的跨学科领域的贡献就鲜为人知了．Turing在生物学方面发表的仅有的一篇论文就是1952年发表的“形态形成的化学基础”，自其在20世纪60年代重新... 详细信息

alan Turing（图灵）在第二次世界大战中的关键情报工作是众所周知的．他在数学和生物科学的跨学科领域的贡献就鲜为人知了．Turing在生物学方面发表的仅有的一篇论文就是1952年发表的“形态形成的化学基础”，自其在20世纪60年代重新发现以来，它在发育生物学、生态学和其他生物学领域的空间模式建模若干领域产生了巨大的影响．Turing并没有把他的模型用于任何特定的生物学情景．

关键词：发育生物学数学建模第二次世界大战生物学领域 alan 化学基础形态形成生物科学

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描述流行病学Meta回归框架

中国医院统计 2019年第5期 401-401页

作者： Abraham D.Flaxman Theo Vos Christopher J.L.murray 宇传华周脉耕华盛顿大学健康测量与评价研究中心

1990年初世界银行和世界卫生组织联合倡导发起全球疾病负担(global burden of disease,GBD)研究。Christopher murray教授(华盛顿大学健康测量与评价研究中心主任)和alan Lopez教授(澳大利亚墨尔本大学人口与全球健康学院全球健康与疾... 详细信息

1990年初世界银行和世界卫生组织联合倡导发起全球疾病负担(global burden of disease,GBD)研究。Christopher murray教授(华盛顿大学健康测量与评价研究中心主任)和alan Lopez教授(澳大利亚墨尔本大学人口与全球健康学院全球健康与疾病负担测量组组长)作为GBD项目主要带头人,创建了伤残调整寿命年(DALY)和健康期望寿命(HALE)等指标,通过综合死亡率、患病率、发病率、缓解率等多种数据,全面评价致死和非致死性疾病和伤害所导致的疾病负担。目前正在进行GBD 2019的研究。随着大数据时

关键词：描述流行病学疾病负担