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The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie River Basins,Canada

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第1期58卷 46-60页

作者： Chris M dEBEER Howard S WHEATER William L QUINTON Sean K CAREY Ronald E STEWART murray d mackay Philip MARSH Global Institute for Water Security University of SaskatchewanNational Hydrology Research Centre Cold Regions Research Centre Wilfrid Laurier University School of Geography and Earth Sciences Mc Master University department of Environment and Geography University of Manitoba Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada

Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern *** is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental *** Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in *** network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing *** paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling *** overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are *** of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is *** future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper.

关键词： climate change cryosphere hydrology atmospheric science ecology modelling Canada

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Challenges of modeling solar disturbances' arrival times at the Earth

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1580-1588页

作者： C. d. FRY Chin-Chun WU murray dRYER Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL 35899 USA Exploration Physics International Inc. Huntsville AL 35806 USA Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL 35899 USA Space Weather Laboratory NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL 35899 USA Exploration Physics International Inc. Huntsville AL 35806 USA Space Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Boulder Colorado USA

In recent years remarkable advances have been made in the development of phys-ics based models of various parts of the solar-terrestrial system (see JASTP special issues, October, November 2004; February 2007). In this paper, we focus our dis-cussions in a specific region of the Sun to the Earth’s environment (i.e. 1 AU). It is well-known that geomagnetic storms are caused by solar eruptions. The conse-quences of these storms include particle acceleration, solar wind impact on the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere, UV-EUV radiation effects on the lower at-mosphere, etc. One of the main challenges is to predict the arrival time at 1 AU of the solar disturbance. The prospects look good for an accurate, real-time forecast scheme built on the acquisition of solar, heliosphere and the near-Earth data and large-scale models. However, the accuracy of these models still needs improve-ment. We will discuss the present status of the models and challenges to improve the simulation models.

关键词： space weather――magnetohydrodynamic (MHd) Modeling MHd Sun-Earth connection MHd Sun-Corona

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Impact of source tissue and ex vivo expansion on the characterization of goat mesenchymal stem cells

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 230-251页

作者： Nuradilla Mohamad-Fauzi Pablo J Ross Elizabeth A Maga James d murray department of Animal Science University of California Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Malaya department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California

Background： There is considerable interest in using goats as models for genetically engineering dairy animals and also for using stem cells as therapeutics for bone and cartilage repair. Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have been isolated and characterized from various species, but are poorly characterized in goats. Results： Goat MSCs isolated from bone marrow （BM-MSCs） and adipose tissue （ASCs） have the ability to undergo osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Cytochemical staining and gene expression analysis show that ASCs have a greater capacity for adipogenic differentiation compared to BM-MSCs and fibroblasts. different methods of inducing adipogenesis also affect the extent and profile of adipogenic differentiation in MSCs. Goat fibroblasts were not capable of osteogenesis, hence distinguishing them from the MSCs. Goat MSCs and fibroblasts express Cd90, Cd105, Cd73 but not Cd45, and exhibit cytoplasmic localization of OCT4 protein. Goat MSCs can be stably transfected by Nucleofection, but, as evidenced by colony-forming efficiency （CFE）, yield significantly different levels of progenitor cells that are robust enough to proliferate into colonies of integrants following G418 selection. BM-MSCs expanded over increasing passages in vitro maintained karyotypic stability up to 20 passages in culture, exhibited an increase in adipogenic differentiation and CFE, but showed altered morphology and amenability to genetic modification by selection. Conclusions： Our findings provide characterization information on goat MSCs, and show that there can be significant differences between MSCs isolated from different tissues and from within the same tissue. Fibroblasts do not exhibit trilineage differentiation potential at the same capacity as MSCs, making it a more reliable method for distinguishing MSCs from fibroblasts, compared to cell surface marker expression.

关键词： Adipose Bone marrow Characterization differentiation Goat Mesenchymal stem cells

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Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for specific pathogen free 6-week-old Hampshire-Yorkshire crossbred pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 286-290页

作者： Caitlin A Cooper Luis E Moraes James d murray Sean d Owens department of Animal Science University of California department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California department of Pathology Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California One Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA

Background： Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals depend on many factors, including age. A review of the literature highlights the lack of reference intervals for 6-wk-old specific pathogen free （SPF） Hampshire-Yorkshire crossbred pigs. For translational research, 6-wk-old pigs represent an important animal model for both human juvenile colitis and diabetes mellitus type 2 given the similarities between the porcine and human gastrointestinal maturation process. The aim of this study was to determine reference intervals for hematological and biochemical parameters in healthy 6-wk-old crossbred pigs. Blood samples were collected from 66 clinically healthy Hampshire-Yorkshire pigs. The pigs were 6 wks old, represented both sexes, and were housed in a SPF facility. Automated hematological and biochemical analysis were performed using an AdVIA 120 Hematology System and a Cobas 6000 C501 Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. Results： Reference intervals were calculated using both parametric and nonparametric methods. The mean, median, minimum, and maximum values were calculated. Conclusion： As pigs are used more frequently as medical models of human disease, having reference intervals for commonly measured hematological and biochemical parameters in 6-wk-old pigs will be useful. The reference intervals calculated in this study will aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of both naturally occurring and experimentally induced disease. In comparison to published reference intervals for older non SPF pigs, notable differences in leukocyte populations, and in levels of sodium, potassium, glucose, protein, and alkaline phosphatase were observed.

关键词： Biochemical analytes Hematology Pigs Reference interval SPF

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Breeding new cultivars for sustainable wheat production

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The Crop Journal 2019年第6期7卷 715-717页

作者： Hongjie Li Timothy d.murray Robert A.McIntosh Yang Zhou National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China department of Plant Pathology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164-6430USA Plant Breeding Institute School of Life&Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneyNarellanNSW 2567Australia

Common wheat(Triticum aestivumL.)is amajor staple food crop that feeds about 40% of the world’s *** production and utilization accounts for^28% of the global cereal crops(http://***/)***,wheat supplies approximately one-fifth of human calories in a variety of forms,including leavened,flat and steamed breads,biscuits,cakes,different forms of noodles,pasta,couscous,and pies,as well as secondary products such as starch,gluten and nonflour milling *** consumption has been steadily increasing due to population expansion and *** example,wheat consumed in China increased more than sixfold(from 19 million tons to 123 million tons)in the 50 years from 1962 to 2012[1].

关键词： Wheat crops wheat

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TCR-pMHC: may the force be of you?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1622-1623页

作者： Joseph S.murray Xenolaüs Genetics LLC Los AngelesCA90024USA

Theα/βcomponent of the T-cell antigen receptor(TCR)is a transmembrane heterodimer containing genetically variable(V)domains and constant domains within each polypeptide chain.1 The Vαand Vβdomains bind with a clonally unique(clonotypic)interface angle,2 and the complementary determining regions(CdR1,CdR2,and CdR3)manifest as‘loops’between anti-parallelβ-strands of the overall sandwich ofβ-sheets with a central disulfide *** with immunoglobulins,the CdR1 and CdR2 loops are encoded in the germline via the particular V-region dNA segment involved in the RAG1/RAG2 recombination mechanism responsible for somatic construction,together with the d-and/or J-segment,of the third loop,CdR3.1,3 As shown by multiple solved X-ray crystallography structures,the CdRs contain the closest amino acid(a.a.)contacts with the peptide(p)plus the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)protein(together abbrev.,pMHC)composite *** rigorous selection in the thymus for only those TCRs that should function properly in the particular individual after birth(MHC restriction),4 T cells function clonally as well,i.e.,different T-cell clones display differential responses to not only different pMHC ligands but also perhaps more importantly,to the same pMHC ligands.5,6 A long-standing question is how(not whether)TCR V-domain binding to pMHC is ultimately responsible for such vast biological outcomes as protection *** to infectious diseases,atopy,the onset of autoimmune diseases,and the success of various types of transplantation.

关键词： properly sandwich rigorous

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Challenges with disaster Mortality data and Measuring Progress Towards the Implementation of the Sendai Framework

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 449-461页

作者： Helen K.Green Oliver Lysaght dell d.Saulnier Kevin Blanchard Alistair Humphrey Bapon Fakhruddin Virginia murray Global disaster Risk Reduction Public Health EnglandLondon SE18UGUK department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska Institutet17177 StockholmSweden Canterbury district Health Board Christchurch 8140New Zealand disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Resilience Tonkin+TaylorAuckland 1141New Zealand

disasters exact a heavy toll ***,the degree to which we can accurately quantify their impact,in particular mortality,remains *** is critical to ensure that disaster data reliably reflects the scale,type,and distribution of disaster impacts given the role of data in:(1)risk assessments;(2)developing disaster risk management programs;(3)determining the resources for response to emergencies;(4)the types of action undertaken in planning for prevention and preparedness;and(5)identifying research *** Sendai Framework for disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 s seven global disaster-impact reduction targets represent the first international attempt to systematically measure the effectiveness of disaster-impact reduction as a means of better informing policy with *** A of the Sendai Framework aims to‘‘substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030,aiming to lower the average per 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015.’’This article provides an overview of the complexities associated with defining,reporting,and interpreting disaster mortality data used for gauging success in meeting Target A,acknowledging different challenges for different types of hazard events and subsequent *** concludes with suggestions of how to address these challenges to inform the public health utility of monitoring through the Sendai Framework.

关键词： data disaster mortality disaster risk management disaster risk reduction Mass casualty Sendai Framework

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development of Perennial Wheat Through Hybridization Between Wheat and Wheatgrasses： A Review

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Engineering 2018年第4期4卷 507-513页

作者： Lei Cui Yongkang Ren Timothy d. murray Wenze Yan Qing Guo Yuqi Niu Yu Sun Hongjie Li Institute of Crop Science Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yaiyuan 030031 China The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China department of Plant Pathology Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA

Wheatgrasses （Thinopyrum spp.）, which are relatives of wheat （Triticum aestivum L）, have a perennial growth habit and offer resistance to a diversity of biotic and abiotic stresses, making them useful in wheat improvement. Many of these desirable traits from Thinopyrum spp. have been used to develop wheat cultivars by introgression breeding. The perennial growth habit of wheatgrasses inherits as a complex quantitative trait that is controlled by many unknown genes. Previous studies have indicated that Thinopyrum spp. are able to hybridize with wheat and produce viable/stable amphiploids or partial amphiploids. Meanwhile, efforts have been made to develop perennial wheat by domestication of Thinopyrum spp. The most promising perennial wheat-Thinopyrum lines can be used as grain and/or forage crops, which combine the desirable traits of both parents. The wheat-Thinopyrum lines can adapt to diverse agricultural systems. This paper summarizes the development of perennial wheat based on Thinopyrum, and the genetic aspects, breeding methods, and perspectives of wheat-Thinopyrum hybrids.

关键词： Thinopyrum Wheatgrass Perennial Triticum aestivum

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Regeneration status of riparian tree species in two sites that differ in land-use in the Okavango delta,Botswana

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 1073-1082页

作者： Gaolathe Tsheboeng Mike murray-Hudson Keotshephile Kashe Okavango Research Institute

Human communities from the Okavango delta benefit from the services and goods provided by the wetland ecosystem through its riparian vegetation. These include food and timber products used for the construction of shelter and canoes. despite the importance of riparian tree species in the delta, their regeneration structure is currently unknown. For riparian trees to be managed sustainably, information on the current regeneration status of the trees under different land uses is needed. The Moremi game reserve (protected area) and Seronga (communal area) were selected for this study on the regeneration of riparian tree species of Croton megalobotrys Müll. Arg, Philenoptera violacea (Klotzsch) Schrire, Senegalia nigrescens (Acacia nigrescens) Oliv and diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. dc. The height of each individual tree was estimated in randomly selected 30 plots (15 from each site) of 20 × 50 m for assignment to five regeneration classes: 0-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, 2-4 and >4 m. Linear regression was used to infer regeneration status of each species. An independent-sample Student’s t test was used to determine any significance differences in seedling density/ha and sapling density/ha between different sites at p diospyros mespiliformis populations had an unstable regeneration structure in both sites, while P. violacea regeneration was stable regardless of land-use type. Croton megalobotrys and S. nigrescens had an unstable regeneration pattern in Seronga, while in Moremi it was stable; thus, the regeneration structure of C. megalobotrys and S. nigrescens is affected by land-use. This result implies that intervention is needed to conserve the two species in Seronga where the current land-use appears to be incompatible with regeneration; d. mespiliformis also needs to be conserved in both Moremi and Seronga.

关键词： Conservation Regeneration Riparian Okavango and wetlands

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Comparing carbon accumulation in restored and natural wetland soils of coastal Louisiana

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2019年第6期34卷 600-607页

作者： Glenn M.Suir Charles E.Sasser Ronald d.deLaune Elizabeth O.murray U.S.Army Engineer Research and development Center Environmental LaboratoryWetlands and Environmental Technologies Research Facility Louisiana State University Department of Oceanography and Coastal ScienceCollege of the Coast and Environment U.S.Army Engineer Research and development Center Environmental Laboratory

Louisiana’s chronic wetland deterioration has resulted in massive soil organic matter loss and subsequent carbon release through *** combat these losses,and reestablish ecosystem function,goods,and services,many restoration projects have been constructed or planned throughout coastal *** are significant data gaps and conflicting results regarding wetland contributions to global warming,especially related to carbon sequestration in restored *** exceptionally large data set was used to derive carbon accumulation rates from key soil characteristics and *** and comparisons of bulk density,organic matter,total carbon,vertical accretion(short-and longer-term),and carbon accumulation rates were made across time(chronosequence) and space(i.e.,coastwide,watershed basins,and vegetation zones).Carbon accumulation rates in the Louisiana coastal zone were generally correlated to hydrogeomorphology,with higher rates occurring in zones of high river connectivity or in swamp or higher salinity tolerant *** average,naturally occurring wetlands had higher carbon accumulation rates than restoration *** some restoration measures were higher,and most showed increasing carbon accumulation rates over *** demonstrate that although wetland restoration provides many ecosystem benefits,the associated carbon sequestration may also provide useful measures for climate change management.

关键词： Wetland productivity Chronosequence Carbon sequestration Wetland restoration Coastal Louisiana

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