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Late Triassic(Norian)Conodont Apparatuses Revealed by Conodont Clusters from Yunnan Province,Southwestern China

Journal of Earth Science 2021年第3期32卷 709-724页

作者： Weiping Zeng Mark A.Purnell Haishui Jiang muhui zhang State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Geology University of LeicesterLeicester LEI 7RHUK

Almost all aspects of conodont research rely on a sound taxonomy based on comparative analysis.This is founded on hypotheses of homology which ultimately rest on knowledge of the location of elements in the apparatus.Natural assemblages—fossils that preserve the articulated remains of the conodont skeletal apparatus—provide our only direct evidence for element location,but very few are known from the Late Triassic.Here we describe fused clusters(natural assemblages)from the late Norian limestone beds of the Nanshuba Formation in Baoshan,Yunnan Province,southwestern China.Recurrent arrangements and juxtaposition of S and M elements in multiple clusters reveal the composition of the apparatus of Mockina and,probably,Parvigondolella.They indicate that these taxa had a standard 15 elements ozarkodinid apparatus,and provide new insights into the morphology of the elements occupying the P2,M and S locations of the apparatus.The apparatus comprised a single alate(hibbardelliform)S0 element,paired breviform digyrate(grodelliform)S1 and(enantiognathiform)S2 elements,paired bipennate(hindeodelliform)S3 and S4 elements,paired breviform digyrate(cypridodellifrom)M elements,paired,modified-angulate P2 elements(with reduced or lacking‘posterior’process)and segminiplanate(mockiniform and parvigondolelliform)P1 elements.Our results will allow testing of the hypothesis that Mockina,Parvigondolella and Misikella—critical taxa in Late Triassic biostratigraphy—are closely related and possessed morphologically similar elements in homologous locations.

关键词： conodont apparatus Mockina Parvigondolella Misikella Triassic

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Middle Triassic(Anisian)Conodont Biostratigraphy at the Shaiwa Section,Guizhou,South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第3期32卷 592-615页

作者： Binxian Qin Martyn Lee Golding Haishui Jiang Yan Chen muhui zhang Li Kang Dacheng Wang Jinling Yuan State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Geological Survey of Canada Vancouver V6B 5J3Canada Hubei Institute of Geosciences Wuhan 430034China

The Nanpanjiang Basin is a key area for paleontological and biostratigraphical study of the Middle Triassic.Herein we studied Middle Triassic conodonts from a well-exposed section,the Shaiwa Section,which is located at the northwest end of the Nanpanjiang Basin.A total of six Anisian conodont zones are recognized;in ascending order,they are:the Nicoraella germanica Zone,the Nicoraella kockeli Zone,the Paragondolella bulgarica Zone,the Neogondolella constricta Zone,the Neogondolella cornuta Zone,and the Paragondolella excelsa Zone,respectively.The first occurrence of Nicoraella kockeli defines the Bithynian-Pelsonian boundary.The Pelsonian-Illyrian boundary is defined by the first occurrence of Neogondolella constricta.The Anisian-Ladinian boundary cannot be recognized at the Shaiwa Section due to the absence of conodont indicative of the Ladinian.However,the new conodont data indicate that the uppermost strata could be very close to the boundary.The abrasion of conodont surfaces provides evidence for demonstrating reworking at the Shaiwa Section,which makes some conodonts possess a longer stratigraphic range than previously recorded.The variation in relative abundance between blade-shaped conodonts and platform conodonts indicates that segminiplanate elements probably preferred deeper and oxygenated environments whereas a restricted marine environment is more suitable for segminate elements.

关键词： conodont biostratigraphy Middle Triassic Shaiwa Section Nanpanjiang Basin

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First Records of Late Triassic Conodont Fauna andδ13Ccarb from the Dengdengqiao Section,Dangchang County,Gansu Province,Northwestern China

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第3期32卷 646-656页

作者： Hanxiao Li Miaoyan Wang muhui zhang Paul B.Wignall Manuel Rigo Yanlong Chen Xianlang Wu Zhumin Ouyang Baojin Wu Zhaoyang Yi Zaitian zhang Xulong Lai School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China School of Earth and Environment University of LeedsLeeds LSI 9JT.UK Department of Geosciences University of PadovaVia Gradenigo 635131PadovaItaly Shaanxi Key Laboratory ofEarly Life and Environments State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi'an 710069China Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Wuhan Center of Geological Survey Wuhan 430205China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Based on a study of 49 conodont and 57 geochemical samples from the Upper Triassic,carbonate-dominated Dengdengqiao Formation,Qinling Basin,China,the Carnian conodonts and carbon isotope records are first reported.Two genera and four species have been identified amongst 87 conodont elements:Mosherella praebudaensis,Mo.longnanensis sp.nov.,Mo.sp.,and"Misikella"longidentata.The presence of Mo.praebudaensis indicates that the lower part(bed 2)of the formation is attributable to the Julian(lower Carnian)substage.A radiolarian fauna identified in a previous study belongs to the upper Carnian,but the sampling horizon is unclear.Theδ13Ccarb curve shows a~1.8‰negative excursion beginning from upper part of bed 3,but its stratigraphic location is uncertain.The Dengdengqiao Formation is clearly at least partly of Carnian age but could include younger strata.The abundant calcareous algae at the section is probably due to some transport rather than preserved in site.The unusual ecosystem with rare marine organisms may reflect long-term stressful and unfavorable conditions at Dengdengqiao.

关键词： conodonts Late Triassic Julian Qinling

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Road map for, and technical challenges of, carbon-nanotube integrated circuit technology

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 14-16页

作者： Jia Si Panpan zhang Zhiyong zhang Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics School of Electronics Peking University State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

The past decade has witnessed an explosion of research on carbon-nanotube(CNT) electronics due to their outstanding properties, including an ultrathin body, a high carrier mobility and a high saturation velocity.

关键词： TRANSISTORS

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New structure transistors for advanced technology node CMOS ICs

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 24-41页

作者： Qingzhu zhang Yongkui zhang Yanna Luo Huaxiang Yin Integrated Circuit Advanced Process R&D Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMECAS) State key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Over recent decades, advancements in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuits(ICs)have mainly relied on structural innovations in transistors. From planar transistors to the fin field-effect transistor(FinFET) and gate-all-around FET(GAAFET), more gate electrodes have been added to three-dimensional(3D) channels with enhanced control and carrier conductance to provide higher electrostatic integrity and higher operating currents within the same device footprint. Beyond the 1-nm node, Moore's law scaling is no longer expected to be applicable to geometrical shrinkage. Vertical transistor stacking, e.g. in complementary FETs(CFET), 3D stack(3DS) FETs and vertical-channel transistors(VFET), for enhanced density and variable circuit or system design represents a revolutionary scaling approach for sustained IC development. Herein, innovative works on specific structures, key process breakthroughs, shrinking cell sizes and design methodologies for transistor structure research and development are reviewed. Perspectives on future innovations in advanced transistors with new channel materials and operating theories are also discussed.

关键词： transistor CMOS GAAFET CFET 3DS FET

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Interface Engineering of Titanium Nitride Nanotube Composites for Excellent Microwave Absorption at Elevated Temperature

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 147-160页

作者： Cuiping Li Dan Li Shuai zhang Long Ma Lei zhang* Jingwei zhang Chunhong Gong College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004People’s Republic of China National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004People’s Republic of China

Currently,the microwave absorbers usually suffer dreadful electromagnetic wave absorption(EMWA)performance damping at elevated temperature due to impedance mismatching induced by increased conduction loss.Consequently,the development of high-performance EMWA materials with good impedance matching and strong loss ability in wide temperature spectrum has emerged as a top priority.Herein,due to the high melting point,good electrical conductivity,excellent environmental stability,EM coupling effect,and abundant interfaces of titanium nitride(TiN)nanotubes,they were designed based on the controlling kinetic diffusion procedure and Ostwald ripening process.Benefiting from boosted heterogeneous interfaces between TiN nanotubes and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),enhanced polarization loss relaxations were created,which could not only improve the depletion efficiency of EMWA,but also contribute to the optimized impedance matching at elevated temperature.Therefore,the TiN nanotubes/PDMS composite showed excellent EMWA performances at varied temperature(298-573 K),while achieved an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)value of 3.23 GHz and a minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of−44.15 dB at 423 K.This study not only clarifies the relationship between dielectric loss capacity(conduction loss and polarization loss)and temperature,but also breaks new ground for EM absorbers in wide temperature spectrum based on interface engineering.

关键词： TiN nanotubes Interface engineering Polarization loss Impedance matching Electromagnetic wave absorption performance

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Advances in methane emissions from agricultural sources:Part I.Accounting and mitigation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 279-291页

作者： Xiaokun Wu Ying zhang Yinghui Han Yagang zhang Yuhang zhang Xiaodan Cheng Pei Zhong Xue Yuan Yuanxun zhang Zhengqiang Li State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Interdisciplinary Mathematics Institute University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208United States Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China

Methane is one of the major greenhouse gases(GHGs)and agriculture is recognized as its primary emitter.Methane accounting is a prerequisite for developing effective agriculture mitigation strategies.In this review,methane accounting methods and research status for various agricultural emission source including rice fields,animal enteric fermentation and livestock and poultry manure management were overview,and the influencing factors of each emission source were analyzed and discussed.At the same time,it analyzes the different research efforts involving agricultural methane accounting and makes recommendations based on the actual situation.Finally,mitigation strategies based on accounting results and actual situation are proposed.This review aims to provide basic data and reference for agriculture-oriented countries and regions to actively participate in climate action and carry out effective methane emission mitigation.

关键词： Methane emission Agricultural sources Accounting methodology Mitigation Emission influencing factors

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N-doped graphene quantum dot-decorated N-TiO2/P-doped porous hollow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube composite photocatalysts for antibiotic photodegradation and H2 production

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 165-178页

作者： Jingshu Yuan Yao zhang Xiaoyan zhang Junjie zhang Shen’gen zhang Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Xi’an Fanyi University Xi’an 710105China Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing Foshan 528399China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 820000China

Exclusive responsiveness to ultraviolet light (~3.2 eV) and high photogenerated charge recombination rate are the two primary drawbacks of pure TiO_(2). We combined N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs), morphology regulation, and heterojunction construction strategies to synthesize N-GQD/N-doped TiO_(2)/P-doped porous hollow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube (PCN) composite photocatalysts (denoted as G-TPCN). The optimal sample (G-TPCN doped with 0.1wt% N-GQD, denoted as 0.1% G-TPCN) exhibits significantly enhanced photoabsorption, which is attributed to the change in bandgap caused by elemental doping (P and N), the improved light-harvesting resulting from the tube structure, and the upconversion effect of N-GQDs. In addition, the internal charge separation and transfer capability of0.1% G-TPCN are dramatically boosted, and its carrier concentration is 3.7, 2.3, and 1.9 times that of N-TiO_(2), PCN, and N-TiO_(2)/PCN(TPCN-1), respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction between N-TiO_(2) and PCNs, the excellent electron conduction ability of N-GQDs, and the short transfer distance caused by the porous nanotube structure. Compared with those of N-TiO_(2), PCNs, and TPCN-1, the H2 production activity of 0.1%G-TPCN under visible light is enhanced by 12.4, 2.3, and 1.4times, respectively, and its ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation rate is increased by 7.9, 5.7, and 2.9 times, respectively. The optimized performance benefits from excellent photoresponsiveness and improved carrier separation and migration efficiencies. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism of 0.1% G-TPCN and five possible degradation pathways of CIP are proposed. This study clarifies the mechanism of multiple modification strategies to synergistically improve the photocatalytic performance of 0.1% G-TPCN and provides a potential strategy for rationally designing novel photocatalysts for environmental remediation and solar energy conversion.

关键词： N-doped TiO_(2) N-doped graphene quantum dots P-doped g-C_(3)N_(4) porous hollow nanotube heterojunction photocatalysis

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Environmental arsenic(As)and its potential relationship with endemic disease in southwestern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 46-59页

作者： Donglin Li Hucai zhang Fengqin Chang Lizeng Duan Yang zhang Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Southwest United Graduate School Kunming 650500China

Many cases of an unknown disease exhibiting the clinical features of limb gangrene,blisters,ulceration,and exfoliation have been reported in Daping village(DV)in southwestern China.However,the pathogenesis is unknown and has puzzled doctors for many years.A preliminary study on heavy metals and symptoms indicated that arsenic might pose the greatest threat to the health of local residents.Here,to explore the sources of and factors influencing arsenic enrichment in DV,whose residents exhibit signs of arsenic poisoning,the As contents in soil,water,and plants were systematically measured.The results indicated high As contents in plant and soil samples obtained from the area,and the source of As may be linked to the weathering of black shale rock.Ingestion of soil and consumption of plants were the two main As exposure pathways among children and adults,respectively,and children exhibited a higher health risk than adults.We presume and emphasize that when extreme drought events occur,humans might face unusual risks resulting from exposure to toxic elements and the direct consumption of highly polluted water.Our study provides a new perspective and sheds light on the environmental geochemistry and health links of this disease.

关键词： Endemic disease Arsenic(As) Risk assessment Black shale Climate change

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Chronic administration of triclosan leads to liver fibrosis through hepcidin-ferroportin axis-mediated iron overload

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 144-154页

作者： Jing Liu Lecong zhang Fang Xu Ping zhang Yang Song College of Eco-Environmental Engineering Guizhou Minzu UniversityGuiyang 550025China The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology Guizhou Minzu UniversityGuiyang 550025China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Triclosan(TCS)has been manufactured as an antibacterial compound for half a century.Currently,it is widely used in various personal care products;however,its potential adverse effects raise a lot of attention.Here,we create a long-term oral administration mouse model and identify the corresponding hepatotoxicity of TCS.We discover that daily intragastric administration of 10 mg/kg TCS to mice for 12 weeks results in severe hepatic fibrosis.Further study displays that hepatic iron increased 18%,23%and 29%upon oral TCS treatment for4,8 and 12 weeks,respectively.Accompanied by hepatic iron variation,splenic and duodenal iron are increased,which indicates systemic iron disorder.Not only excessive iron accumulated in the liver,abnormal hepatic malondialdehyde,prostaglandin synthase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 4 are pointed to ferroptosis.Additional study uncovers that hepcidin expression increases 7%,10%,4%in serum and 2.4-,4.8-,and 2.3-fold on transcriptional levels upon TCS exposure for 4,8 and 12 weeks,individually.Taken together,the mice in the TCS-treated group show disordered systemic iron homeostasis via the upregulated hepatic hepcidin-ferroportin axis.Meanwhile,both hepatic iron overload(systemic level)and hepatocyte ferroptosis(cellular level)are accused of TCS-induced liver fibrosis.Ferriprox■,an iron scavenger,significantly ameliorates TCS-induced liver fibrosis.In summary,this study confirms the impact of TCS on liver fibrosis;a critical signal pathway is also displayed.The significance of the current study is to prompt us to reevaluate the“pros and cons”of TCS applications.

关键词： Triclosan Iron metabolism Hepcidin Hepatotoxicity Liver fibrosis

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