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Seasonal variations in dissolved organic matter concentration and composition in an outdoor system for bank filtration simulation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 252-261页

作者： muhammad zeeshan Omamah Ali Shamas Tabraiz Aki Sebastian Ruhl German Environment Agency Section II 3.3Schichauweg 5812307BerlinGermany Technische Universitat Berlin Water TreatmentKF4Str.des 17.Juni 13510623BerlinGermany Natural and Applied Sciences Section School of Psychology and Life SciencesCanterbury Christ Church UniversityCanterburyCT11QUUK

Dissolved organic matter(DOM)in surface waters can vary markedly in character depending on seasonal variations such as rainfall intensity,UV radiations and *** in DOM as well as temperature and rainfall intensity over the year can affect the biochemical processes occurring in bank filtration(BF).Identification and characterization of DOM in the surface water could help to optimize the water treatment and provide stable and safe drinking *** study investigated year-long variations of DOM concentrations and compositions in a surface water of a circulated outdoor pond(research facility)connected to a BF *** was dominated by humic substances and a changing pattern of DOM in surface water was observed throughout the year.A significant increase of DOM(~38%)in surface water was noted in August compared to *** fluorescent DOM showed that DOM in summer was enriched with the degradable fraction whilst non-degradable fraction was dominated in winter.A constant(1.7±0.1 mg/L)effluent DOM was recirculated in the system throughout the *** removal through BF varied between 4%to 39%and was achieved within a few meters after infiltration and significantly correlated with influent DOM concentration(R^(2)=0.82,p0.05)change in the removal of DOM was observed in two subsurface layers(upper and lower).This study highlights the presence of a constant non-degradable DOM in the bank filtrate,which was not affected by temperature,redox conditions and UV radiations.

关键词： Bank filtration Dissolved organic matter Dissolved oxygen Fluorescence spectroscopy Excitation-emission matrix

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Plant Nitrogen Metabolism: Balancing Resilience to Nutritional Stress andAbiotic Challenges

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第3期93卷 581-609页

作者： muhammad Farhan Manda Sathish Rafia Kiran Aroosa Mushtaq Alaa Baazeem Ammarah Hasnain Fahad Hakim Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi Mustansar Mubeen Yasir Iftikhar Aqleem Abbas muhammad zeeshan Hassan Mahmoud Moustafa Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences&TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule(CIEAM) Vicerrectoría de Investigación y PostgradoUniversidad Católica del MauleTalca3460000Chile College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Biological SciencesLahore University of Biological and Applied SciencesLahorePakistan Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Agriculture and Food Technology Karakorum International UniversityGilgitPakistan Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Plant growth and resilience to abiotic stresses,such as soil salinity and drought,depend intricately on nitrogen *** review explores nitrogen’s regulatory role in plant responses to these challenges,unveiling a dynamic interplay between nitrogen availability and abiotic *** the context of soil salinity,a nuanced rela-tionship emerges,featuring both antagonistic and synergistic interactions between salinity and nitrogen ***-induced chlorophyll depletion in plants can be alleviated by optimal nitrogen supplementation;however,excessive nitrogen can exacerbate salinity *** delve into the complexities of this interaction and its agri-cultural ***,a vital element within essential plant structures like chloroplasts,elicits diverse responses based on its *** review comprehensively examines manifestations of nitrogen deﬁciency and toxicity across various crop types,including cereals,vegetables,legumes,and ***,we explore the broader consequences of nitrogen products,such as N_(2)O,NO_(2),and ammonia,on human ***-ing the intricate relationship between nitrogen and salinity,especially chloride accumulation in nitrate-fed plants and sodium buildup in ammonium-fed plants,is pivotal for optimizing crop nitrogen ***,prudent nitrogen use is essential,as overapplication can exacerbate nitrogen-related *** Use Efﬁ-ciency(NUE)is of paramount importance in addressing salinity challenges and enhancing sustainable crop *** this goal requires advancements in crop varieties with efﬁcient nitrogen utilization,pre-cise timing and placement of nitrogen fertilizer application,and thoughtful nitrogen source selection to mitigate losses,particularly urea-based fertilizer *** review article delves into the multifaceted world of plant nitrogen metabolism and its pivotal role in enabling plant resilience to nutritional stress and abiotic chall

关键词： Synthetic nitrogen nitrogen signaling sustainable agriculture eutrophication ammonium nitrate

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Advanced DAG-Based Ranking(ADR)Protocol for Blockchain Scalability

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 2593-2613页

作者： Tayyaba Noreen Qiufen Xia muhammad zeeshan Haider International School of Information Science and Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116620China School of Software Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116620China

In the past decade,blockchain has evolved as a promising solution to develop secure distributed ledgers and has gained massive ***,current blockchain systems face the problems of limited throughput,poor scalability,and high *** to the failure of consensus algorithms in managing nodes’identities,blockchain technology is considered inappropriate for many applications,e.g.,in IoT environments,because of poor *** paper proposes a blockchain consensus mechanism called the Advanced DAG-based Ranking(ADR)protocol to improve blockchain scalability and *** ADR protocol uses the directed acyclic graph ledger,where nodes are placed according to their ranking positions in the *** allows honest nodes to use theDirect Acyclic Graph(DAG)topology to write blocks and verify transactions instead of a chain of *** using a three-step strategy,this protocol ensures that the system is secured against doublespending attacks and allows for higher throughput and *** first step involves the safe entry of nodes into the system by verifying their private and public *** next step involves developing an advanced DAG ledger so nodes can start block production and verify *** the third step,a ranking algorithm is developed to separate the nodes created by *** eliminating attacker nodes,the nodes are ranked according to their performance in the system,and true nodes are arranged in blocks in topological *** a result,the ADR protocol is suitable for applications in the Internet of Things(IoT).We evaluated ADR on EC2 clusters with more than 100 nodes and achieved better transaction throughput and liveness of the network while adding malicious *** on the simulation results,this research determined that the transaction’s performance was significantly improved over blockchains like Internet of Things Applications(IOTA)and ByteBall.

关键词： Blockchain scalability directed acyclic graph advanced DAG-based ranking protocol

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R-IDPS: Real Time SDN-Based IDPS System for IoT Security

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3099-3118页

作者： Noman Mazhar Rosli Saleh Reza Zaba muhammad zeeshan M.Muzaffar Hameed Nauman Khan Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Centre for Research in Industry 4.0 University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia MIMOS Berhad National Applied R&D CentreKuala Lumpur57000Malaysia School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan

The advent of the latest technologies like the Internet of things(IoT)transforms the world from a manual to an automated way of ***,IoT sector open numerous security *** traditional networks,intrusion detection and prevention systems(IDPS)have been the key player in the market to ensure *** challenges to the conventional IDPS are implementation cost,computing power,processing delay,and ***,online machine learning model training has been an *** these challenges still question the IoT network *** has been a lot of research for IoT based detection systems to secure the IoT devices such as centralized and distributed architecture-based detection *** centralized system has issues like a single point of failure and load balancing while distributed system design has scalability and heterogeneity *** this study,we design and develop an agent-based hybrid prevention system based on software-defined networking(SDN)*** system uses lite weight agents with the ability to scaleup for bigger networks and is feasible for heterogeneous IoT *** baseline profile for the IoT devices has been developed by analyzing network flows from all the IoT *** profile helps in extracting IoT device *** features help in the development of our dataset that we use for anomaly *** anomaly detection,support vector machine has been used to detect internet control message protocol(ICMP)flood and transmission control protocol synchronize(TCP SYN)flood *** proposed system based on machine learning model is fully capable of online and offline *** than detection accuracy,the system can fully mitigate the attacks using the software-defined technology SDN *** major goal of the research is to analyze the accuracy of the hybrid agent-based intrusion detection systems as compared to conventional centralized only solutions,especially under the flood attac

关键词： Machine learning Internet of things software defined networking distributed denial of service attacks

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Effects of spray adjuvants and operation modes on droplet deposition and elm aphid control using an unmanned aerial vehicle

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 1-9页

作者： Zechen Dou Zhihao Fang Xiaoqiang Han muhammad zeeshan Yapeng Liu Yubin Lan College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003XinjiangChina College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255049ShandongChina Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Intelligent Equipment Zibo 255049ShandongChina College of Electronics Engineering(College of Artificial Intelligence) South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China

A conventional spraying mode and a fully autonomous fruit tree operation mode using a model DJ T30 unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)were used to control aphids control on elm trees and to clarify the distribution of droplets in elm trees sprayed by a *** effects of six aviation spray adjuvants on elm canopy droplet deposition and aphid control were *** software was used to analyze and measure the droplet density and deposition of water sensitive paper in two modes;this was done to calculate the droplet uniformity,depositional penetration,and droplet penetration,and to verify the aphid control *** results showed that the droplet density increased by 79.7%-100.7% in the upper canopy and 0-394.1%in the lower canopy without adjuvants in the fully autonomous fruit tree operation *** upper canopy deposits increased by 65.7%-179.3%,and the lower canopy increased by 0-152.8%.When adjuvants were added,the droplet density in the upper canopy increased by 49.7-56.1%using Jiexiaofeng(JXF),and the lower canopy increased by 138.2%-177.8% using JXF,45.8%-141.3%using Beidatong(BDT),45.5%-92.9% using Gongbei(GB),0-93.5% using Maisi(MS),and 0-95.2%using Manniu(MN).The deposits of the upper canopy increased by 888.1-1154.2% using JXF,0-1298.3% using MN,0-343.9%using BDT,0-422.5% using GB,0-580.3% using *** lower canopy increased by 746.4%-1426.0%using JXF,226.2%-231.0% using BDT,435.8%-644.0% using GB,255.0%-322.4%using MS,and 249.3%-360.0%using *** JXF was added,the droplet uniformity,droplet penetration and depositional penetration were better than when using other *** effects of JXF,BDT and GB in controlling aphids was significantly better than other adjuvants(p<0.05).The following control effects were observed;94.1% with JXF,93.1% with BDT,and 93.3% with GB after 3 d of application,and 97.9% with JXF,95.6% with BDT,and 97.1% with GB after 7 d of *** the same time,the application of the fully autonomous fruit tree operation mode a

关键词： adjuvants UAV operation mode droplet deposition aphid

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Depositional and Bio-Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation,Kala-Chitta Range,Pakistan:Equivalent of Gurpi Formation(Iran)

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 332-348页

作者： muhammad Awais Bilal Wadood muhammad Ishaq muhammad Bilal zeeshan Zafar Nasar Khan Aminullah Khan Department of Geology University of SwabiAnbar-SwabiKhyber PakhtunkhwaSwabi23561Pakistan Department of Earth Environmental and Resources SciencesUniversity of Naples FedericoⅡNaples80126Italy State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an710069China National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa25130Pakistan Department of Geological Engineering School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringXi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an610500China Department of Petroleum Geology and Engineering School of Earth ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Department of Geology University of MalakandDir Lower18800ChakdaraPakistan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium

The present study is focused on evaluation of deep marine pelagic sediments of Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation of Kala-Chitta Range in the context of microfacies analysis,paleoenvironmental interpretation,planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy,sequence stratigraphy and diversification of species.A total of thirty three rock samples were collected from the measured *** microfacies are interpreted,namely planktonic foraminifera wackestone,planktonic foraminifera mudstone and sandy mudstone indicating low energy depositional environment i.e.,outer *** biostratigraphic studies show plentiful planktonic foraminifera species of Globotruncana,Heterohelix and ***,no association of benthic or siliceous organisms was *** the basis of available species assemblage,a single local planktonic foraminifera biozone i.e.,Globotruncana-Heterohelix-Globotruncanita Assemblage Biozone is *** biozone information is combined with published literature and Lower Santonian to Middle Maastrichtian age has been assigned to the Kawagarh *** trend of species occurrences evinces that species number decreases over time with pulsated rise in the Kawagarh *** Kawagarh Formation carbonates show an overall Transgressive Systems Tract(TST).The Kawagarh Formation of Pakistan evinces analogous characteristics to that of the Late Cretaceous Gurpi Formation of Iran based on the geologic age,outcrop lithology,microfacies,planktonic foraminiferal assemblages,depositional setting and sequence stratigraphy.

关键词： depositional fabric biostratigraphy sequence stratigraphy Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation Pakistan Gurpi Formation Iran

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Changes in Germination and Seedling Traits of Sesame under Simulated Drought

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第4期91卷 713-726页

作者： Mukhtar Ahmed Ahmed M.S.Kheir muhammad zeeshan Mehmood Shakeel Ahmad Mirza Hasanuzzaman Department of Agronomy PMAS-Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi46300Pakistan International Center for Biosaline Agriculture Directorate of ProgramsDubai14660United Arab Emirates Soils Water and Environment Research InstituteAgricultural Research CenterCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Department of Agronomy Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Department of Agronomy Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhaka1207Bangladesh

Drought is considered one of the leading abiotic constraints to agricultural crop production *** study was conducted to assess the effects of different drought treatments(***,10%PEG,and 20%PEG)on seed germination,germination indices,seedling traits,and drought tolerance indices of *** results showed that maximum reduction in the studied parameters was observed at higher PEG concentration(i.e.,20%PEG).As compared to control,the drought treatments viz.10%and 20%PEG decreased the values for germination indices,such as germination percentage,coefficient of variation of germination time,germination index,and seedling vigor ***,for seedling traits,the values were decreased for root length,shoot length,root shoot ratio,root fresh weight,shoot fresh weight,root dry weight and shoot dry weight under 10%and 20%PEG treatments significantly in comparison with ***,relative to control,the values for drought tolerance indices,such as germination drought tolerance index,root length drought tolerance index,shoot length drought tolerance index,total seedling length drought tolerance index,root fresh weight drought tolerance index,shoot fresh weight drought tolerance index,total fresh weight drought tolerance index,root dry weight drought tolerance index,shoot dry weight drought tolerance index and total dry weight drought tolerance index were also reduced under 10%and 20%PEG treatments,*** results confirms that drought impact on seed germination and seedling traits could be quantified by using different indices which can further help to design drought adaptation and mitigation *** on these results it can be concluded that germination indices,seedling traits,and drought tolerance indices have great potential to simulate drought stress impacts on different crop traits thus they should be used in all kinds of stress related studies.

关键词： Sesame drought stress PEG germination indices seedling traits drought tolerance indices

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Block-Wise Neural Network for Brain Tumor Identification in Magnetic Resonance Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5735-5753页

作者： Abdullah A.Asiri muhammad Aamir Ahmad Shaf Tariq Ali muhammad zeeshan muhammad Irfan Khalaf A.Alshamrani Hassan A.Alshamrani Fawaz F.Alqahtani Ali H.D.Alshehri Radiological Sciences Department College of Applied Medical SciencesNajran UniversityNajran 61441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal CampusSahiwal57000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 66000Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia

The precise brain tumor diagnosis is critical and shows a vital role in the medical support for treating tumor *** brain tumor segmentation for cancer analysis from many Magnetic Resonance Images(MRIs)created in medical practice is a problematic and timewasting task for *** a result,there is a critical necessity for more accurate computeraided methods for early tumor *** remove this gap,we enhanced the computational power of a computer-aided system by proposing a finetuned Block-Wise Visual Geometry Group19(BW-VGG19)*** this method,a pre-trained VGG19 is fine-tuned with CNN architecture in the block-wise mechanism to enhance the system`s *** publicly accessible Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging(CE-MRI)dataset collected from 2005 to 2020 from different hospitals in China has been used in this *** proposed method is simple and achieved an accuracy of 0.98%.We compare our technique results with the existing Convolutional Neural network(CNN),VGG16,and VGG19 *** results indicate that our proposed technique outperforms the best results associated with the existing methods.

关键词： CNN brain tumor block-wise structure VGG19 VGG16

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Current controversies and advances in the management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第6期13卷 472-494页

作者： muhammad Shehroz zeeshan zeeshan Ramzan Gastrointestinal Section Department of MedicineTexas Health Harris Methodist HospitalFort WorthTX 76104United States

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease with a mortality rate that has not significantly improved over *** is likely due to several challenges unique to pancreatic *** patients with pancreatic cancer are diagnosed at a late stage of disease due to the lack of specific symptoms prompting an early investigation.A small subset of patients who are diagnosed at an early stage have a better chance at survival with curative surgical resection,but most patients still succumb to the disease in a few *** dismal overall prognosis is due to suspected micro-metastasis at an early *** to this reason,there is a recent interest in treating all patients with pancreatic cancers with systemic therapy upfront(including the ones that are surgically resectable).This approach is still not the standard of care due to the lack of robust prospective data *** advancements in treatment regimens of chemotherapy,radiation and immunotherapy have improved the overall short-term survival but the long-term survival still remains *** approaches in diagnosis and treatment have shown promise in clinical studies but long-term clinical data is *** following manuscript presents an overview of the epidemiology,diagnosis,staging,recent advances,novel approaches and controversies in the management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Advances in management Imaging Novel approaches Chemotherapy Controversies

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Breast Cancer Detection in Saudi Arabian Women Using Hybrid Machine Learning on Mammographic Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 4833-4851页

作者： Yassir Edrees Almalki Ahmad Shaf Tariq Ali muhammad Aamir Sharifa Khalid Alduraibi Shoayea Mohessen Almutiri muhammad Irfan Mohammad Abd Alkhalik Basha Alaa Khalid Alduraibi Abdulrahman Manaa Alamri muhammad zeeshan Azam Khalaf Alshamrani Hassan A.Alshamrani Division of Radiology Department of MedicineMedical CollegeNajran UniversityNajran61441Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal CampusSahiwal57000Pakistan Department of Radiology College of MedicineQassim UniversityBuraidah52571Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Radiology King Fahad Specialist HospitalBuraydah52571Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran UniversityNajran61441Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Radiology Department Human Medicine CollegeZagazig UniversityZagazig44631Egypt Department of Surgery College of MedicineNajran UniversityNajran61441Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan66000Pakistan Radiological Sciences Department College of Applied Medical SciencesNajran UniversityNajran61441Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Breast cancer(BC)is the most common cause of women’s deaths *** mammography technique is the most important modality for the detection of *** detect abnormalities in mammographic images,the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System(BI-RADs)is used as a *** correct allocation of BI-RADs categories for mammographic images is always an interesting task,even for *** this work,to detect and classify the mammogram images in BI-RADs,a novel hybrid model is presented using a convolutional neural network(CNN)with the integration of a support vector machine(SVM).The dataset used in this research was collected from different hospitals in the Qassim health cluster of Saudi *** collection of all categories of BI-RADs is one of the major contributions of this *** significant contribution is the development of a hybrid approach through the integration of CNN and *** proposed hybrid approach uses three CNN models to obtain ensemble CNN model *** ensemble model saves the values to integrate them with *** proposed system achieved a classification accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,precision,and F1-score of 93.6%,94.8%,96.9%,96.6%,and 95.7%,*** proposed model achieved better performance compared to previously available methods.

关键词： Breast cancer CNN SVM BIRADS classification

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