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Circulating tumor DNA and its role in detection, prognosis and therapeutics of hepatocellular carcinoma

Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2024年第2期36卷 195-214页

作者： Sana Rashid Yingchuan Sun Umair Ali Khan Saddozai Sikandar Hayyat muhammad usman Munir muhammad usman akbar muhammad Babar Khawar Zhiguang Ren Xinying Ji Malik Ihsan Ullah Khan Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of LahoreLahore 54590Pakistan Department of Internal Oncology(Section Ⅰ) Xuchang Municipal Central HospitalXuchang 461000China Institute of Translational Medicine Medical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001China Australian Institute for Bioengineering&Nanotechnology the University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Gomal UniversityDera Ismail Khan 29111Pakistan Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab Department of ZoologyUniversity of NarowalNarowal Punjab 51600Pakistan Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory for Infection and Biosafety Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects Shu-Qing Medical College of ZhengzhouZhengzhou 450064China Department of Medicine Huaxian County People's HospitalHuaxian 456400China

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is considered the fifth most prevalent cancer among all types of cancers and has the third most morbidity value. It has the most frequent duplication time and a high recurrence rate. Recently, the most unique technique used is liquid biopsies, which carry many markers;the most prominent is circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA). Varied methods are used to investigate ctDNA, including various forms of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) [emulsion PCR(ePCR), digital PCR(dPCR), and bead, emulsion, amplification, magnetic(BEAMing) PCR]. Hence ctDNA is being recognized as a potential biomarker that permits early cancer detection,treatment monitoring, and predictive data on tumor burden are subjective to therapy or surgery. Numerous ctDNA biomarkers have been investigated based on their alterations such as 1) single nucleotide variations(either insertion or deletion of a nucleotide) markers including TP53, KRAS, and CCND1;2) copy number variations which include markers such as CDK6, EFGR, MYC and BRAF;3) DNA methylation(RASSF1A, SEPT9, KMT2C and CCNA2);4) homozygous mutation includes ctDNA markers as CDKN2A, AXIN1;and 5) gain or loss of function of the genes, particularly for HCC. Various researchers have conducted many studies and gotten fruitful ***, there are some drawbacks to ctDNA namely low quantity, fragment heterogeneity, less stability, limited mutant copies and standards, and differential sensitivity. However, plenty of investigations demonstrate ctDNA's significance as a polyvalent biomarker for cancer and can be viewed as a future diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic agent. This article overviews many conditions in genetic changes linked to the onset and development of HCC, such as dysregulated signaling pathways, somatic mutations, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and genomic instability. Additionally, efforts are also made to develop treatments for HCC that are molecularly targeted and to unravel some of the genetic pathways that f

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma circulating tumor DNA biomarkers single nucleotide variations diagnosis prognosis

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HybridHR-Net:Action Recognition in Video Sequences Using Optimal Deep Learning Fusion Assisted Framework

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3275-3295页

作者： muhammad Naeem akbar Seemab Khan muhammad Umar Farooq Majed Alhaisoni usman Tariq muhammad usman Akram Department of Computer Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad46000Pakistan Department of Robotics SMME NUSTIslamabad45600Pakistan Computer Sciences Department College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia Management Information System Department College of Business AdministrationPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16278Saudi Arabia

The combination of spatiotemporal videos and essential features can improve the performance of human action recognition(HAR);however,the individual type of features usually degrades the performance due to similar actions and complex *** deep convolutional neural network has improved performance in recent years for several computer vision applications due to its spatial *** article proposes a new framework called for video surveillance human action recognition dubbed *** a few selected datasets,deep transfer learning is used to pre-trained the EfficientNet-b0 deep learning *** optimization is employed for the tuning of hyperparameters of the fine-tuned deep *** of fully connected layer features,we considered the average pooling layer features and performed two feature selection techniques-an improved artificial bee colony and an entropy-based *** a serial nature technique,the features that were selected are combined into a single vector,and then the results are categorized by machine learning *** publically accessible datasets have been utilized for the experimental approach and obtained notable accuracy of 97%,98.7%,100%,99.7%,and 96.8%,***,a comparison of the proposed framework with contemporarymethods is done to demonstrate the increase in accuracy.

关键词： Action recognition entropy deep learning transfer learning artificial bee colony feature fusion

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A Hybrid Duo-Deep Learning and Best Features Based Framework for Action Recognition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2555-2576页

作者： muhammad Naeem akbar Farhan Riaz Ahmed Bilal Awan muhammad Attique Khan usman Tariq Saad Rehman National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST) Islamabad46000Pakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxilaPakistan College of Computer Engineering and Science Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharaj 11942Saudi Arabia

Human Action Recognition(HAR)is a current research topic in the field of computer vision that is based on an important application known as video *** in computer vision have introduced various intelligent methods based on deep learning and machine learning,but they still face many challenges such as similarity in various actions and redundant *** proposed a framework for accurate human action recognition(HAR)based on deep learning and an improved features optimization algorithm in this *** deep learning feature extraction to feature classification,the proposed framework includes several critical *** training fine-tuned deep learning models–MobileNet-V2 and Darknet53–the original video frames are *** feature extraction,pre-trained deep models are used,which are fused using the canonical correlation *** that,an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)-based algorithm is used to select the best *** that,the selected features were used to classify actions using various *** experimental process was performed on six publicly available datasets such as KTH,UT-Interaction,UCF Sports,Hollywood,IXMAS,and UCF YouTube,which attained an accuracy of 98.3%,98.9%,99.8%,99.6%,98.6%,and 100%,*** comparison with existing techniques,it is observed that the proposed framework achieved improved accuracy.

关键词： Action recognition deep learning features fusion features selection recognition

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Lifetime Estimation Based on Surface Degradation and Characterization of HTV Silicone-rubber Based Composites for HVAC and HVDC Transmission

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第2期9卷 751-758页

作者： Rahmat Ullah muhammad akbar Faculty of Electrical Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TecnologyTopi23460 Pakistan

In this paper,six different types of silicone rubberbased composites were investigated for applications in high voltage insulation through multi-stress accelerated aging conducted for a period of 5000 h both under AC and DC *** main goal of this study was lifetime prediction of HTV-SR based composites at a typical multi-stress aging *** diagnostic techniques such as hydrophobicity assessment,leakage current measurement and FTIR were incorporated to assess the *** an outcome of this investigation,all the five hybrid samples were found as quite resistant to aging while the neat sample was comparatively,less resistant to the ***,among the studied samples,TS2 and TS4 appeared to have shown the highest resistance to aging giving a service life of 43.2 and 42 years,respectively under AC *** DC stress the order of merit of investigated samples was identical to that of AC stress but having marginally less life spans.

关键词： ATH hydrophobicity classification leakage current life time prediction multi-stress accelerated aging silica

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SI Engine Fueled with Gasoline, CNG and CNG-HHO Blend: Comparative Evaluation of Performance, Emission and Lubrication Oil Deterioration

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第4期30卷 1199-1211页

作者： usman muhammad HAYAT Nasir BHUTTA muhammad Mahmood Aslam Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan

Hydroxy gas (HHO) is one of the potential alternative fuels for spark ignition (SI) engine,notably due to simultaneous increase in engine performance and reduction in exhaust ***,impact of HHO gas on lubrication oil for longer periods of engine operation has not yet been *** study focuses on investigation of the effect of gasoline,CNG and CNG-HHO blend on lubrication oil deterioration along with engine performance and emissions in SI *** unit produces HHO gas at 4.72 L/min by using 6 g/L of KOH in the aqueous *** was supplied to the test engine at a pressure of 0.11 MPa using an electronically controlled solenoid *** tests were carried out at different speeds at 80%open throttle condition and various performance parameters such as brake power (BP),brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC),brake thermal efficiency (BTE),exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (HC,CO_(2),CO and NO_(x))were *** addition,various lubrication oil samples were extracted over 120 h of engine running while topping for drain out volume and samples were analyzed as per ASTM ***-HHO blend exhibited better performance i.e.,15.4%increase in average BP in comparison to CNG,however,15.1%decrease was observed when compared to ***-HHO outperformed gasoline and CNG in the case of HC,CO_(2),CO and brake specific fuel consumption (31.1%decrease in comparison to gasoline).On the other hand,CNG-HHO produced higher average NO_(x) (12.9%) when compared to CNG ***,lubrication oil condition(kinematic viscosity,water contents,flash point and total base number (TBN)),wear debris (Iron (Fe),Aluminum(Al),Copper (Cu),Chromium (Cr)) and additives depletion (Zinc (Zn),Calcium (Ca)) presented a significant degradation in the case of CNG-HHO blend as compared to gasoline and *** oil analyses illustrated 19.6%,12.8%and 14.2%decrease in average viscosity,flash point and TBN for CNG-HHO blend ***,

关键词： spark ignition engine compressed natural gas hydrogen lubrication oil deterioration emission

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Composite insulators and their aging: An overview

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2007年第6期50卷 697-713页

作者： muhammad AMIN muhammad akbar muhammad SALMAN University of Engineering and Technology

The aging (biological deterioration) is a major problem of composite insulators now-a-days. The main thing in aging is to predict how, when and with what speed it occurs and under what conditions it can lead to failure and what overall average expected life of a composite insulator is. For this a lot of researches have been done. This review summarizes the methods of artificial field testing (aging), natural testing, standards the developed for aging, techniques of analysis, results achieved until now about various parameters from various locations, handling guidelines and a conclusion on what is further needed.

关键词： polymeric insulators, aging, composite, SEM

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iRNA-PseTNC:identification of RNA 5-methylcytosine sites using hybrid vector space of pseudo nucleotide composition

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2020年第2期14卷 451-460页

作者： Shahid akbar Maqsood HAYAT muhammad IQBAL muhammad TAHIR Department of Computer Science Abdul Wali Khan University MardanKP 23200Pakistan

RNA 5-methylcytosine(m^5C)sites perform a major role in numerous biological processes and commonly reported in both DNA and RNA *** enzymatic mechanism and biological functions of m^5C sites in DNA remain the focusing area of researchers for last few ***,the investigators also targeted m^5C sites in RNA due to its cellular functions,positioning and formation ***,several rudimentary roles of the m^5C in RNA have been explored,but a lot of improvements are still under ***,the identification of RNA methylcytosine sites was carried out via experimental methods,which were very hard,erroneous and time consuming owing to partial availability of recognized *** at the significance of m^5C role in RNA,scientists have diverted their attention from structure to sequence-based *** this regards,an intelligent computational model is proposed in order to identify m^5C sites in RNA with high *** RNA sequences formulation methods namely:pseudo dinucleotide composition,pseudo trinucleotide composition and pseudo tetra nucleotide composition are applied to extract variant and high profound numerical *** a sequel,the vector spaces are fused to build a hybrid space in order to compensate the weakness of each *** learning hypotheses are examined to select the best operational engine,which can truly identify the pattern of the target *** strength and generalization of the proposed model are measured using two different cross validation *** reported outcomes reveal that the proposed model achieved 3%better accuracy than that of the highest present approach in the literature so far.

关键词： methylcytosine sites PseTNC PseTetraNC hybrid features SVM cross validation test

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Enhancing through-plane thermal conductivity of fluoropolymer composite by developing in situ nano-urethane linkage at graphene–graphene interface

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Nano Research 2020年第10期13卷 2741-2748页

作者： muhammad Maqbool Haichang Guo akbar Bashir Ali usman Adeel YAbid Guansong He Yanjuan Ren Zeeshan Ali Shulin Bai Department of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of High Eenergy Density Physics Simulation(HEDPS)Center of Applied Physics and Technology(CAPT)/Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex System(LTCS)Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBejing 100871China Institute of Chemical Materials Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics(CA EP)Mianyang 621900China School of Chemical and Materials Engineering(SCME) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad 4000Pakistan

Attributed to the intense development and complexity in electronic devices,energy dissipation is becoming more essential *** carbonaceous materials particularly graphene(Gr)-based thermal interface materials(TIMs)are exceptional in heat ***,because of the anisotropic behavior of Gr in composites,the TIMs having outstanding through-plane thermal conductivity(┴TC)are needed to fulfill the upcoming innovation in numerous *** order to achieve this,herein,nano-urethane linkage-based modified Gr and carbon fibers architecture termed as nanourethane linkage(NUL)-Gr/carbon fibers(CFs)is ***,toluene diisocyanate is utilized to develop a novel but simple NUL to shape a new interface between graphene ***,the prepared composite of NUL-Gr/CFs with polyvinylidene fluoride matrix shows outstanding performance in heat *** to the unique structure of NUL-Gr/CFs,an unprecedented value of┴TC(~7.96 W·m^–1·K^–1)is achieved at a low filler fraction of 13.8 wt.%which translates into an improvement of^3,980%of pristine *** achieved outcomes elucidate the significance of the covalent interaction between graphene sheets as well as strong bonding among graphene and matrix in the composites and manifest the potential of proposed NUL-Gr/CFs architecture for practical applications.

关键词： graphene thermal interface materials polymer composites

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Electromechanical Fields and Their Influence on the Internal Quantum Efficiency of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2018年第3期31卷 383-390页

作者： muhammad usman Kiran Saba Adnan Jahangir muhammad Kamran Nazeer muhammad Department of Engineering Sciences Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Swabi 23460 Pakistan Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Wah Cantt 47040 Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Wah Cantt 47040 Pakistan

The effect ofelectromechanical fields, i.e., polarization fields, on the efficiency droop of GaN-based light-emitting diodes is presented using both experimental and numerical analyses. The role of incorporating such polarization charge density in device performance is numerically investigated and further compared with the experimental results of internal quantum efficiency of three different devices in consideration.

关键词： Optoelectronic devices Photonic bandgap materials Visible and ultraviolet sources Light-emitting devices

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Structural elucidation of SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins: Computational methods reveal potential drug candidates against main protease, Nsp12 polymerase and Nsp13 helicase

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第4期10卷 320-328页

作者： muhammad usman Mirza Matheus Froeyen Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Rega Institute for Medical ResearchMedicinal ChemistryUniversity of LeuvenB-3000LeuvenBelgium

Recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 caused a major outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and instigated a widespread fear,threatening global health *** date,no licensed antiviral drugs or vaccines are available against COVID-19 although several clinical trials are under way to test possible *** this urgent situation,computational drug discovery methods provide an alternative to tiresome high-throughput screening,particularly in the hit-to-lead-optimization *** of small molecules that specifically target viral replication apparatus has indicated the highest potential towards antiviral drug *** this work,we present potential compounds that specifically target SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins,including the main protease,Nsp12 RNA polymerase and Nsp13 *** integrative virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations approach has facilitated the identification of potential binding modes and favourable molecular interaction profile of corresponding ***,the identification of structurally important binding site residues in conserved motifs located inside the active site highlights relative importance of ligand binding based on residual energy decomposition *** the current study lacks experimental validation,the structural information obtained from this computational study has paved way for the design of targeted inhibitors to combat COVID-19 outbreak.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 outbreak CoV-Mpro CoV-Nsp12 polymerase CoV-Nsp13 helicase

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