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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第5期6卷 671-674页

作者： rao muhammad Rashad Qamar muhammad Imran Saleem muhammad Farhan Saleem Department of Ophthalmology Eye Unit-IB.V.Hospital

AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) without the use of an ocular tamponade in patients having tractional retinal detachment(TRD) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS:It was an interventional study conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology,***,Bahawalpur,Pakistan,from July 2011 to July 2012.A total of 75 patients(84 eyes) having TRD secondary to PDR were treated by PPV without using an ocular *** patients included in the study had a tractional retinal detachement secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy but didn’t have or develop retinal breaks before or during the study *** surgical procedure included a PPV combined with the removal of the tractional retinal membranes and the application of endolaser photocoagulation to the *** mean follow-up period was 12 months. RESULTS:Successful retinal reattachement was observed in 78 of the operated eyes(92.8%).In these patients,the retina remained attached till the end of the one year follow-up *** in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) was seen in 63 eyes(75%).The visual acuity remained unchanged in 9 eyes(10.7%).Mean improvement in BCVA was 2.00 +1.24 at baseline to 1.24+1.22(P<0.05) at the end of the followup ***:In the absence of the retinal breaks,a TRD secondary to PDR can be successfully treated by pars plana vitrectomy without the use of an ocular tamponade.

关键词： endotamponade pars plana vitrectomy proliferative diabetic retinopathy tractional retinal detachment

Dynamic S-Box Generation Using Novel Chaotic Map with Nonlinearity Tweaking

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 3011-3026页

作者： Amjad Hussain Zahid muhammad junaid Arshad Musheer Ahmad Naglaa F.Soliman Walid El-Shafai School of Systems and Technology University of Management and TechnologyLahore54700Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54700Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi110025India Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Security Engineering Lab Computer Science DepartmentPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt

A substitution box(S-Box)is a crucial component of contemporary cryptosystems that provide data protection in block *** the moment,chaotic maps are being created and extensively used to generate these SBoxes as a chaotic map assists in providing disorder and resistance to combat cryptanalytical *** this paper,the construction of a dynamic S-Box using a cipher key is proposed using a novel chaotic map and an innovative tweaking *** projected chaotic map and the proposed tweak approach are presented for the first time and the use of parameters in their workingmakes both of these dynamic in *** tweak approach employs cubic polynomials while permuting the values of an initial S-Box to enhance its cryptographic *** of the parameters are provided using the cipher key and a small variation in values of these parameters results in a completely different unique *** analysis and exploration confirmed that the projected chaoticmap exhibits a significant amount of chaotic *** security assessment in terms of bijectivity,nonlinearity,bits independence,strict avalanche,linear approximation probability,and differential probability criteria are utilized to critically investigate the effectiveness of the proposed S-Box against several *** proposed S-Box’s cryptographic performance is comparable to those of recently projected S-Boxes for its adaption in real-world security *** comparative scrutiny pacifies the genuine potential of the proposed S-Box in terms of its applicability for data security.

关键词： Substitution-box chaotic map data security tweaking

Polystyrene nanoplastics aggravated ecotoxicological effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in on zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryos

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第3期13卷 168-176页

作者： Yizheng Li Shulin Liu Qiuping Wang Yanling Zhang Xikun Chen Lei Yan muhammad junaid Jun Wang College of Marine Sciences South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 528478China Institute of Eco-Environmental Research Guangxi Academy of SciencesNanning 530007China

In view of the accumulation of nanoplastics(NPs)in the food chain of environment and animals,and the good adsorption properties of nano-plastics to toxic substances,it is necessary to explore the influence of NPs in living *** this study,single and joint toxicological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics(PS-NPs,size 80 nm)and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),were explored in freshwater aquatic animal model zebrafish(Danio rerio).Our study found that exposure to single PS-NPs induced mild acute toxicity,albeit the combined exposure of PS-NPs and polychlorinated biphenyls aggravated the toxicity of PCBs in a dose-dependent *** from gene expression profiling showed that NPs exposure could activate detoxification process,resulting in a slight up-regulation of antioxidant genes(sod1,gstp1),bone development genes(bmp2,bmp4)and cardiac gene(tbx20);while PCBs suppressed the detoxification through down-regulation of these genes,and the addition of NPs will exacerbate the impact of PCBs on gene ***,the results of in vivo purification experiments found that NPs showed prolonged retention in liver,intestine and gills of zebrafish and they might have crossed biological barrier and accumulate in lipid-rich tissues and excretion does not appear as the significant pathway for their *** conclusion,the toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on chorionic protected embryos were not significant as zebrafish chorion plays an important role in resisting the invasion of pollutants;PCBs can seriously damage the bone and heart development of zebrafish,while the presence of NPs significantly enhanced the toxicity of PCBs in zebrafish,which is an alarming concern for growing NPs levels and ecological safety in aquatic environment.

关键词： Nanoplastics Zebrafish embryos Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) Joint toxicity Gene expression

Oscillating droplet tribometer for sensitive and reliable wetting characterization of superhydrophobic surfaces

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Droplet 2022年第1期1卷 38-47页

作者： muhammad junaid Heikki A.Nurmi Mika Latikka Maja Vuckovac Robin H.A.Ras Department of Applied Physics School of ScienceAalto UniversityEspooFinland Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems School of Chemical EngineeringAalto UniversityEspooFinland

Accurate wetting characterization is crucial for the development of next‐generation superhydrophobic ***,wetting properties are measured with a contact angle goniometer(CAG)suitable for a broad range of ***,due to optical errors and challenges in baseline positioning,the CAG method suffers from inaccuracies on superhydrophobic *** we present an improved version of the oscillating droplet tribometer(ODT),which can reliably assess wetting properties on superhydrophobic surfaces by measuring the frictional forces of a water‐based ferrofluid droplet oscillating in a magnetic *** demonstrate that ODT has superior accuracy compared to CAG by measuring the wetting properties of four different superhydrophobic surfaces(commercial Glaco and Hydrobead coatings,black silicon coated with fluoropolymer,and nanostructured copper modified with lauric acid).We show that ODT can detect the small but significant changes in wetting properties caused by the thermal restructuring of surfaces that are undetectable by *** more,unlike any other wetting characterization technique,ODT features an inverse sensitivity:the more repellent the surface,the lower the error of measurement,which was demonstrated by experiments and simulations.

关键词： oscillating frictional wetting

Performance Evaluation of MWCNTs Reinforced Cement Mortar Composites using Natural and Commercial Surfactants

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2022年第1期37卷 47-57页

作者： Qareeb Ullah rao Arsalan Khushnood Sajjad Ahmad muhammad Usman Shad muhammad Jean-Marc Tulliani School of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad-44000Pakistan Department of Structural Geotechnical and Building EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoTurin-10129Italy Department of Civil Engineering FE&TBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan-56000Pakistan Department of Applied Science and Technology Politecnico di TorinoTurin-10129Italy

An efficient and promising approach for effectively dispersing multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)in cementitious composites has been *** naturally occurring organic extracts from species of indigenously known‘Keekar’trees scattered along tropical and sub-tropical regions;is found as an exceptional replacement to the non-natural commercial *** the initial phase of investigation,ideal surfactant’s content required for efficient dispersion of MWCNTs in solution was determined using ultra-violet *** experimental investigations were then extended to five different cement composite formulations containing 0.0,0.025,0.05,0.08 and 0.10%MWCNTs by weight of *** was observed that the natural surfactant produced efficient dispersion at much reduced cost(approx.14%)compared with the commercial *** estimated weight efficiency factor f was found 6.5 times higher for the proposed sustainable replacement to the conventional along with remarkable increase of 23%in modulus of rupture on 0.08 wt%addition of *** strength enhancement,the dispersed MWCNTs also improved the first crack and ultimate fracture toughness by 51.5%and 35.9%,*** field emission scanning electron microscopy of the cryofractured samples revealed efficient dispersion of MWCNTs in the matrix leading to the phenomenon of effective crack bridging and crack branching in the composite ***,the proposed scheme significantly reduced the early age volumetric shrinkage by 39%.

关键词： MWCNTs acacia nilotica gum keekar triton X-100 fracture crack bridging cement mortar early age micro-cracking sustainability

Collaborative Detection and Prevention of Sybil Attacks against RPL-Based Internet of Things

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第10期77卷 827-843页

作者： muhammad Ali Khan rao Naveed Bin Rais Osman Khalid Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusAbbottabadPakistan Artificial Intelligence Research Center(AIRC) Ajman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates

The Internet of Things(IoT)comprises numerous resource-constrained devices that generate large volumes of *** inherent vulnerabilities in IoT infrastructure,such as easily spoofed IP and MAC addresses,pose significant security *** routing protocols designed for wired or wireless networks may not be suitable for IoT networks due to their ***,the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks(RPL)is widely used in IoT ***,the built-in security mechanism of RPL is inadequate in defending against sophisticated routing attacks,including Sybil *** address these issues,this paper proposes a centralized and collaborative approach for securing RPL-based IoT against Sybil *** proposed approach consists of detection and prevention algorithms based on the Random Password Generation and comparison methodology(RPG).The detection algorithm verifies the passwords of communicating nodes before comparing their keys and constant IDs,while the prevention algorithm utilizes a delivery delay ratio to restrict the participation of sensor nodes in *** simulations,it is demonstrated that the proposed approach achieves better results compared to distributed defense mechanisms in terms of throughput,average delivery delay and detection ***,the proposed countermeasure effectively mitigates brute-force and side-channel attacks in addition to Sybil *** findings suggest that implementing the RPG-based detection and prevention algorithms can provide robust security for RPL-based IoT networks.

关键词： RPL Internet of Things RPG Sybil attack

Exploitation of tolerance to drought stress in carrot(Daucus carota L.):an overview

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Stress Biology 2023年第1期3卷 598-609页

作者： muhammad Daniyal junaid Zahide Neslihan Ozturk Ali Fuat Gokce Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering Ayhan Sahenk Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologiesNigde Omer Halisdemir UniversityNigdeTurkiye Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Faculty of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of The PunjabLahorePakistan

Drought stress is a significant environmental factor that adversely affects the growth and development of car-rot(Daucus carota L.),resulting in reduced crop yields and *** stress induces a range of physiological and biochemical changes in carrots,including reduced germination,hindered cell elongation,wilting,and disrupted photosynthetic efficiency,ultimately leading to stunted growth and decreased root *** research has focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying carrot’s response to drought stress,identifying key genes and transcription factors involved in drought *** and proteomic analyses have provided insights into the regulatory networks and signaling pathways involved in drought stress *** biochemical processes,water scarcity alters carrot antioxidant levels,osmolytes,and *** review provides an overview of the effects of drought stress on carrots and highlights recent advances in drought stress-related studies on this *** recent advances in understanding the effects of drought stress on carrots and developing strategies for drought stress mitigation are crucial for ensuring sustainable carrot production in the face of changing climate ***,understanding the mechanisms underlying the plant’s response to drought stress is essential for developing strategies to improve its tolerance to water scarcity and ensure food security in regions affected by drought.

关键词： Carrots Drought Hormonal regulation miRNAs Metabolites Quality

Detecting and Mitigating DDOS Attacks in SDNs Using Deep Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 2157-2178页

作者： Gul Nawaz muhammad junaid Adnan Akhunzada Abdullah Gani Shamyla Nawazish Asim Yaqub Adeel Ahmed Huma Ajab Department of Information Technology The University of HaripurHaripur22060Pakistan Faculty of Computing and Informatics University Malaysia SabahSabah88400Malaysia Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS University Abbottabad CampusAbbottabad22010Pakistan Department of Chemistry COMSATS University Abbottabad CampusAbbottabad22010Pakistan

Distributed denial of service(DDoS)attack is the most common attack that obstructs a network and makes it unavailable for a legitimate *** proposed a deep neural network(DNN)model for the detection of DDoS attacks in the Software-Defined Networking(SDN)*** centralizes the control plane and separates it from the data *** simplifies a network and eliminates vendor specification of a *** of this open nature and centralized control,SDN can easily become a victim of DDoS *** proposed a supervised Developed Deep Neural Network(DDNN)model that can classify the DDoS attack traffic and legitimate *** Developed Deep Neural Network(DDNN)model takes a large number of feature values as compared to previously proposed Machine Learning(ML)*** proposed DNN model scans the data to find the correlated features and delivers high-quality *** model enhances the security of SDN and has better accuracy as compared to previously proposed *** choose the latest state-of-the-art dataset which consists of many novel attacks and overcomes all the shortcomings and limitations of the existing *** model results in a high accuracy rate of 99.76%with a low false-positive rate and 0.065%low loss *** accuracy increases to 99.80%as we increase the number of epochs to 100 *** proposed model classifies anomalous and normal traffic more accurately as compared to the previously proposed *** can handle a huge amount of structured and unstructured data and can easily solve complex problems.

关键词： Distributed denial of service(DDoS)attacks software-defined networking(SDN) classification deep neural network(DNN)

A Hybrid Model for Improving Software Cost Estimation in Global Software Development

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 1399-1422页

作者： Mehmood Ahmed Noraini B.Ibrahim Wasif Nisar Adeel Ahmed muhammad junaid Emmanuel Soriano Flores Divya Anand Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Parit RajaBatu Pahat86400Malaysia Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Wah Cantt CampusIslamabad47010Pakistan Department of Information Technology The University of HaripurKhyber Pakhtunkhwa22620Pakistan Engineering Research Innovation Group Universidad Europea del AtlanticoSantander39011Spain

Accurate software cost estimation in Global Software Development(GSD)remains challenging due to reliance on historical data and expert *** models,such as the Constructive Cost Model(COCOMO II),rely heavily on historical and accurate *** addition,expert judgment is required to set many input parameters,which can introduce subjectivity and variability in the estimation ***,there is a need to improve the current GSD models to mitigate reliance on historical data,subjectivity in expert judgment,inadequate consideration of GSD-based cost drivers and limited integration of modern technologies with cost *** study introduces a novel hybrid model that synergizes the COCOMO II with Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)to address these *** proposed hybrid model integrates additional GSD-based cost drivers identified through a systematic literature review and further vetted by industry *** article compares the effectiveness of the proposedmodelwith state-of-the-artmachine learning-basedmodels for software cost *** the NASA 93 dataset by adopting twenty-six GSD-based cost drivers reveals that our hybrid model achieves superior accuracy,outperforming existing *** findings indicate the potential of combining COCOMO II,ANN,and additional GSD-based cost drivers to transform cost estimation in GSD.

关键词： Artificial neural networks COCOMO II cost drivers global software development linear regression software cost estimation

Association of post-traumatic stress disorder and work performance: A survey from an emergency medical service, Karachi, Pakistan

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第3期8卷 214-222页

作者： Salima Kerai Omrana Pasha Uzma Khan muhammad Islam Nargis Asad junaid Razzak Epidemiology and Biostatistics Community Health Sciences Department Aga Khan University Community Health Sciences Department Aga Khan University Psychiatry Department Aga Khan University Emergency Medicine Department Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to explore the association between posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and work performance of emergency medical services personnel in Karachi, ***: Emergency medical service personnel were screened for potential PTSD using Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R). Work performance was assessed on the basis of fi ve variables: number of late arrivals to work, number of days absent, number of days sick, adherence to protocol, and patient satisfaction over a period of 3 months. In order to model outcomes like the number of late arrivals to work, days absent and days late, negative binomial regression was applied, whereas logistic regression was applied for adherence to protocol and linear for patient satisfaction ***: Mean scores of PTSD were 24.0±12.2. No association was found between PTSD and work performance measures: number of late arrivals to work(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), days absent(RRadj 0.98; 0.96–0.99), days sick(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), adherence to protocol(ORadj 1.01; 0.99–1.04) and patient satisfaction(β 0.001%–0.03%) after adjusting for years of formal schooling, living status, coping mechanism, social support, working hours, years of experience and anxiety or ***: No statistically significant association was found between PTSD and work performance amongst EMS personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.

关键词： Emergency medical service Karachi Pakistan Post-traumatic stress disorder Stress Work performance