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Optimizing the utilization of maize silage in forage blends-based rations to improve production performance and reduce methane emissions from fattening calves

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 75-81页

作者： Khalid Farooq Asad Sultan Assar ali shah Rifat Ullah Khan Rajwali Khan Ghazala Yasmeen Nazir Ahmad Khan Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25130Pakistan Pakistan Scientific and Technological Information Center(PASTIC) Islamabad 44000Pakistan

This research investigated the effect of various mixtures of maize silage and ryegrass fodder on nutrient digestibility,production performance,and methane(CH4)emission of fattening ***-four fattening calves((228±10)kg body weight(BW),(280±5)d of age)were allocated to 8 diets for 84 d,according to a randomized complete block design,and the blocks were balanced for BW,age,and *** diets consisted of 4 levels of maize silages,i.e.,40%(MS40),50%(MS50),60%(MS60),and 70%(MS70)in the maize silage and ryegrass fodder mixture on a dry matter(DM)basis,and each of the mixture was supplemented with either low(LC,1.0%BW)or high(HC,1.5%BW)levels of fattening *** results revealed greater(p<0.05)intakes of DM(8.35 kg/d),organic matter(OM,7.85 kg/d),and metabolizable energy(ME,12.00 Mcal/d)in calves fed with MS70-LC *** highest(p<0.05)digestibility(g/100 g)of DM(65.2),OM(67.3),crude protein(69.1),and neutral detergent fibre(56.3)was recorded for MS40-HC *** maximum(p<0.05)average daily gain(ADG,571 g/d)was recorded for diet *** lowest value(p<0.05)of CH4 emission was recorded in MS70-LC,MS70-HC,and MS60-HC as compared to other *** 70%maize silage in the ryegrass-maize silage based diet improved ADG by 174 g/d with LC *** is concluded that the optimum inclusion level of maize silage and ryegrass in the fattening ration can improve animal production performance and reduces CH4 production and concentrate requirements of fattening calves.

关键词： average daily gain farm-grown forages forage mixture fattening calves maize silage ryegrass fodder

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Heat transfer analysis in particle-laden flows using the immersed boundary method

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 394-403页

作者： ali Abbas Zaidi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Manitoba75A Chancellors CircleWinnipegR3T 5V6Canada

This paper investigates an efficient immersed boundary method(IBM)for multiple-core CPU machines with local grid refinement for the calculation of heat transfer between fluids and finite-sized *** fluid momentum equations are solved by using the fractional step method,while the energy equation is solved by employing the second-order Adams-Bashforth *** efficient load balancing between the CPU cores,the coupling between particles and fluid is obtained by applying the body force in the fluid equations,which depends on the solid volume fraction of particles contained in each grid cell,and then by linearly interpolating the particle temperature and velocity on the fluid grid cell(in place of the delta function commonly used in literature).Several test cases from the literature are studied,and good agreement is observed between the simulation results and the ***,a scaling study on multiple core machines is performed,demonstrating the proposed IBM's capabilities for a significant reduction in processing time.

关键词： Heat transfer Immersed boundary method Particle resolved direct numerical simulations Fluid solid interactions

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An agent-based model of agricultural land expansion in the mountain forest of Timor Island,Indonesia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2263-2282页

作者： PUJIONO Eko SADONO Ronggo IMRON muhammad ali SUTOMO JANUAR Hedi Indra KUSWANDI Relawan KURNIAWAN Hery HADI Etik Erna Wati SAPUTRA muhammad Hadi HIDAYAH Izhamil HUMAIDA Nida SUKMAWATI Jalma Giring HADIYAN Yayan NUGROHO Agung Wahyu HANI Aditya Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia(BRIN)Jl.Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM.46CibinongBogor 16911Indonesia Faculty of Forestry Gadjah Mada UniversityJl.Agro No.1Yogyakarta 55281Indonesia

The Mutis-Timau Forest Complex,located on Timor Island,Indonesia,is a mountainous tropical forest area that gradually decreases due to deforestation and forest *** modelling studies based on patterns indicate that deforestation primarily occurs at lower elevations and near the boundaries of forests and settlements,often associated with shifting cultivation by local *** study adopts a process-based modelling approach,specifically the agent-based model,to simulate land changes,particularly farmers'expansion of agricultural land around the Mutis mountain *** underlying concept of this agent-based approach is the interaction between the human and environmental ***,representing the human system,interact with the land,which represents the environmental system,through land use decision-making *** research was conducted in the Community Forest of the Timor Tengah Utara District,one of the sites within the Mutis-Timau Forest Complex with the highest deforestation *** use change simulations were performed using agent-based modelling from 1999 to 2030,considering the socio-economic conditions of farmers,spatial preferences,land use decisions,and natural *** results revealed that the agricultural area increased by 14%under the Business as Usual scenario and 5%under the Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation scenario,compared to the initial agricultural area of 245 *** probability of farmers deciding to extend agricultural activities was positively associated with the number of livestock maintained by farmers and the size of the village ***,the likelihood of farmers opting for agricultural extensification decreased with an increase in the area of private land and the farmer's *** findings are crucial for the managers of the Mutis-Timau Forest Complex and other relevant stakeholders,as they aid in arranging actions to combat deforestation,designing proper fore

关键词： Agricultural land expansion Simulation Agent-based model Farmer Deforestation Mountainous tropical forest

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Simulation of the deformable lateral boundaries in biaxial test using DEM

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 161-175页

作者： ali Momeni Barry Clarke Yong Sheng ali Hassanpour WSP 3 Wellington PlaceLeedsLS1 4APUK Hull University HullHU6 7RXUK School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK School of Computer Science University of HullHullHU6 7RXUK School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK

Applying the discrete element method(DEM)in soil mechanics can provide abundant information at the particle-scale and facilitates illustration of the macro-mechanical behaviour of soils based on the inter-particle *** triaxial test is one of the most common laboratory methods to study the macro-mechanical behaviour of particulate materials such as ***,many problems in geotechnical design can be assumed and simplified as a plane strain *** a biaxial test can be conducted to reproduce the macro-mechanical behaviour of soil,where the sample is enclosed by two horizontal rigid platens and a vertical latex membrane,which is a deformable continuous element and allows the enclosed specimen to deform freely while maintaining confining stress during *** paper presents an algorithm to represent physical and mechanical characteristics of latex membrane in the 2D DEM simulation of biaxial test using the PFC^(2D) *** investigate the impact of the lateral boundary conditions on the micro-macro mechanical behaviours of soil samples,two sets of DEM biaxial tests are conducted,*** rigid and deformable lateral boundary *** DEM modeling results indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a significant effect on the micro-scale fabric properties,thickness and inclination of the shear *** comparison between these two simulations also demonstrates that the lateral boundary conditions play a major role in the peak and post-peak stress-strain behaviours as well as the dilation and critical state behaviours of granular soils.

关键词： Discrete element method Biaxial test Deformable boundaries Shear band Critical state Fabric anisotropy Geometrical stability index

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A Framework for Enhancing Privacy and Anonymity in Blockchain-Enabled IoT Devices

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4263-4282页

作者： muhammad Saad muhammad Raheel Bhutta Jongik Kim Tae-Sun Chung Department of Artificial Intelligence Ajou UniversitySuwon443-749Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah Asia CampusIncheon21985Korea Department of Artificial Intelligence Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Korea

With the increase in IoT(Internet of Things)devices comes an inherent challenge of *** the world today,privacy is the prime concern of every *** one’s privacy and keeping anonymity throughout the system is a desired functionality that does not come without inevitable trade-offs like scalability and increased complexity and is always exceedingly difficult to *** challenge is keeping confidentiality and continuing to make the person innominate throughout the *** address this,we present our proposed architecture where we manage IoT devices using blockchain *** proposed architecture works on and off blockchain integrated with the closed-circuit television(CCTV)security camera fixed at the rental *** this framework,the CCTV security camera feed is redirected towards the owner and renter based on the smart contract *** entity(owner or renter)can see the CCTV security camera feed at one *** is no third-party dependence except for the CCTV security camera deployment *** contributions include the proposition of framework architecture,a novel smart contract algorithm,and the modification to the ring signatures leveraging an existing cryptographic *** are made based on different systems’security and key management *** an empirical study,our proposed algorithm performed better in key generation,proof generation,and verification *** comparing similar existing schemes,we have shown the proposed architectures’*** now,we have developed this system for a specific area in the real ***,this system is scalable and applicable to other areas like healthcare monitoring systems,which is part of our future work.

关键词： Privacy anonymity blockchain IoT smart contracts

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Novel Fractal-Based Features for Low-Power Appliances in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 507-526页

作者： Anam Mughees muhammad Kamran Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology(UET)Lahore54890Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering&Technology(MNS UET)Multan60000Pakistan

Non-intrusive load monitoring is a method that disaggregates the overall energy consumption of a building to estimate the electric power usage and operating status of each appliance *** studies have mostly concentrated on the identification of high-power appliances like HVAC systems while overlooking the existence of low-power ***-power consumer appliances have comparable power consumption patterns,which can complicate the detection task and can be mistaken as *** research tackles the problem of classification of low-power appliances and uses turn-on current transients to extract novel features and develop unique appliance signatures.A hybrid feature extraction method based on mono-fractal and multi-fractal analysis is proposed for identifying low-power *** dimension,Hurst exponent,multifractal spectrum and the Hölder exponents of switching current transient signals are extracted to develop various‘turn-on’appliance signatures for *** classifiers,i.e.,deep neural network,support vector machine,decision trees,and K-nearest neighbours have been optimized using Bayesian optimization and trained using the extracted *** simulated results showed that the proposed method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art feature extraction methods across all optimized classifiers,achieving an accuracy of up to 96%in classifying low-power appliances.

关键词： Nonintrusive load monitoring multi-fractal analysis appliance classification switching transients

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An indicator model for assessing community resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic and its validation: A case study in Hong Kong

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第2期5卷 222-234页

作者： Nan Liao muhammad Nawaz Departnent of Geography Faculty Art and Social SciencesSingapore 65166666Singapore

The COVID-19 outbreak had a significant negative impact on the world,and the fifth wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong brought a considerable shock to Chinese *** is a growing call for more resilient ***,empirical evidence and validation of modeling studies of resilience indicators for urban community responses to the COVID-19 pandemic still need to be *** this study,a resilience assessment indicator model comprising 4 subsystems,7 indicators,and 12 variables was developed to assess the resilience of Hong Kong communities in response to COVID-19(i.e.,Resilience Index).Furthermore,this study utilized regression models such as geographically weighted regression(GWR)and multiscale GWR(MGWR)to validate the resilience model proposed in this study at the model and variable *** the regression model,the Resilience Index and the individual variables in the resilience model are explanatory variables,and the outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic(confirmed cases,confirmation rate,discharged cases,discharge rate)are dependent *** results showed that:(i)the resilience of Hong Kong communities to the COvID-19 pandemic was not strong in general and showed some clustered spatial distribution characteristics;(i)the validation results at the model level showed that the Resilience Index did not explain the consequences of the COvID-19 pandemic to a high degree;(ii)the validation results at the variable level showed that the MGWR model was the best at identifying the relationships between explanatory variables and the dependent variable;and(iv)compared with the model-level assessment results,the variable-level assessment explained the consequences of the COvID-19 pandemic better than the model level assessment *** above analysis and the spatial distribution maps of the resilience variables can provide empirically based and targeted insights for policymakers.

关键词： Resilience Community resilience CoVID-19pandemic Resilience assessment indicator model Resilience model validation MGWR

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Biosynthesized Persicaria odorata-silver nanoparticles supported zeolite Y as biocompatible antibacterial agent against Cutibacterium acnes

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Particuology 2024年第10期93卷 1-10页

作者： muhammad Hariz Asraf Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek muhammad Redza Mohd Radzi Hendra Susanto Department of Biosciences Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310SkudaiJohorMalaysia Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials(CSNano) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research(ISI-SIR)Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310UTMJohorMalaysia Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversitas Negeri MalangIndonesia

Conventionally synthesized silver nanoparticles(AgNP)imposed an alarming effect on the environment and caused toxicity to ***,the use of zeolite(zeoY)as a support system could increase its biocompatibility and reduce its ***,green synthesis of AgNP using Persicaria odorata leaves extract supported on zeolite Y has been prepared by an in situ synthesis *** phytochemical compounds in the optimized leaf extract concentration of 1%and volume of 0.9 mL reduced the silver ions to AgNP within the zeolite Y *** observation revealed the incorporation of AgNP in the zeolite Y(average size:18.51 nm).The release of AgNP exhibited antibacterial activity on *** at a concentration lower than 1 g L^(−1) which is also dependent on the ***-zeoY promoted cell proliferation in vitro and it has a non-irritating effect when tested in the in vivo skin irritation model.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles Biosynthesis Zeolite Antibacterial Biocompatible

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Suppression and synchronization of chaos in uncertain time-delay physical system

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2024年第3期39卷 416-437页

作者： Israr Ahmad muhammad Shafiq Department of Preparatory Studies Centre University of Technology and Applied SciencesNizwaOman Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityOman

The mechanical horizontal platform(MHP)system exhibits a rich chaotic *** chaotic MHP system has applications in the earthquake and offshore *** article proposes a robust adaptive continuous control(RACC)*** investigates the control and synchronization of chaos in the uncertain MHP system with time-delay in the presence of unknown state-dependent and time-dependent *** closed-loop system contains most of the nonlinear terms that enhance the complexity of the dynamical system;it improves the efficiency of the *** proposed RACC approach(a)accomplishes faster convergence of the perturbed state variables(synchronization errors)to the desired steady-state,(b)eradicates the effect of unknown state-dependent and time-dependent disturbances,and(c)suppresses undesirable chattering in the feedback control *** paper describes a detailed closed-loop stability analysis based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional theory and Lyapunov stability *** provides parameter adaptation laws that confirm the convergence of the uncertain parameters to some constant *** computer simulation results endorse the theoretical findings and provide a comparative performance.

关键词： chaotic horizontal platform system chaos suppression chaos synchronization robust adaptive control Lyapunov stability theory

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Entropy generation minimization in the Carreau nanofluid flow over a convectively heated inclined plate with quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction:A Stefan blowing application

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Propulsion and Power Research 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： B.Lavanya J.Girish Kumar M.Jayachandra Babu C.S.K.Raju Bander Almutairi Nehad ali shah Department of Mathematics Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of Mathematics S.V.A Government CollegeSrikalahasti 517644India Department of Mathematics GITAM School of Science(GSS)GITAMBangaloreKarnatakaIndia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea

Entropy analysis can help to identify the sources of entropy generation in a heat transfer process more accurately than other methods,such as energy efﬁciency *** is because entropy analysis takes into account the quality of energy as well as its ***-noﬂuids have already been shown to have superior heat transfer characteristics compared to conventionalﬂ*** blowing can further enhance the heat transfer capabilities of nano-ﬂuids by increasing the massﬂux and turbulence at the *** can be beneﬁcial in a wide range of applications,such as heat exchangers,electronic cooling,and solar energy *** convective boundary condition accounts for heat transfer effects,inﬂuencing temperature distribution and the thermal boundary *** on the direction of heat transfer,the convective boundary condition can induce cooling or heating effects on the inclined *** has practical implications for various engineering applications,such as the cooling of electronic devices or heating in industrial *** nanofluids have a wide range of potential applications in heat transfer,energy storage,drug delivery,and food *** research investigates how the presence of Stefan blowing affects the properties of Carreau nanofluid flow across a convectively heated tilted *** and mass transport phenomena are studied using quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction *** mathematical model for this work is based on the Buongiorno *** governing equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations and then solved using the bvp4c *** parameters such as the mass transfer rate can be visualized using bar *** study’s primary findings are that when the Weissenberg number increases,the velocity rises and the concentration profile declines due to Brownian *** is discovered that,when 0.5≤γ≤3(the inverse porosity parameter),the friction factor declines by 0.34001(

关键词： Thermal radiation BVP4C Stefan blowing Biot number Brownian motion Irreversibilit

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