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Impact of Tillage and Herbicides on Weed Density, Yield and Quality of Cotton in Wheat Based Cropping System

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第9期12卷 1568-1579页

作者： Khalid Usman Niamatullah khan muhammad umar khan Aziz ur Rehman Said Ghulam Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureGomal University Department of Agriculture Chemistry Faculty of AgricultureGomal University Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences Faculty of AgricultureGomal University

Conservation tillage may improve yield of cotton in addition to improvement in soil quality if practiced for longer period. However, the practice may not be productive in short-term particularly when severe weeds are infesting the crops such as Cynodon dactylon, Conyza canadensis, Tribulus terrestris, and Cyperus rotundus, etc. Recent studies indicate that conventional tillage （CT） is more productive than zero tillage （ZT）/reduced tillage （RT）. Performance of cotton under three tillage systems, viz., ZT, RT and CT; and five herbicides, i.e., haloxyfop-R-methyl 10.8 EC （108 g a.i. ha^-1）, lactofen 24 EC （168 g a.i. ha^-1）, haloxyfop 10.8 EC ＋ lactofen 24 EC, hand weeding, and weedy check were evaluated during 2010-2011 at Gomal University, ***, Pakistan, to explore the best management option for effective weed control, enhanced yield and quality of cotton grown after wheat. The results revealed that hand weeding and Haloxyfop as post emergence alone or in combination with Lactofen reduced weed density to the minimum irrespective of the tillage systems. Excessive rainfall and cooler temperature limited cotton growth and yield in 2010. The adverse weather conditions had more adverse effect on boll weight under ZT and RT than CT. Haloxyfop ＋ lactofen produced higher seed cotton yield in RT than ZT, however, it could not exceed CT. Broad-spectrum herbicides x CT produced the highest number of bolls/plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield. Fiber quality and net returns were also the highest in broad-spectrum herbicides x CT. In conclusion, broad-spectrum herbicides under CT were more productive in wheat based cropping system on silty clay soil of ***.

关键词： tillage herbicide cotton seed cotton yield weed density net return

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Integrated Weed Management Through Tillage and Herbicides for Wheat Production in Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Northwestern Pakistan

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第6期11卷 946-953页

作者： Khalid Usman Inayat Ullah Said Mir khan muhammad umar khan Said Ghulam muhammad Anwar khan Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureGomal University Department of Entomology Faculty of AgricultureGomal University Department of Agriculture Chemistry Faculty of AgricultureGomal University Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty of AgricultureGomal University

Conservational tillage （CT） in combination with broad spectrum herbicide may be more efficient and economical in controlling weeds, reducing cost of cultivation, and enhancing wheat yield. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of tillage and herbicides on weeds and wheat yield under rice-wheat cropping system （RWCS）. The results indicated that broad spectrum herbicides particularly, carfentrazone ethyl ester＋ isoproturon （Affinity 50 WDG） reduced weeds density by 93 and 95% compared to control and also produced the maximum grain yield （6 818 and 6 996 kg ha-l） and HI （harvest index, 44.7 and 44.6%） in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons, respectively. The maximum weeds infestation and the lowest yield were recorded in control. Tillage methods significantly influenced grain yield and HI, while no significant effect on all other parameters. The overall mean yield was significantly higher in zero tillage （5 575 kg ha-l） and reduced tillage （5 584 kg ha-l） compared to CT （5 479 kg ha-^-1）. Besides increasing wheat yield, Affinity 50 WDG and zero tillage are important weed management practices that can be integrated into wheat production in RWCS. However, in case of perennial weeds or insect pests＇ infestation, CT in combination with Affinity 50 WDG would be more productive than conservation tillage.

关键词： herbicides tillage weed population wheat yield

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Federated Machine Learning Based Fetal Health Prediction Empowered with Bio-Signal Cardiotocography

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3303-3321页

作者： muhammad umar Nasir Omar Kassem Khalil Karamath Ateeq Bassam SaleemAllah Almogadwy muhammad Adnan khan muhammad Hasnain Azam khan muhammad Adnan Department of Computer Sciences Bahria University Lahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Faculty of Information Technology Liwa CollegeAbu Dhabi00000United Arab Emirates Department of Computing Skyline University CollegeSharjah1797United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science Taibah UniversityMedina42353Saudi Arabia Riphah School of Computing and Innovation Faculty of ComputingRiphah International UniversityLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Department of Engineering and Development Dubizzle LabsLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and SoftwareGachon UniversitySeongnam-si13120Korea

Cardiotocography measures the fetal heart rate in the fetus during pregnancy to ensure physical health because cardiotocography gives data about fetal heart rate and uterine shrinkages which is very beneficial to detect whether the fetus is normal or suspect or *** cardiotocography measures infer wrongly and give wrong predictions because of human *** traditional way of reading the cardiotocography measures is the time taken and belongs to numerous human errors as *** condition is very important to measure at numerous stages and give proper medications to the fetus for its *** the current period Machine learning(ML)is a well-known classification strategy used in the biomedical field on various issues because ML is very fast and gives appropriate results that are better than traditional *** techniques play a pivotal role in detecting fetal disease in its early *** research article uses Federated machine learning(FML)and ML techniques to classify the condition of the *** study proposed a model for the detection of bio-signal cardiotocography that uses FML and ML techniques to train and test the ***,the proposed model of FML used numerous data preprocessing techniques to overcome data deficiency and achieves 99.06%and 0.94%of prediction accuracy and misprediction rate,respectively,and parallel the proposed model applying K-nearest neighbor(KNN)and achieves 82.93%and 17.07%of prediction accuracy and misprediction accuracy,***,by comparing both models FML outperformed the KNN technique and achieved the best and most appropriate prediction results as compared with previous studies the proposed study achieves the best and most accurate results.

关键词： Cardiotocography ML FML fetal disease bio-signal

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Cervical Cancer Prediction Empowered with Federated Machine Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 963-981页

作者： muhammad umar Nasir Omar Kassem Khalil Karamath Ateeq Bassam SaleemAllah Almogadwy M.A.khan khan muhammad Adnan Department of Computer Sciences Bahria University Lahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Faculty of Information Technology Liwa CollegeAbu Dhabi20009UAE Department of Computing Skyline University CollegeSharjah999041UAE Department of Computer Science Taibah UniversityMedina42315Saudi Arabia Riphah School of Computing and Innovation Faculty of ComputingRiphah International UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and SoftwareGachon UniversitySeongnam13120Korea

Cervical cancer is an intrusive cancer that imitates various women around the world. Cervical cancer ranks in thefourth position because of the leading death cause in its premature stages. The cervix which is the lower end of thevagina that connects the uterus and vagina forms a cancerous tumor very slowly. This pre-mature cancerous tumorin the cervix is deadly if it cannot be detected in the early stages. So, in this delineated study, the proposed approachuses federated machine learning with numerous machine learning solvers for the prediction of cervical cancer totrain the weights with varying neurons empowered fuzzed techniques to align the neurons, Internet of MedicalThings (IoMT) to fetch data and blockchain technology for data privacy and models protection from hazardousattacks. The proposed approach achieves the highest cervical cancer prediction accuracy of 99.26% and a 0.74%misprediction rate. So, the proposed approach shows the best prediction results of cervical cancer in its early stageswith the help of patient clinical records, and all medical professionals will get beneficial diagnosing approachesfrom this study and detect cervical cancer in its early stages which reduce the overall death ratio of women due tocervical cancer.

关键词： Cervical cancer federated machine learning neurons blockchain technology

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作物化感作用类型:中国研究现状及其展望

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中国生态农业学报（中英文） 2022年第3期30卷 343-355页

作者：林志敏 muhammad umar khan 方长旬林文雄福建农林大学农业生态研究所福州350002 福建省农业生态过程与安全监控重点实验室(福建农林大学) 福州350002

本文从作物种内互作和种间互作以及直接化感作用和间接化感作用两个维度重点阐述了近年来中国在作物化感作用类型的研究及其新进展,以期与同行分享该领域的研究成果和经验。早在1984年就有作物化感作用的相关报道,近年来取得了很大的进... 详细信息

本文从作物种内互作和种间互作以及直接化感作用和间接化感作用两个维度重点阐述了近年来中国在作物化感作用类型的研究及其新进展,以期与同行分享该领域的研究成果和经验。早在1984年就有作物化感作用的相关报道,近年来取得了很大的进展。作物化感作用的概念也延伸到植物-土壤-微生物相互之间的化感作用,作物种植体系中存在的偏害、自毒和促进等现象均与此有关。最近的研究表明,供体植物通过触发防御基因的表达,使代谢产物(化感物质)释放到环境中,尤其是土壤环境中作物的根系等对靶标植物(如杂草)的胁迫做出响应,从而在栽培系统中产生化感偏害或化感偏利现象。根据作用对象的不同,作物化感偏害和偏利现象分为种间和种内的相互作用两种类型。种间作用包括抑制和互惠作用,化感物质的种类、含量及其生物效应决定了其对邻近物种的化感效应;种内作用包括促进和自毒作用,即化感正效应和化感负效应。化感正效应或负效应均与根系分泌物介导的根际土壤微生物组成和结构的变化有关。连续单一化种植导致的病原菌增多、有益菌减少,土壤微生物结构失衡可引起化感负效应。这种微生物结构失衡不可避免地导致土壤养分封存、土壤酸化和土传病害发生等,从而导致作物产量和品质下降。化感正效应则与之相反,连作促进了有益菌群的增加和致病微生物的减少,提高了微生物多样性,从而改善土壤微生境,提高作物产量和品质。因此,研究根际土壤微生物的结构与功能,合理调控作物根际生境以保证其高产优质,促进农业可持续发展,将是今后研究的重点。

关键词：作物化感作用偏害偏利作用模式土壤微生物

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Sewage Sludge: An Important Biological Resource for Sustainable Agriculture and Its Environmental Implications

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第12期3卷 1708-1721页

作者： Khalid Usman Sarfaraz khan Said Ghulam muhammad umar khan Niamatullah khan muhammad Anwar khan Shad khan Khalil Department of Agriculture Chemistry Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Department of Agronomy Agricultural University Peshawar Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan University Wensam College Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan

Intensive farming generally needs large addition of organic matter to maintain fertility and enhance crop yields. Sewage sludge/biosolids are by-products of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment and a rich source of organic nutrients. Sewage sludge having high content of organic matter, macro- and micro-nutrients, can be used as fertilizer/soil conditioner for food, vegetable crop, horticultural plants and pasture, which in most cases can be beneficially recycled. In the past sewage sludge was regarded as a waste product due to expected high level of contaminants such as pathogens, pollutants and synthetic materials discharged in sewer from homes and industries, which were often incinerated, dumped in occasion or land fill. As a result of rapidly increasing population, urbanization and industrialization, wastewater production and sewage sludge generation have increased manifold. Due to high cost of mineral fertilizers and escalating trends in their prices, there is an increasing trend of using sewage sludge in agriculture, especially under intensive cropping in arid and semi arid regions of the country. Therefore, application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils may be sustainable and economical due to nutrient cycling and disposal of sewage sludge. However, there may be a risk in use of sewage sludge due to potentially harmful contents present in the sludge such as heavy metals and pathogens. This paper, therefore, presents a review on various aspects of sewage sludge used in agriculture.

关键词： Sewage Sludge Sustainable Agriculture Pathogen Heavy Metals Soil Quality and Fertility

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Optimal management of nitrogen fertilizer in the main rice crop and its carrying-over effect on ratoon rice under mechanized cultivation in Southeast China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第2期21卷 351-364页

作者： HUANG Jin-wen WU Jia-yi CHEN Hong-fei ZHANG Zhi-xing FANG Chang-xun SHAO Cai-hong LIN Wei-wei WENG Pei-ying muhammad umar khan LIN Wen-xiong Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops Ministry of Education/College of AgricultureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002P.R.China Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University) Fujian Province UniversityFuzhou 350002P.R.China Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resources Environment Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchang 330200P.R.China

This study attempted to clarify the carrying-over effect of different nitrogen treatments applied to the main crop on the crop population growth and yield formation of ratoon rice under mechanized cultivation in Southeast *** on the constant total nitrogen application amounts(225.00 kg ha;)in the main crop,an experiment with different ratios of basal and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer(the ratio of basal fertilizer:primary tillering fertilizer:secondary tillering fertilizer:booting fertilizer at 3:1:2:4(N1),3:2:1:4(N2),3:3:0:4(N3),and 4:3:0:3(N4),respectively,and a control without nitrogen treatment(N0))was set up across two consecutive years in field using hybrid rice variety Yongyou 1540 as the test *** results showed that the total tiller number and effective tillering percentage increased in the main crop under the N1 treatment,more nitrogen fertilizer applied in late growth stage of the main crop,and its effective tillering percentage of the main crop was the highest at up to 70.18%,which was 9.15%higher than that of conventional fertilization treatment(N4),more nitrogen fertilizer applied in early growth stage of the main *** same tendency was observed in leaf area index(LAI)value of the main crop and its subsequent ratoon rice,which were 16.52 and 29.87%higher,respectively,in the N1 treatment than that in the N4 treatment at the full heading *** same was true in the case of the transport rates of stem and sheath dry mater and the canopy light interception rates in both the main and its ratoon *** transport rate of stem and sheath in main crop rice under N1 treatment increased by 50.57%compared with N4 *** canopy light interception rate of N1 treatment increased by 5.07%compared with N4 treatment at the full heading stage of the ratoon ***,the total actual yield was the highest in the main and its ratoon crops under N1 treatment,averaging 17351.23 kg ha;in two-year trials,which was 23.00%higher than that

关键词： main crop ratoon rice nitrogen management crop stand low stubble height grain yield

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Weeds of Wheat Crop and Their Control Strategies in Dera Ismail khan District, Khyber Pakhtun Khwa, Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第1期4卷 66-76页

作者： Sarfaraz khan Marwat Khalid Usman Niamatullah khan muhammad umar khan Ejaz Ahmad khan muhammad Anwar khan Aziz ur Rehman Department of Agriculture Chemistry Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan University WENSAM College Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan

This study is based on research work conducted during 2008-2010 inDera Ismail khan, KPK,Pakistan. The research area was extensively surveyed to investigate weed species. About 32 weed species, belonging to two monocot and thirteen dicot families, were collected from the study area. Plants were identified with the help of available literature and by comparing with the already identified plant specimens of the herbarium ofQuaid-i-AzamUniversity,Islamabad,Pakistan. Data inventory constitutes botanical name, vernacular name, English name, family, and flowering and fruiting period. Phalarus minor, Rumax dentatus, and Chenopodium album were the dominant weeds in the study area having comparatively higher relative weed density. Weeds having tough competition with wheat crop for light, moisture, and nutrients adversely affect wheat production. Hence, a constant effort is needed to keep the weed population under control. Many methods of weed control and eradication have been devised but chemical control is the most effective one. However, it may have some environmental consequences if not handled properly.

关键词： Weeds Control Strategies Wheat Crop

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Green hydrogen production from photovoltaic power station as a road map to climate change mitigation

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第2期8卷 156-167页

作者： Kamil, Kehinde Ridwan Samuel, Bassey Okon khan, umar Edge Hill Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Ormskirk England ENEL Green Power Rome Italy Steelagon Engn Ltd Mat Res Lab Sabon Gari Kaduna State Nigeria

The increasing recognition of hydrogen as a critical element in the global net-zero transition and its clear role in decarbonizing challenging sectors coincide with the growing urgency to address climate change. Africa's favourable renewable-energy capacity, ranging from 28% to 36% for solar, has been reported by the global solar irradiance index. However, the majority of hydrogen production today relies on fossil fuels (96%), with only a small fraction (4%) being produced through water electrolysis. Even though there have been many studies on climate change mitigation with a focus on Africa, a green hydrogen production from a photovoltaic power station approach has not been reported. Also, literature with a focus on Nigeria is lacking. This study focuses on the African green hydrogen production industry, utilizing Nigeria as a case study to explore the feasibility of generating clean hydrogen vectors from a percentage of photovoltaic power output in various regions of the country through stand-alone solar grid electrification projects. Analyses of the usage and effectiveness of the produced hydrogen fuel in each region are carried out, with the highest region having an annual output of 12 247 278 kg of green hydrogen and 8 573 094 kg of ammonia and the lowest region having an output of 511 245 kg of green hydrogen and 357 871 kg of ammonia, and the expected production from the proposed usage of 50% of the power generation output of the installed 1.6-MWp and 80-kWp solar power minigrids in the regions is calculated. The analyses were repeated for the other considered regions in the country. The results showcased the enormous advantages of the electrolytic production of hydrogen and how the greener economy project can play a major role in mitigating climate change effects and overreliance on fossil fuels as the driver of the economy in many African countries. Nigeria is used as a case study for the African green hydrogen production industry to explore the feasibility

关键词： renewable energy photovoltaic climate change green hydrogen vector fossil fossil fuels decarbonization electrolysis AMMONIA WATER CELL

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Depositional and Bio-Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation,Kala-Chitta Range,Pakistan:Equivalent of Gurpi Formation(Iran)

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 332-348页

作者： muhammad Awais Bilal Wadood muhammad Ishaq muhammad Bilal Zeeshan Zafar Nasar khan Aminullah khan Department of Geology University of SwabiAnbar-SwabiKhyber PakhtunkhwaSwabi23561Pakistan Department of Earth Environmental and Resources SciencesUniversity of Naples FedericoⅡNaples80126Italy State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an710069China National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa25130Pakistan Department of Geological Engineering School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringXi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an610500China Department of Petroleum Geology and Engineering School of Earth ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Department of Geology University of MalakandDir Lower18800ChakdaraPakistan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium

The present study is focused on evaluation of deep marine pelagic sediments of Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation of Kala-Chitta Range in the context of microfacies analysis,paleoenvironmental interpretation,planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy,sequence stratigraphy and diversification of species.A total of thirty three rock samples were collected from the measured *** microfacies are interpreted,namely planktonic foraminifera wackestone,planktonic foraminifera mudstone and sandy mudstone indicating low energy depositional environment i.e.,outer *** biostratigraphic studies show plentiful planktonic foraminifera species of Globotruncana,Heterohelix and ***,no association of benthic or siliceous organisms was *** the basis of available species assemblage,a single local planktonic foraminifera biozone i.e.,Globotruncana-Heterohelix-Globotruncanita Assemblage Biozone is *** biozone information is combined with published literature and Lower Santonian to Middle Maastrichtian age has been assigned to the Kawagarh *** trend of species occurrences evinces that species number decreases over time with pulsated rise in the Kawagarh *** Kawagarh Formation carbonates show an overall Transgressive Systems Tract(TST).The Kawagarh Formation of Pakistan evinces analogous characteristics to that of the Late Cretaceous Gurpi Formation of Iran based on the geologic age,outcrop lithology,microfacies,planktonic foraminiferal assemblages,depositional setting and sequence stratigraphy.

关键词： depositional fabric biostratigraphy sequence stratigraphy Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation Pakistan Gurpi Formation Iran

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