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e-antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B in Bangladesh

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2008年第4期7卷 379-382页

作者： Nooruddin Ahmad Shahinul alam Golam Mustafa Abul Barkat muhammad Adnan Rahat Hasan Baig Mobin Khan Department of Hepatology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityShahbagDhakaBangladesh

BACKGROUND:Bangladesh is a densely populated country where about 10 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV).The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biochemical,virological and histological characteristics of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB). METHODS:Patients were included in this study if they were chronically infected with HBV with detectable *** patients who were co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus,hepatitis delta virus or hepatitis C virus,and previously subjected to antiviral treatment,and those with hepatocellular carcinoma were *** study was conducted during the period of January 2001 to December *** this period 2617 patients with CHB were ***-positive cases were included to compare the *** them,237 cases underwent liver biopsy. RESULTS:2296 patients(87.7%)were male,with a mean age of 28.9±13.7 years.2375 patients(90.8%)had CHB,and 242(9.2%)were *** DNA levels were 7.6±1.5 copies/ml,ALT was 111.3±212.5 U/L,and AST was 91.5± 148.9 U/*** number of HBeAg-negative CHB cases was 1039(39.7%).HBeAg-negative patients with a lower DNA load were older,and they had more fibrotic changes in the liver than HBeAg-positive *** two groups did not differ in necroinflammatory activity,but the former had lower ALT and AST *** was more common in e-antigen-negative ***:e-antigen-negative CHB patients are older and have more hepatic fibrosis patients than HBeAg-positive patients,although they have similar necroinflammatory activity.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B Bangladesh e-antigen-negative

Engineered biochar improves nitrogen use efficiency via stabilizing soil water-stable macroaggregates and enhancing nitrogen transformation

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 891-927页

作者： Zaid Khan Xu-Jian Yang Youqiang Fu Stephen Joseph Mohammad Nauman Khan muhammad Ayoub Khan Intikhab alam Hong Shen College of Natural Resources and Environment South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510640China Rice Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Material Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Research Center for Physiology and Ecology and Green Cultivation of Tropical Crops College of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China School of Life Sciences Henan UniversityKaifeng 450046China College of Life Sciences South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510640China

The use of inorganic nitrogen(N)fertilizers has increased drastically to meet the food requirements of the world’s growing ***,the excessive use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer has caused a series of soil and environmental problems,such as soil hardening,lower nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),nitrate pollution of water sources,nitrous oxide emissions,*** this review,we aimed to elaborate and discuss the role of engineered biochar in inducing the stability of water-stable macroaggregates,improving inorganic N transformation,and utilization efficiency to address the current uncertainties of nitrogen loss and maintaining soil and water ***,we elucidated the characteristics of engineered biochar in improving biochar quality to work as a multifunctional player in the ecosystem and promote resource utilization,soil conservation,and ecosystem ***,we discussed how the engineered biochar modulates the stability of water-stable macroaggregates and soil inorganic nitrogen transformation to enhance plant response under various toxic or deficient nitrogen conditions in the ***,the role of engineered biochar in biological nitrogen fixation,mediating nirK,nirS,and nosZ genes to promote the conversion of N_(2)O to N_(2),and decreasing denitrification and N_(2)O emission was ***,we suggest that engineered biochar amendment to soil can regulate soil water-stable macroaggregates,reduce N input,improve nitrogen metabolism,and finally,NUE and crop *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first time to evaluate the combined interactions of"engineered biochar×soil×NUE×crop growth,"providing advantages over the increasing N and water utilization and crop productivity separately with the aim of enhancing the stability of water-stable macroaggregates and NUE together on a sustainable basis.

关键词： Nitrogen Engineered biochar Macroaggregates Multifunctional player Nitrogen use efficiency

Thermo-Mechanical, Physico-Chemical, Morphological, and Fire Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Particleboard Manufactured with Phosphorylated Lignin Addition

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第7期12卷 1311-1341页

作者： Apri Heri Iswanto Harisyah Manurung Asma Sohail Lee Seng Hua Petar Antov Deded Sarip Nawawi Sarah Latifah Dewi Shafa Kayla Sukma Surya Kusumah muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Linda MakovickáOsvaldová MohdHazwan Hussin Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian Lum Wei Chen Puji Rahmawati Nurcahyani Nam Hun Kim Widya Fatriasari Department of Forest Products Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraKampus USU Padang BulanMedanNorth Sumatra20155Indonesia Department of Chemistry Lahore College for Women UniversityLahore4444Pakistan Department of Wood Industry Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Cawangan Pahang Kampus JengkaShah Alam26400Malaysia Faculty of Forest Industry University of ForestrySofia1797Bulgaria Department of Forest Product Faculty of Forestry and EnvironmentIPB UniversityBogor16680Indonesia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Cibinong16911Indonesia Department of Forest Engineering Faculty of Security EngineeringUniversity of ZilinaZilina01001Slovakia Materials Technology Research Group(MaTReC) School of Chemical SciencesUniversiti SainsMalaysiaMindenPenang11800Malaysia Department of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Engineering and SciencesSRM University-APAmaravatiAndhra Pradesh522240India Department of Bio and Natural Resources Faculty of Bioengineering and TechnologyUniversitiMalaysia KelantanJeliKelantan17600Malaysia Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering College of Forest and Environmental SciencesKangwon National UniversityChuncheon24341Republic of Korea

Lignin,lignosulfonate,and synthesized phosphorylated lignosulfonate were introduced as greenﬁllers in citric acid-sucrose adhesives for bonding particleboard fabricated from areca leaf sheath(ALS).The characteristics of particleboards were compared to that of ultralow emitting formaldehyde(ULEF-UF).Theﬁllers derived from Eucalyptus ***-lignin were added forﬂame retardancy enhancement.10%of each lignin and modiﬁed lig-nin was added into the ULEF-UF and citric acid-sucrose bonded *** applied to particle-boards included thermal characteristics,X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),morphological properties,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),as well as physical,mechanical,andﬁre resistance characteristics of the laboratory-fabricated *** and modiﬁed lignin resulted in improved thermal stability of the composites bonded with ULEF-UF while the improvement in the particleboard bonded with citric acid-sucrose was not signiﬁ*** introduction ofﬁller exerted a higher inﬂuence on the UF-bonded particleboards compared to composites fabricated with citric ***,the presence of lignin,lignosulfonate,and phosphorylated lignosulfonate enhanced the mechanical strength of the ULEF-bonded particleboards,although their dimensional stability has ***,the use of lignin and lignosulfonate enhanced theﬁre resis-tance of the particleboards produced with lower observed weight *** laboratory particleboards exhibited satisfactoryﬁre resistance,attaining a V-0 rating in according to the UL-94 standard.

关键词： Modiﬁed lignin eco-friendly particleboard ﬁre and thermal properties citric acid-sucrose ultralow-emitting urea-formaldehyde resin

Intelligent Dynamic Inversion Controller Design for Ball and Beam System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2341-2355页

作者： Ibrahim M.Mehedi Abdulah Jeza Aljohani Md Mottahir alam Mohamed Mahmoud Mohammed J.Abdulaal muhammad Bilal Waleed Alasmary Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering(ECE) King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems(CEIES) King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Electrical and Computer Engineering Electrical and Computer EngineeringTN38505United States Computer and Information Systems Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia

The Ball and beam system(BBS)is an attractive laboratory experimental tool because of its inherent nonlinear and open-loop unstable *** an effective ball and beam system controller is a real challenge for researchers and *** this paper,the control design technique is investigated by using Intelligent Dynamic Inversion(IDI)method for this nonlinear and unstable *** proposed control law is an enhanced version of conventional Dynamic Inversion control incorporating an intelligent control element in *** Moore-PenroseGeneralized Inverse(MPGI)is used to invert the prescribed constraint dynamics to realize the baseline control law.A sliding mode-based intelligent control element is further augmented with the baseline control to enhance the robustness against uncertainties,nonlinearities,and external *** semi-global asymptotic stability of IDI control is guaranteed in the sense of *** simulations and laboratory experiments are carried out on this ball and beam physical system to analyze the effectiveness of the *** addition to that,comparative analysis of RGDI control with classical Linear Quadratic Regulator and Fractional Order Controller are also presented on the experimental test bench.

关键词： Ball and beam system(BBS) unstable system internal model PD controllers IDI control robust control

Tourism Development and Well-Being:The Role of Population and Political Stability

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2022年第1期15卷 89-115页

作者： Asif Khan Sughra Bibi Jiaying Lyu Zaheer Udden Babar muhammad alam Hizar Hayat Department of Tourism and Hotel Management School of ManagementZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058ZhejiangChina Department of Tourism&Hospitality Hazara UniversityMansehra 21300KPPakistan Guanghua Law School Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058ZhejiangChina Department of Tourism and Hotel Management University of ChitralChitralPakistan山

This study's primary purpose was to explore the role of tourism development in enhancing well-being in a highly populated developing economy by focusing on the case study of Pakistan Several econometric techniques and approaches were used on annual time series data covering the 1990-2016 period to investigate the causal relationship of well-being with tourism development,political stability,economics,and population *** findings suggested that tourism development enhances economic growth and well-being,hence providing support for the tourism-led growth hypothesis However,population growth and political instability exhibited a negative relationship with well-being;in addition,the level of political stability determined tourism ***,this study is unique due to its specific focus on the role of political stability and tourism development in the enhancement of wellbeing in a highly populated developing economy Moreover,the practical implications of the study have been provided in light of the main findings.

关键词： Tourism development Well-being Population growth Political stability Economic growth ARDL

Solid Waste Management and Incineration Practice: A Study of Bangladesh

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International Journal of Nonferrous Metallurgy 2020年第1期9卷 1-25页

作者： muhammad Saidur Rahman Jahangir alam Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Pundra University of Science & Technology Bogura Bangladesh

Considering the geographical location and one of the very densely populated countries in the world, Bangladesh is very vulnerable to climate change and its adaptability. This paper has been designed with an attempt to inform the policy maker of Bangladesh regarding the potentiality of MSW as a renewable source of energy in Bangladesh. It deals with modern waste collection, management and incineration practices based on densely populated cities or towns like Bogura Municipality and Chattogram City Corporation. Waste to Energy (WtE) conversions not only reduce the land pressure problem in urban areas, but also generate electricity and heat to supply to the surrounding urban areas. The increase in generation of methane (CH4) from municipal solid wastes (MSW) alarms the world to take suitable initiative for the sustainable management of MSW, as it is stronger than carbon dioxide (CO2). By burning one mole of CH4, 890 kJ·mol-1 heat is produced which is a major source of energy. This treatment technology is used in destruction of solid waste by controlled burning at high temperatures. With the release of heat, it can be accompanied and this heat from combustion can be converted into energy. This type of incineration is a high-quality treatment for Municipal or City Corporation solid waste like Bangladesh where were over crowded cities, towns and it can reduce the quantity and volume of a large amount of waste to landfill, which can recover energy and dispose in the compact zone. The results also examined that the total amount of solid waste produced in Bogura municipality is lower than that of Chattogram City Corporation. The percentage compositions of waste patterns are shown in both the Cities. The paper discusses these problems, analyses and finally, a recommendation has been proposed in order to understand the industrial situation enhanced.

关键词： Population Distribution Chattogram Bogura Municipal or City Waste Management Waste to Energy Incineration Compact Zone

NS1 antigen: A new beam of light in the early diagnosis of dengue infection

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第12期9卷 1187-1189页

作者： muhammad Suleman Rani Faryal muhammad Masroor alam Salmaan Sharif Shahzad Shaukat Uzma Bashir Aamir Adnan Khurshid Mehar Angez Massab Umair Mian muhammad Sufian Yasir Arshad Ghulam Mujtaba Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi Department of Microbiology Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Virology National Institute of Health

Objective: To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELISA and its comparison with viral RNA detection via real time PCR and Ig M antibodies detection by ELISA. Results: A total of 1 270 serum samples were tested 86%(1 097/1 270) were detected positive by one or more than one diagnostic test. Out of 1 270, 64%(807/1 270) were positive by NS1 ELISA and 52%(662/1 270), 51%(646/1 270) were positive by real-time RT-PCR and Ig M ELISA ***: NS1 antigen detection ELISA is highly suitable diagnostic tools and it also has great value for use in outbreak and epidemic situation.

关键词： Dengue Pakistan Epidemiology ELISA NS1 Antigen

Effects of Tinospora tuberculata leaf methanol extract on seedling growth of rice and associated weed species in hydroponic culture

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第7期15卷 1521-1531页

作者： Farzad Aslani Abdul Shukor Juraimi muhammad Saiful Ahmad-Hamdani Farahnaz Sadat Golestan Hashemi Md Amirul alam Md Abdul Hakim Md Kamal Uddin Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Institute of Tropical Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Department of Land Management Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

The study was conducted to evaluate the responses of rice and rice weed seedlings （barnyardgrass and weedy rice） at the three-leaf stage toTinospora tuberculata leaf methanol extract （3.12, 6.25 and 12.5 g L–1） under hydroponic culture. It shows that the leaf methanol extract had various degrees effects depending on target plant species and each tested index （biomass, root length, shoot length, transpiration volume, chlorophyla, chlorophylb and carotenoid contents）. The effec-tive concentration of the leaf extract capable of reducing 50% of rice growth was higher than those of target weed species. Moreover, the root length was more tolerant to leaf methanol extract in comparison to the other plant parameters measured. A greater reduction was observed in chlorophyla content compared to chlorophylb and carotenoid. The results revealed that the reduction of transpiration volume closely coincided with the magnitude of growth inhibition of tested plants. Ultra-fast liquid chromatography analysis revealed 11 of 32 peaks in chemical proifle, including benzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, isoorientin, isovitexin, orientin,p-anisic acid, syringic acid,trans-cinnamic acid,trans-ferulic acid, and vitexin have the same retention time with those peaks of the extract. The amount of compounds was present in the range of between 4817 and 115.5 mg kg–1 dry weight （DW）. The concentration-response bioassay of al 11 individual compounds and their equimolar mixture against the seeds of barnyardgrass revealed their contribution in the alelopahic activity ofT. tuberculata leaf extract. The examined compounds and their combination exhibited various degrees of growth inhibitory effects on the early growth of barnyardgrass. Therefore, the speciifc number, concentration, combination and inhibitory activity of bioactive compounds leads to alelopathy activity ofT. tuberculata leaves which could be employable directly as a natural herbicide and its growth inhibitor compounds can be used

关键词： alelochemicals identiifcation and quantiifcation natural herbicide UFLC weed control

Prevalence and Perceptions about Migraine among Students and Patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第6期5卷 508-516页

作者： muhammad Zahid Aftab alam Sthanadar muhammad Kaleem muhammad Latif Iram alam Sthanadar Pir Asmat Ali Irum alam Sthanadar muhammad Ismail Noreen Imtiaz Mudassir Shah Department of Zoology Islamia College University Peshawar Pakistan Government Degree College Dara Adam Kheil Kohat Pakis-tan

Migraine is a common neurological disorder, prevalent in almost all over the world population and being considered as the 13th major medical disorder among other major disorders across the globe, generally characterized with unilateral or bilateral headache, nausea and vomiting. In developing world, countries like Pakistan, most of the patients are not well aware of migraine headaches, as usually taken for simple headache due to no proper awareness. Usually it is not a contagious condition and most of the time it is recoded as episodic in nature. To assess the migraine, its frequency, symptoms, usual triggers and patients’ perceptions, the present study was conducted. For this purpose a prospective study was carried out based on properly designed questionnaire. The data were collected from 7 educational institutes, including students of Islamia College Peshawar, University of Peshawar, Khyber Medical College, Engineering University Peshawar, Fatima Jinnah College Peshawar, Commerce College Peshawar and Agriculture University Peshawar. Part of data was also collected from patients visiting Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar for their headache problems. A total of 270 questionnaires were filled up. About 81 (30.00%) headache cases were recorded, fulfilling the International criteria of Headache. Out of 81 recorded cases, 31 (38.3%) patients were of migraine with aura and 50 (61.7%) were of migraine without aura condition. The prevalence of migraine in the study population was found to be 30.00%. The frequency of female migraine patients was higher i.e. 31 (34.1%) than the male sufferers 50 (27.9%). The present study clearly showed that the higher frequency (65.0%) of migraine exists in the age group of above 30 years age. The most prevalent trigger was found to be tension, which was in parallel followed by the lack of sleep or oversleeping. A family history for migraine was found in migraine patients. Usually the condition was found to limit the routine activities of p

关键词： Migraine Migraine with Aura (MWA) Migraine without Aura (MWOA) International Headache Society (IHS)