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Impact of Climate Change on Epidemiology of Various Pests of Wheat Crop in Punjab Pakistan

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第1期10卷 236-247页

作者： Israr arshad Amer Rasul Syed Ismat Hussain Hafiz muhammad Usman Aslam Khizar Hayat Malik Najam Ul Hassan Sidra Muqeet Amina Yasir Umar Shabab Nasir Anum Tehseen Directorate of Pest Warning & Quality Control of Pesticides Punjab Pakistan Department of Plant Pathology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Iowa State University USA Horticultural Research Institute Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Zoology Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan Institute of Agriculture & Resource Economics University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

Wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] is the staple diet of people in Pakistan. It is attacked by many types of pests. Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of climate change on the ecology and epidemiology of various wheat pests in Punjab, Pakistan. Results indicate that maximum weeds hot spots 242 (5.98%) Phalaris minor, 45 (1.18%) wild oat and 203 (5.01%) broad leaf weeds were noted in 2015. Aphid 31 (0.86%) hot spots were recorded in 2016 while maximum army worm 13 (0.26%) hot spots were noted in 2017. Maximum 70 (1.73%) spots of yellow rust and 85 (2.10%) hot spots of brown rust were observed during 2015 while 84 (4.16%) spots of loose smut were observed during 2017. ANOVA shows that years have no significant difference (P > 0.05) but weeks have significant effect on occurrence of these pest incidences except brown rust. But regression ANOVA was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and regression models equations have been developed on the bases of recorded data. Pest incidence was taken as dependent variable Y and weather factors i.e. minimum temperature as X1, maximum temperature as X2, relative humidity as X3 and rain fall as X4 were taken as independent variables. This study will help in recommendations for moving forward aiming at integration of biology of rust and smut diseases of wheat with changing climate for development of resistant varieties for resilient and durable management of these pathogens.

关键词： Climate Change Wheat Weeds Insect Pest Disease Ecology

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A Holistic Approach to Enhance FRCS General Surgery Examination Training Using Adult Learning Model: A Non-Profit Initiative

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Surgical Science 2023年第8期14卷 565-574页

作者： Rahul Winayak Sanjay V. Joshi Goran Ahmed Anne O’Neill Ishy Gurung muhammad nadeem Muhammed Alwahid Sudeendra Doddi Manas Kumar Dube Ahmad Mirza Rishabha D. Sharma Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK Medway Maritime Hospital Gillingham Kent UK Frimley Park Hospital Portsmouth Road Camberley UK University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust Plymouth UK Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust Barnstaple UK Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Yeovil UK Inverclyde Royal Hospital Greenock Scotland UK Princes Royal University Hospital Orpington UK Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Mansfield UK Augusta University Medical Center Augusta GA USA

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of adult learning and simulation-based learning (SBL) on surgical trainees’ learning experiences and Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) Section 2 General Surgery examination pass rate. Methods: This was a cross-sequential study involving 148 surgical candidates (72 UK trainees, 75 non-UK trainees) who had attended our revision course (Phoenix FRCS Course) from June 2017 until 2023. Each course comprised a two-day weekend preparation with dedicated sections for clinical, viva, and academic reading, incorporating SBL as its key learning style. We maintained a prospective database of candidate and course details, examination results, and feedback since the course inception. Results: We found that 97% of candidates passed the FRCS examination after their first attempt. The course was attended once by 89% of candidates, and only 3 of the 148 candidates exhausted all four attempts at the examination. Candidate feedback for the course and its style of learning was positive, with simulation-based table viva sessions and virtual clinical sessions proving the most popular learning sessions (95% and 80% of candidates attending courses run in December 2017, April 2018, and May 2021 rated them “Excellent” respectively). Conclusions: The course is centered around shared adult learning and mindfulness tools to encourage candidates to learn from each other and develop confidence and mastery in all domains of surgical practice. These methods have been shown to be effective in achieving high success rates in the Intercollegiate and International FRCS examinations for UK and overseas surgeons.

关键词： Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) Adult Learning Mindfulness Tools FRCS Examination Interleaving

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Yield and Profit from New and Old Wheat Varieties Using Certified and Farmer-Saved Seeds

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2016年第3期6卷 141-150页

作者： Krishna Dev Joshi Attiq Ur Rehrnan Ghulam Ullah Amanullah Baloch Makhdoom Hussain Javed Ahmad Mohammad Ishaq Gulzar Ahmad nadeem Abroad Syed Haider Abbas Maqsood Qamar Mumtaz Abroad Abid Ilyas Dar Badar-uddin Khokhar muhammad Sajid Akhlaq Hussain muhammad Imtiaz International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Wheat Research Institute Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan Cereal Crops Research Institute Nowshera 24100 Pakistan Barani Agricultural Research Institute Chakwa148800 Pakistan National Agriculture Research Centre lslamabad 44000 Pakistan Engro Fertilizers Limited Lahore 54000 Pakistan Wheat Research Institute Sakrand 67210 Pakistan Pride Seed Company Mardan 23200 Pakistan

Wheat is a strategic crop for food security in Pakistan with predominance of smallholder farmers. Farmer-saved seed （FSS） is used nearly by 75% of farmers for wheat production. Frequent variety or seed replacement is uncommon even among large-scale farmers, and certified seed （CS） is mostly bought to verify the value of new varieties. Replacing old and obsolete varieties by new high yielding disease resistant varieties is key to transferring new genetic gains to farmers. For the first time in Pakistan, on-farm factorial experiments involving seven new and five old wheat varieties and their corresponding CS and FSS were conducted. A total of 49 farmers representing major wheat cropping patterns throughout the country participated in these trials in the 2014 and 2015 wheat growing seasons. Analysis of variance revealed that there was highly significant difference between wheat varieties and between seed classes. New variety ＋ CS gave 33.8% more grain yield as well as higher marginal return over farmers＇ variety ＋ FSS. Grain yield and returns from new variety ＋ FSS and farmers＇ variety ＋ CS were at par. Scientific knowledge generated in this research demonstrated that use of CS ＆new wheat varieties is best option, while growing new varieties with FSS is a second choice for the advantages accruing from their built-in genetic traits of economic importance over growing CS of old and obsolete varieties. Having more flexible seed system will help accelerate the delivery of new genetic gains to farmers＇ fields.

关键词： Certified seed farmer-saved seed variety and seed replacement smallholder farmers yield return varietal popularization.

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V-苯烯纳米管的逆基于度的拓扑指数

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昆明学院学报 2020年第3期42卷 46-49页

作者：穆罕默德·纳迪姆民哈吉大学数学系拉合尔54000

在数学化学中,无需在实验室中进行实验就可以定义几种拓扑指数来推测化合物的性质.而使用一个单一的拓扑指数则无法描述相关化合物的所有特性,但是它们一起在某种程度上可起到预测化学性质的作用,因此总是有空间定义新的索引.基于此,引... 详细信息

在数学化学中,无需在实验室中进行实验就可以定义几种拓扑指数来推测化合物的性质.而使用一个单一的拓扑指数则无法描述相关化合物的所有特性,但是它们一起在某种程度上可起到预测化学性质的作用,因此总是有空间定义新的索引.基于此,引进了一些新的基于度的拓扑指数,同时利用图分析的方法对V-苯烯纳米管计算了这些指数.

关键词：数学化学拓扑指数萨格勒布指数 V-苯烯纳米管

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Determination of Organochlorine and Nitrogen Containing Pesticide Residues in Water,Sediments and Fish Samples by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatograph

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2009年第5期10卷 9-12页

作者： Shahid Mahboob Ghazala S.Sultana muhammad Rafique Asi S.nadeem A.S.Chaudhry GC大学动物学系巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德38000 农业与生物核研究所巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德38000 纽卡斯尔大学食品和农村发展(SA-FRD)农学院

With high performance liquid chromatography, the concentrations of α-endosulfan, DDE, parathion methyl, isoproturon, atrazine, carbaryl and carbofuran were determined in farmed raised fish Labeo rohita of two weight groups. All these pesticide residues were detected in fish meat samples. All these pesticide residues except isoproturon were identified in soil sediments, whereas all these pesticide residues except isoproturon, carbaryl and DDE were also present in water samples. DDT, heptachlor, β-endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, captan, cypermethrin, chlorobromuron and chlorotoluron were absent in all samples of water, sediments and fish flesh. The pesticide residues levels were in order of parathion methyl 〉 DDE 〉 carbofuran 〉 atrazine 〉 α-endosulfan 〉 isoproturan 〉 carbaryl. The concentrations of pesticides were higher in fish weighing 800 -1 300 g than in those weighing 250 -750 g. The DDE was remained highest in sediments, while that was not detected in water samples. The pesticides （endosulfan, parathion methyl, atrazine and carbofuran） had crossed their MRL values （0.001 μg/g） in water samples.

关键词： Pesticrde residues Organochlorine Nitrogen containing pesticides Reverse phase Chromatograph

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RNF13通过IRE1/XBP-1通路调控内质网应激介导的细胞凋亡

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现代生物医学进展 2016年第5期16卷 801-805页

作者：谷晓峰邓学峰马群风郁苗 muhammad arshad 周林康清华大学生命科学学院北京100084 军事医学科学院解放军307医院胸心外科北京100071 国际伊斯兰大学生物系伊斯兰堡巴基斯坦44000

目的:在研究内质网应激介导的细胞凋亡过程中,我们发现Ring finger protein13(RNF13)具有促进细胞凋亡的功能。我们拟研究沉默RNF13后细胞对Tunicamycin等引起的细胞凋亡的影响,以及RNF13对活性形式的caspase3,XBP1(X-box binding prote... 详细信息

目的:在研究内质网应激介导的细胞凋亡过程中,我们发现Ring finger protein13(RNF13)具有促进细胞凋亡的功能。我们拟研究沉默RNF13后细胞对Tunicamycin等引起的细胞凋亡的影响,以及RNF13对活性形式的caspase3,XBP1(X-box binding protein 1)的剪切以及IRE1(Endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1)磷酸化的影响以有助于了解RNF13促进细胞凋亡的信号通路的研究。方法:基因沉默RNF13,利用MTT方法研究RNF13沉默后对细胞增殖的影响,RNF13基因沉默后对XBP1剪切的影响,免疫印迹观察RNF13对IRE1磷酸化的影响。结果:RNF13基因沉默效率在80%以上。RNF13基因沉默后明显抑制细胞凋亡;敲低RNF13的细胞可抵抗衣霉素以及毒胡萝卜素的诱导的细胞凋亡。Caspase-3是细胞凋亡的关键蛋白。敲低RNF13后caspase-3的活性形式明显降低(降低70%,P<0.001)。在加入衣霉素引起内质网应激的情况下,敲除RNF13的细胞XBP1的切割活性明显降低。敲除RNF13的细胞中IREl的磷酸化明显降低(降低90%,P<0.001)。结论:RNF13通过IRE1-XBP1信号通路调节细胞凋亡。

关键词：内质网应激细胞凋亡 RNF13 IRE1 XBP1

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Impact of frailty on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography outcomes in nonagenarians:A United States national experience

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第3期16卷 148-156页

作者： Sanket Dhirubhai Basida Dushyant Singh Dahiya muhammad nadeem Yousaf Brinda Basida Bhanu Siva Mohan Pinnam Manesh Kumar Gangwani Hassam Ali Sahib Singh Yash R Shah Daksh Ahluwalia Mihir Prakash Shah Saurabh Chandan Neil R Sharma Shyam Thakkar Department of Internal Medicine University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbiaMO 65212United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65212United States Department of Rheumatology Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityNorth AugustaGA 30912United States Department of Internal Medicine John H.Stroger Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Internal Medicine The University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Department of Internal Medicine Sinai HospitalBaltimoreMD 21215United States Department of Internal Medicine Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State UniversityPontiacMI 48341United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Creighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68131United States Division of Interventional Oncology&Surgical Endoscopy GI Oncology Tumor Site TeamParkview Cancer InstituteParkview HealthFort WayneIN 46845United States Section of Gastroenterology&Hepatology West Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWV 26505United States

BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an essential therapeutic tool for biliary and pancreatic *** and elderly patients,especially those aged≥90 years are generally considered a higher-risk population for ERCP-related *** To investigate outcomes of ERCP in the Non-agenarian population(≥90 years)concerning *** This is a cohort study using the 2018-2020 National Readmission *** aged≥90 were identified who underwent ERCP,using the international classification of diseases-10 code with clinical *** Hopkins’s adjusted clinical groups frailty indicator was used to classify patients as frail and *** primary outcome was mortality,and the secondary outcomes were morbidity and the 30 d readmission rate related to *** used univariate and multivariate regression models for *** A total of 9448 patients were admitted for any indications of *** and non-frail patients were 3445(36.46%)and 6003(63.53%)*** for ERCP were Choledocholithiasis(74.84%),Biliary pancreatitis(9.19%),Pancreatico-biliary cancer(7.6%),Biliary stricture(4.84%),and Cholangitis(1.51%).Mortality rates were higher in frail group[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.68,P=0.02].The Intra-procedural complications were insigni-ficant between the two groups which included bleeding(aOR=0.72,P=0.67),accidental punctures/lacerations(aOR=0.77,P=0.5),and mechanical ventilation rates(aOR=1.19,P=0.6).Post-ERCP complication rate was similar for bleeding(aOR=0.72,P=0.41)and post-ERCP pancreatitis(aOR=1.4,P=0.44).Frail patients had a longer length of stay(6.7 d vs 5.5 d)and higher mean total charges of hospitalization($78807 vs$71392)compared to controls(P<0.001).The 30 d all-cause readmission rates between frail and non-frail patients were similar(P=0.96).CONCLUSION There was a significantly higher mortality risk and healthcare burden amongst nonagenarian frail patients undergoing ERCP compared

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Nonagenarians Frailty Mortality Healthcare burden

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Environmental Assessment and Analysis of Chemical Properties of Drinking Water Using Geo-Spatial Technologies: Examples from Lahore Metropolitan

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2018年第3期7卷 259-275页

作者： Ali Imam Mirza Ali Iqtadar Mirza Tabasam Jamal Syed Shehzad Hassan muhammad A. Butt Atif Ali Hafsa Batool Rashid Mahmood Attia Naz Azam Sohail Imran Saddique Kaukab Sana Alvi Javed Ahmad Safeer Ali Muneeb Aamir Azeem Akhtar arshad Javed Department of Geography GC University Lahore Pakistan Remote Sensing Group Department of Space Science University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

The contamination of drinking water in Pakistan is a serious threat to its citizens. Urbanization leads to an increased demand of drinking water supply that leads to excessive drawdown that further causes lowering of water table. The current WASA (Water and Sanitation Authority) supply network does not fulfill the demand of a growing metropolitan city of Lahore. The drawdown of Lahore is absolutely reliant on Water and Sanitation Authority (WASA) water supply network that causes numerous problems due to inappropriate management of groundwater capital and increased urbanization. This research investigates groundwater qualities: Alkalinity, Arsenic, Calcium, chloride, Total Hardness, Magnesium, Nitrate, pH and Total Dissolved solids using geographic information system (GIS). Residents of high concentrated towns, like Samnabad Town, Allama Iqbal Town, Gulberg, Data Ganj Bakhsh Town, Ravi Town and Wahga town witness cut-down of water supply mainly due to over burden on tube wells. Chemical properties of drinking water show that most of the parameters were within the allowable limits of WHO whereas the pH, and arsenic values are higher than the average. Arsenic is a carcinogenic element which causes cancer and is higher in the drinking water. Finally, this study identifies highly contaminated groundwater zones and makes it convenient to find actual pollutants. Therefore, plans are needed to protect the aquifer.

关键词： Water Contamination Urbanization Geographic Information System (GIS) Chemical Properties Carcinogenic Elements WHO WebGIS RS WASA DNA pH TDS

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Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2016年第2期7卷 74-82页

作者： M. nadeem O. Mufti I. Ahsan R. Naheed S. M. Faheem muhammad nadeem MBBS SUNY Buffalo NY USA Owais Mufti MD SUNY Buffalo NY USA Irfan Ahsan MD Abington Memorial Hospital Abington PA USA Rabia Naheed MBBS Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore Pakistan Sheikh muhammad Faheem MBBS University of IOWA Hospital Iowa City IA USA

Background: A new method of immune-based therapies has been made and applied on multiple sclerosis patients in last decades. Some of these treatments have a high efficacy and reasonable side effects. In slowing disease progression, present treatments have significant limitations, but often associated with significant adverse effects of immunosuppression, with having a bit low capability to counter the disability. Methods: This is a review meta-analysis of treatment of multiple sclerosis. Results: Thus a valuable aim for multiple sclerosis clinical research is to introduce more effective therapies. Conclusion: It is absolutely necessary to increase the individualized therapy planes development in respect to make better planes to disease-modifying treatments.

关键词： Immune Sequestration Multiple Sclerosis Non-Specific Immune Modulation Lymphocyte-Targeted Therapy

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