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Brain Tumor Segmentation in Multimodal MRI Using U-Net Layered Structure

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5267-5281页

作者： muhammad Javaid Iqbal muhammad Waseem Iqbal muhammad Anwar muhammad murad khan Abd Jabar Nazimi Mohammad Nazir Ahmad Department of Information Technology The Superior UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Software Engineering The Superior UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Information Sciences Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahorePakistan Department of Computer Science Government College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan Deptment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of DentistryUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Institute of IR4.0 Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangiSelangorMalaysia

The brain tumour is the mass where some tissues become old or damaged,but they do not die or not leave their *** brain tumour masses occur due to malignant *** tissues must die so that new tissues are allowed to be born and take their *** segmentation is a complex and time-taking problem due to the tumour’s size,shape,and appearance *** finding such masses in the brain by analyzing Magnetic Resonance Images(MRI)is a crucial task for experts and *** could not work for large volume images simultaneously,and many errors occurred due to overwhelming image *** main objective of this research study is the segmentation of tumors in brain MRI images with the help of digital image processing and deep learning *** research study proposed an automatic model for tumor segmentation in MRI *** proposed model has a few significant steps,which first apply the pre-processing method for the whole dataset to convert Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative(NIFTI)volumes into the 3D NumPy *** the second step,the proposed model adopts U-Net deep learning segmentation algorithm with an improved layered structure and sets the updated *** the third step,the proposed model uses state-of-the-art Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention(MICCAI)BRATS 2018 dataset withMRI modalities such as T1,T1Gd,T2,and Fluidattenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR).Tumour types in MRI images are classified according to the tumour *** of these masses carried by state-of-the-art approaches such that the first is enhancing tumour(label 4),edema(label 2),necrotic and non-enhancing tumour core(label 1),and the remaining region is label 0 such that edema(whole tumour),necrosis and *** proposed model is evaluated and gets the Dice Coefficient(DSC)value for High-grade glioma(HGG)volumes for their test set-a,test set-b,and test set-c 0.9795, 0.9855 and 0.9793, respectively.

关键词： Brain tumour segmentation magnetic resonance images modalities dice coefficient low-grade glioma U-Net

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Google Scholar University Ranking Algorithm to Evaluate the Quality of Institutional Research

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 4955-4972页

作者： Noor Ul Sabah muhammad murad khan Ramzan Talib muhammad Anwar muhammad Sheraz Arshad Malik Puteri Nor Ellyza Nohuddin Department of Computer Science Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Information Sciences Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Institute of IR4.0 Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangiSelangor43600Malaysia

Education quality has undoubtedly become an important local and international benchmark for education,and an institute’s ranking is assessed based on the quality of education,research projects,theses,and dissertations,which has always been ***,this research paper is influenced by the institutes ranking all over the *** data of institutes are obtained through Google Scholar(GS),as input to investigate the United Kingdom’s Research Excellence Framework(UK-REF)*** this purpose,the current research used a Bespoke Program to evaluate the institutes’ranking based on their *** bespoke program requires changes to improve the results by addressing these methodological issues:Firstly,Redundant profiles,which increased their citation and rank to produce false ***,the exclusion of theses and dissertation documents to retrieve the actual publications to count for ***,the elimination of falsely owned articles from scholars’*** accomplish this task,the experimental design referred to collecting data from 120 UK-REF institutes and GS for the present year to enhance its correlation analysis in this new *** data extracted from GS is processed into structured data,and afterward,it is utilized to generate statistical computations of citations’analysis that contribute to the ranking based on their *** research promoted the predictive approach of correlational ***,experimental evaluation reported encouraging results in comparison to the previous modi-fication made by the proposed *** paper discussed the limitations of the current evaluation and suggested the potential paths to improve the research impact algorithm.

关键词： Google scholar institutes ranking research assessment exercise research excellence framework impact evaluation citation data

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Exploring Nanoscale Perovskite Materials for Next‑Generation Photodetectors:A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 46-108页

作者： Xin Li Sikandar Aftab Maria Mukhtar Fahmid Kabir muhammad Farooq khan Hosameldin Helmy Hegazy Erdi Akman State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology National University of Defense TechnologyHefei 230037AnhuiPeople’s Republic of China Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology Hefei 230037AnhuiPeople’s Republic of China Nanhu Laser Laboratory Changsha 410015HunanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering and Clean Energy Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBC V5A 1S6Canada Department of Electrical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia Central Labs King Khalid UniversityAlQura’aP.O.Box 96061413 AbhaSaudi Arabia Scientific and Technological Research and Application Center Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University70100 KaramanTurkey

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has sparked much interest in applying nanoscale perovskite materials for photodetection *** materials are promising candidates for next-generation photodetectors(PDs)due to their unique optoelectronic properties and flexible synthesis *** review explores the approaches used in the development and use of optoelectronic devices made of different nanoscale perovskite architectures,including quantum dots,nanosheets,nanorods,nanowires,and *** a thorough analysis of recent literature,the review also addresses common issues like the mechanisms underlying the degradation of perovskite PDs and offers perspectives on potential solutions to improve stability and scalability that impede widespread *** addition,it highlights that photodetection encompasses the detection of light fields in dimensions other than light intensity and suggests potential avenues for future research to overcome these obstacles and fully realize the potential of nanoscale perovskite materials in state-of-the-art photodetection *** review provides a comprehensive overview of nanoscale perovskite PDs and guides future research efforts towards improved performance and wider applicability,making it a valuable resource for researchers.

关键词： Nanoscale perovskites Photodetectors Nanosheets Nanorods Nanowires Quantum dots Nanocrystals

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Modeling and Comprehensive Review of Signaling Storms in 3GPP-Based Mobile Broadband Networks:Causes,Solutions,and Countermeasures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 123-153页

作者： muhammad Qasim khan Fazal Malik Fahad Alturise Noor Rahman Department of Computer Science Iqra National UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Cybersecurity College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah52555Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Al-Fayha CollegeAl Jubayl31961Saudi Arabia

Control signaling is mandatory for the operation and management of all types of communication networks,including the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)mobile broadband ***,they consume important and scarce network resources such as bandwidth and processing *** have been several reports of these control signaling turning into signaling storms halting network operations and causing the respective Telecom companies big financial *** paper draws its motivation from such real network disaster incidents attributed to signaling *** this paper,we present a thorough survey of the causes,of the signaling storm problems in 3GPP-based mobile broadband networks and discuss in detail their possible solutions and *** provide relevant analytical models to help quantify the effect of the potential causes and benefits of their corresponding *** important contribution of this paper is the comparison of the possible causes and solutions/countermeasures,concerning their effect on several important network aspects such as architecture,additional signaling,fidelity,etc.,in the form of a *** paper presents an update and an extension of our earlier conference *** our knowledge,no similar survey study exists on the subject.

关键词： Signaling storm problems control signaling load analytical modeling 3GPP networks smart devices diameter signaling mobile broadband data access data traffic mobility management signaling network architecture 5G mobile communication

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Image-Based Automatic Energy Meter Reading Using Deep Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 203-216页

作者： muhammad Imran Hafeez Anwar muhammad Tufail Abdullah khan murad khan Dzati Athiar Ramli Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology Faculty of Management and Computer SciencesThe University of AgriculturePeshawarPakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAttock CampusAttock CityPakistan Kuwait College of Science and Technology Kuwait CityKuwait School of Electrical&Electronic Engineering USM Engineering CampusUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenang14300Malaysia

We propose to perform an image-based framework for electrical energy meter *** aim is to extract the image region that depicts the digits and then recognize them to record the consumed *** the readings of serial numbers and energy meter units,an automatic billing system using the Internet of Things and a graphical user interface is deployable in a real-time ***,such region extraction and character recognition become challenging due to image variations caused by several factors such as partial occlusion due to dust on the meter display,orientation and scale variations caused by camera positioning,and non-uniform illumination caused by *** this end,our work evaluates and compares the stateof-the art deep learning algorithm You Only Look Once(YOLO)along with traditional handcrafted features for text extraction and *** image dataset contains 10,000 images of electrical energymeters and is further expanded by data augmentation such as in-plane rotation and scaling tomake the deep learning algorithms robust to these image *** training and evaluation,the image dataset is annotated to produce the ground truth of all the ***,YOLO achieves superior performance over the traditional handcrafted features with an average recognition rate of 98%for all the *** proves to be robust against the mentioned image variations compared with the traditional handcrafted *** proposed method can be highly instrumental in reducing the time and effort involved in the currentmeter reading,where workers visit door to door,take images ofmeters and manually extract readings from these images.

关键词： Convolutional neural network object localization machine learning

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Hybrid DFT study of structural,electronic,magnetic and elastic properties of laves phase binary intermetallics RFe_(2)(R=La,Ce,Pr and Nd)

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第9期41卷 1367-1375,I0004页

作者： murad murad Zahid Ali muhammad Idrees Centre for Computational Materials Science Department of PhysicsUniversity of MalakandChakdaraDir(Lower)18800KPPakistan

Hybrid density functional theory was used to investigate the structural,electronic,magnetic and elastic properties of the Laves phase binary intermetallics RFe_(2)(R=La,Ce,Pr and Nd) in C_(15) crystal *** calculated lattice constants of these materials are found in good agreement with the *** band structures and density of states distribution confirm the metallic nature of all these *** optimized energies in different magnetic phases and magnetic susceptibilities by postDFT treatments confirm that all the understudy compounds are ferromagnetic in *** parameters were calculated from the cubic elastic coefficients C_(11),C_(12) and C_(44).The elastic properties reveal that these intermetallics are incompressible,ductile,elastically anisotropic and mechanically *** on the metallic nature and ferromagnetic properties,it is expected that these intermetallics are suitable materials for spintronic technology.

关键词： Intermetallics Laves phase Density functional theory Electronic band structures Magnetic properties Elastic properties

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Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： K.muhammad M.SARFRAZ Department of Humanities and Sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This article presents a mathematical model addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel plates. One plate remains stationary, while the other moves downward at a squeezing velocity. The space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. A mixture of water-based fluid with gold(Au) and silicon dioxide(Si O2) nanoparticles is formulated. In contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation, this study employs the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction, invoking magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) effects. Further, the model accounts for Joule heating, which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the fluid. The problem is solved via NDSolve in MATHEMATICA. Numerical and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanomaterials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow, energy transport, and skin *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling systems and optimizing thermal management strategies. It is observed that the squeezing motion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid, which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional drag. Consequently, the fluid is pushed more vigorously between the plates, increasing the flow velocity. As the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect, it spends less time in the region between the plates. The thermal relaxation, however, abruptly changes the temperature, leading to a decrease in the temperature fluctuations.

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Single-cell and spatial omics:exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1525-1540页

作者： muhammad Junaid Eun Jeong Lee Su Bin Lim Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea

Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. These high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus. Current single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods comprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinct phenotypes across various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing requires isolating the cell/nuclei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information concerning neuronal networks. Spatial transcriptomics methods, by bypassing the cell dissociation, can elucidate the intricate spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the applicative value of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in exploring the complex molecular-genetic diversity of hypothalamic cell types, driven by recent high-throughput achievements.

关键词： cellular diversity hypothalamus multi-omics single-cell transcriptomics spatial transcriptomics

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Modified integral equation combined with the decomposition method for time fractional differential equations with variable coefficients

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2022年第3期37卷 404-414页

作者： muhammad Amin Sadiq murad Department of Mathematics College of ScienceUniversity of DuhokDuhokIraq

In this paper,the modified integral equation,namely,Elzaki transformation coupled with the Adomian decomposition method called Elzaki Adomian decomposition method(EADM)is used to investigate the solution of time-fractional fourth-order parabolic partial differential equations(PDEs)with variable *** introduced method is used to solve two models of the proposed problem,the analytical and approximate solutions of the models are *** outcomes illustrate that the proposed technique is a highly accurate,and facilitates the process of solving differential equations by comparing it,with the exact solution and those obtained by the variation iteration method(VIM)and Laplace homotopy perturbation method(LHPM).

关键词： Elzaki transformation Adomian decomposition method time-fractional fourth-order parabolic Variation iteration method Laplace homotopy perturbation

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A Synergistic Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Method for Educational Institutions Evaluation Using Similarity Measures of Possibility Pythagorean Fuzzy Hypersoft Sets

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 501-530页

作者： Khuram Ali khan Saba Mubeen Ishfaq Atiqe Ur Rahman Salwa El-Morsy Department of Mathematics University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of ScienceQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia

Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be *** concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such *** study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and *** results related to these operations are also modified for ***,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and ***,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested *** algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical ***,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.

关键词： Hypersoft set Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set computational complexity multi-attribute decision-making optimization similarity measures uncertainty

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